Validation and Determination of Quinolizidine Alkaloids (QAs) in Lupin Products by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID)

References

• Aniszewski, T. 1993. Nutritive quality of the alkaloid‐poor Washington lupin (Lupinus polyphyllus lindl var SF/TA) as a potential protein crop. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 61(4):409–21. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740610406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aniszewski, T., D. Ciesiołka, and K. Gulewicz. 2001. Equilibrium between basic nitrogen compounds in lupin seeds with differentiated alkaloid content. Phytochemistry 57(1):43–50. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00498-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. 1996. ACNFP report on seeds from narrow leafed lupin: Appendix IX. London: MAFF Publications; 107p.
   Google Scholar
• Boschin, G., P. Annicchiarico, D. Resta, A. D’Agostina, and A. Arnoldi. 2008. Quinolizidine alkaloids in seeds of lupin genotypes of different origins. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 56(10):3657–63. doi:10.1021/jf7037218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CSHPF. 1998. du Conseil superieur d'hygiene publique de France. Bulletin officiel du ministère chargé de la santé no. 98/27; p. 201–9.
   Google Scholar
• Frick, K. M., L. G. Kamphuis, K. H. Siddique, K. B. Singh, and R. C. Foley. 2017. Quinolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis in lupins and prospects for grain quality improvement. Frontiers in Plant Science 8:87. doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00087.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganzera, M., A. Kruger, and M. Wink. 2010. Determination of quinolizidine alkaloids in different Lupinus species by NACE using UV and MS detection. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 53(5):1231–35. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gladstones, J. S., C. Atkins, and J. Hamblin. 1998. Lupins as crop plants: Biology, production, and utilization. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
   Google Scholar
• Horwitz, W. 2002. AOAC guidelines for single laboratory validation of chemical methods for dietary supplements and botanicals. Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC International.
   Google Scholar
• Kamel, K. A., W. Święcicki, Z. Kaczmarek, and P. Barzyk. 2016. Quantitative and qualitative content of alkaloids in seeds of a narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) collection. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 63(4):711–19. doi:10.1007/s10722-015-0278-7.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Y., Z. Hu, and L. He. 2007. An approach to develop binary chromatographic fingerprints of the total alkaloids from Caulophyllum robustum by high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 43(5):1667–72. doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2006.12.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luckett, D. 2004. Lupin bean: A bitter contamination risk for sweet Albus lupins. Agnote DPI-498 18. Orange, Australia: NSW Department of Primary Industries.
   Google Scholar
• Australia New Zealand Food Authority. 2001. Lupin alkaloids in food a toxicological review and risk assessment. Technical Report Series Number 3. Canberra, Australia: Australia New Zealand Food Authority.
   Google Scholar
• Muzquiz, M., C. Cuadrado, G. Ayet, C. Cuadra, C. Burbano, and A. Osagie. 1994. Variation of alkaloid components of lupin seeds in 49 genotypes of Lupinus albus from different countries and locations. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 42(7):1447–50. doi:10.1021/jf00043a011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muzquiz, M., E. Guillamon, C. Burbano, H. Pascual, C. Cabellos, C. Cuadrado, and M. M. Pedrosa. 2011. Chemical composition of a new Lupinus species found in Spain, Lupinus mariae-josephi H. Pascual (Fabaceae). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 9(4):1233–44. doi:10.5424/sjar/20110904-515-10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowicka, G., L. Klosiewicz-Latoszek, C. Sirtori, A. Arnoldi, and M. Naruszewicz. 2006. Th-W55:4 Lupin proteins in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis Supplements 7(3):477. doi:10.1016/S1567-5688(06)81910-0.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ortega-David, E., and A. Rodríguez-Stouvenel. 2013. Degradation of quinolizidine alkaloids of lupin by Rhizopus oligosporus. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 97(11):4799–810. doi:10.1007/s00253-013-4736-x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reinhard, H., H. Rupp, F. Sager, M. Streule, and O. Zoller. 2006. Quinolizidine alkaloids and phomopsins in lupin seeds and lupin containing food. Journal of Chromatography A 1112(1–2):353–60. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.079.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Resta, D., G. Boschin, A. D'Agostina, and A. Arnoldi. 2008. Evaluation of total quinolizidine alkaloids content in lupin flours, lupin-based ingredients, and foods. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research 52(4):490–95. doi:10.1002/mnfr.200700206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sánchez, M. C., P. Altares, M. M. Pedrosa, C. Burbano, C. Cuadrado, C. Goyoaga, M. Muzquiz, C. Jiménez-Martı́nez, and G. Dávila-Ortiz. 2005. Alkaloid variation during germination in different lupin species. Food Chemistry 90:347–55. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.04.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sujak, A., A. Kotlarz, and W. Strobel. 2006. Compositional and nutritional evaluation of several lupin seeds. Food Chemistry 98(4):711–19. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.06.036.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wink, M., C. Meißner, and L. Witte. 1995. Patterns of quinolizidine alkaloids in 56 species of the genus Lupinus. Phytochemistry 38(1):139–53. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(95)91890-D.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, S. S., I. Smetena, and C. B. Huang. 2002. Determination of tobacco alkaloids by gas chromatography with nitrogen–phosphorus detection. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 373(8):839–43. doi:10.1007/s00216-002-1380-1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar