528
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Gas Chromatography

Detection of Potentially Toxic Additives in Electronic Cigarettes and Cigarette Flavourings

, &
Pages 1407-1415 | Received 17 Nov 2019, Accepted 19 Dec 2019, Published online: 28 Dec 2019

References

  • Andreani, S., A. Uehara, P. Blagojevic, N. Radulovic, A. Muselli, and N. Baldovini. 2019. Key odorants of industrially-produced Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum essential oil. Industrial Crops and Products 132:275–82. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.02.008.
  • Aszyk, J., P. Kubica, A. Kot-Wasik, J. Namieśnik, and A. Wasik. 2017. Comprehensive determination of flavouring additives and nicotine in e-cigarette refill solutions. Part I: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Journal of Chromatography A 1519:45–54. doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2017.08.056.
  • Aszyk, J., M. K. Woźniak, P. Kubica, A. Kot-Wasik, and A. Wasik. 2019. Concentration levels of selected analytes in the gas phase of an e-cigarette aerosol. Microchemical Journal 148:717–24. doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.05.052.
  • Balbo, S., and I. Stepanov. 2018. The wild west of e-cigarettes. Chemical Research in Toxicology 31 (9):823–4. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00214.
  • Bocharova, O. 2019. Evaluation of the thermodynamic viability of the formation of benzyl alcohol and toluene from benzoates in milk and fruit yoghurts. International Journal of Dairy Technology 72 (4):569–72. doi:10.1111/1471-0307.12627.
  • Chaudhuri, S., D. J. DiScenza, M. Verderame, B. Cromwell, and M. Levine. 2019. Colorimetric detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using supramolecular cyclodextrin dimer-squaraine constructs. Supramolecular Chemistry 31 (3):211–9. doi:10.1080/10610278.2019.1579332.
  • Chen, I.-L., I. Todd, and L. C. Fairclough. 2019. Immunological and pathological effects of electronic cigarettes. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 125:237–52. doi:10.1111/bcpt.13225.
  • Cheng, H., J. Chen, P. J. Watkins, S. Chen, D. Wu, D. Liu, and X. Ye. 2018. Discrimination of aroma characteristics for cubeb berries by sensomics approach with chemometrics. Molecules 23 (7):1627–14. doi:10.3390/molecules23071627.
  • Clapp, P. W., K. S. Lavrich, C. A. van Heusden, E. R. Lazarowski, J. L. Carson, and I. Jaspers. 2019. Cinnamaldehyde in flavored e-cigarette liquids temporarily suppresses bronchial epithelial cell ciliary motility by dysregulation of mitochondrial function. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 316:L470–86. doi:10.1152/ajplung.00304.2018.
  • Cromwell, B., M. Dubnicka, S. Dubrawski, and M. Levine. 2019. Identification of 15 phthalate esters in commercial cheese powder via cyclodextrin-promoted fluorescence detection. ACS Omega 4 (16):17009–15. doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b02585.
  • De Vito, E. E., and S. Krishnan-Sarin. 2018. E-cigarettes: Impact of e-liquid components and device characteristics on nicotine exposure. Current Neuropharmacology 16:438–59. doi:10.2174/1570159X15666171016164430.
  • DiScenza, D. J., J. Lynch, E. Feder, and M. Levine. 2018. Detection of bisphenol A and derivatives in human urine via cyclodextrin-promoted fluorescence modulation. Analytical Methods 10 (30):3783–90. doi:10.1039/C8AY00733K.
  • DiScenza, D. J., J. Lynch, J. Miller, M. Verderame, and M. Levine. 2017. Detection of organochlorine pesticides in contaminated marine environments via cyclodextrin-promoted fluorescence modulation. ACS Omega 2 (12):8591–9. doi:10.1021/acsomega.7b00991.
  • DiScenza, D. J., M. Verderame, and M. Levine. 2016. Detection of benzene and alkylated benzene derivatives in fuel contaminated environments. Clean - Soil, Air, Water 44:1621–7. doi:10.1002/clen.201600206.
  • Dubnicka, M., B. Cromwell, and M. Levine. 2019. Investigation of the adulteration of essential oils by GC-MS. Current Analytical Chemistry. 15. [Epub ahead of print]. doi:10.2174/1573411015666191127093710.
  • Gholap, V. V., L. Kosmider, and M. S. Halquist. 2018. A standardized approach to quantitative analysis of nicotine in e-liquids based on peak purity criteria using high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 1720375:1–11. doi:10.1155/2018/1720375.
  • Ibanez, M. P., D. Martin, A. G. Gonzalvez, H. H. Telle, and A. G. Urena. 2019. A comparative study of non-volatile compounds present in 3R4F cigarettes and iQOS heatsticks utilizing GC-MS. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 10:76–85. doi:10.4236/ajac.2019.103007.
  • Jenssen, B. P., and R. Boykan. 2019. Electronic cigarettes and youth in the United States: A call to action (at the local, national and global levels). Children 6 (2):30–9067. doi:10.3390/children6020030.
  • Leary, P. E., B. W. Kammrath, K. J. Lattman, and G. L. Beals. 2019. Deploying portable gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to military users for the identification of toxic chemical agents in theater. Applied Spectroscopy 73 (8):841–58. doi:10.1177/0003702819849499.
  • Lim, C. H., Y. H. Lee, Y. S. Kim, H. S. Choi, and D. S. Seo. 2018. Assessment of cyclohexanone toxicity in inhalation-exposed F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice: Applications in occupational health. Inhalation Toxicology 30 (7-8):247–54. doi:10.1080/08958378.2018.1512689.
  • Liu, R., and S. A. Mabury. 2018. Synthetic phenolic antioxidants and transformation products in human sera from United States donors. Environmental Science & Technology Letters 5:419–23. doi:10.1021/acs.estlett.8b00223.
  • Lu, J., H. Li, J. Quan, W. An, J. Zhao, and W. Xi. 2017. Identification of characteristic aroma volatiles of Ningxia goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.) and their developmental changes. International Journal of Food Properties 20 (sup1):S214–S27. doi:10.1080/10942912.2017.1295254.
  • Luo, J., J. Brotchie, M. Pang, P. J. Marriott, K. Howell, and P. Zhang. 2019. Free terpene evolution during the berry maturation of five Vitis vinifera L. cultivars. Food Chemistry 299:125101. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125101.
  • Oakes, J. M., R. M. Fuchs, J. D. Gardner, E. Lazartigues, and X. Yue. 2018. Nicotine and the renin-angiotensin system. American Journal in Physiology 315:R895–906. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00099.2018.
  • Qasim, H., Z. A. Karim, J. O. Rivera, F. T. Khasawneh, and F. Z. Alshbool. 2017. Impact of electronic cigarettes on the cardiovascular system. Journal of the American Heart Association 6 (9):1–14. doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.006353.
  • Papaefstathiou, E., M. Stylianou, and A. Agapiou. 2019. Main and side stream effects of electronic cigarettes. Journal of Environmental Management 238:10–7. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.01.030.
  • Perini, M., M. Paolini, M. Simoni, L. Bontempo, U. Vrhovsek, M. Sacco, F. Thomas, E. Jamin, A. Hermann, and F. Camin. 2014. Stable isotope ratio analysis for verifying the authenticity of balsamic and wine vinegar. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 62 (32):8197–203. doi:10.1021/jf5013538.
  • Rehan, H. S., J. Maini, and A. P. Singh Hungin. 2018. Vaping versus smoking: A quest for efficacy and safety of e-cigarette. Current Drug Safety 13 (2):92–101. doi:10.2174/1574886313666180227110556.
  • Taiti, C., C. Pandolfi, S. Caparrotta, M. Dei, E. Giordani, S. Mancuso, and V. Nencetti. 2019. Fruit aroma and sensorial characteristics of traditional and innovative Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) cultivars grown in Italy. European Food Research and Technology 245 (12):2655–68. doi:10.1007/s00217-019-03377-y.
  • Uziel, M., N. B. Munro, D. S. Katz, T. Vo Dinh, E. A. Zeighami, M. D. Waters, and J. D. Griffith. 1992. DNA adduct formation by 12 chemicals with populations potentially suitable for molecular epidemiological studies. Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology 277 (1):35–90. doi:10.1016/0165-1110(92)90025-5.
  • Woelfel, K., and T. G. Hartman. 1998. Mass spectrometry of the acetal derivatives of selected generally recognized as safe listed aldehydes with ethanol, 1, 2-propylene glycol and glycerol. ACS Symposium Series 705:193–210. doi:10.1021/bk-1998-0705.ch017.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.