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Original Articles

A short history of the international congresses of physiologists

Pages 241-335 | Published online: 02 Jun 2006

References

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  • Anon. Quatri`eme congr`es international de physiologie tenu `a Cambridge du 23 au 27 Aoˆut 1898 Pr. méd. 1898 6 93 94 28 Sept.
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  • Boruttau , H. 1901 . Der fünfte internationale Physiologencongress in Turin vom 17. bis 21. September 1901 . Cbl. Physiol. , 15 : 479 – 500 .
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  • Chittenden , R. H. 1936 . Letter about Michael Foster, particularly about his entry at the opening meeting of the First Congress
  • Cushing , H. Private note about I. P. Pavlov and the Thirteenth Congress . August 22 1929 .
  • Le Dr. , D. 1904 . Le sixi`eme Congr`es International de Physiologie . Rev. belge Thérap. , 2 : 111 – 113 .
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  • Doyon , M. 1895 . Troisi`eme congr`es international de physiologie . Lyon méd. , 80 : 244 – 249 . 285–290
  • Ebbecke , U. 1917 . Die lokale vasomotorische Reaktion (L. V. R.) der Haut und der inneren Organe . Pflüg. Arch. ges. Physiol. , 169 : 1 – 81 .
  • Ebbecke , U. 1937 . Letters about the Ninth and some subsequent Congresses
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  • Einthoven , W. 1901 . Quoted . Weekbl. ned. Tijdschr. Geneesk. , : 1000 – 1000 . 9 Nov.
  • Exner , S. 1910 . Ein herzliches Willkommen dem VIII. Internationalen Physiologenkongress! . Wien. med. Wschr. , 60 : 2266 – 2266 .
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  • Foster , M. 1901 . Note sur le quatri`eme Congr`es international de Physiologie, réuni `a Cambridge (Angleterre), du 22 au 26 Aoˆut 1898, dans les locaux du Physiological Laboratory de l'Université Translated by Léon Fredericq from the English, and issued with the French note of invitation to the Fifth Congress. A copy is preserved in the Institute of Physiology, Liége
  • Fredericq , L. 1892 . Notice sur le deuxi`eme congr`es international de physiologie (Liége, 1892) . Trav. Lab. L. Fredericq , 4 : 175 – 234 .
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  • Fredericq L. Arch. int. Physiol. Compte-rendu du VIIIe Congr`es international de Physiologie Vienne Septembre 27–30 1910 1910 10 1 80 Fasc. II [separate pagination]
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  • Fredericq , L. 1929 . Souvenirs des premiers congr`es de physiologie . Amer. J. Physiol. , 90 : 252 – 257 .
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  • Fredericq , L. and Heger , P. Compte-rendu du IXe Congr`es international de Physiologie . Septembre 2–5 1913 , Groningue. Arch. int. Physiol. , Vol. 14 , pp. 1 – 84 .
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  • Fürth , O. v. , Kreidl , A. and Nicolai , F. 1904 . VI. internationaler Physiologenkongress zu Brüssel . Cbl. Physiol. , 18 : 816 – 839 .
  • Fulton , J. F. 1929, 1932, 1935 . Private accounts of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Congresses
  • Fulton , J. F. 1936 . Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov . New Engl. J. Med. , 214 : 487 – 489 .
  • Fulton , J. F. 1936 . Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov . Sci. Mon., N.Y. , 42 : 374 – 377 .
  • Gad , J. 1889 . Der erste internationale Physiologencongress in Basel, 10, bis 12, September 1889 . Cbl. Physiol. , 3 : 304 – 324 .
  • Gley E. Premier Congr`es international de physiologie Gaz. hebd. Méd. Chir. 1889 26 613 616 2 s. 631–632
  • Gley , E. , Langlois , P. , Loye , P. and Baudouin , M. Notes recueillies par Premier congr`es international de physiologie tenu `a Bˆale . Septembre 10–12 , Suisse. Paris : Publications du Progr`es Médical. E. Lecrosnier et Babé. .
  • Greene C.W. The 13th International Physiological Congress History of the American Physiological Society Semicentennial 1887–1937 Baltimore, Maryland 1938 in Contains photographs of the Congress medal
  • Grützner , P. 1889 . Mittheilungen über den ersten internationalen Physiologen-Congress in Basel am 10.–12. September 1889 . Dtsch. med. Wschr. , 15 : 1031 – 1033 .
  • Hamburger H.J. Particuliere correspondentie Ned. Tijdschr. Geneesk. 1892 28 ii 494 496 See also Zwaardemaker, H. 1892 2 s.
  • Hamburger , H.J. 1913 . The Physiological Institute of the University of Groningen , Groningen : J. B. Wolters . (with two plans)
  • Hamburger , H.J. and Laqueur , E. 1913 . Festschrift zum 25-jährigen Gedenktage der Gründung der Internationalen Physiologenkongresse , Groningen : J. B. Wolters . dedicated to members of the Ninth Congress by Zentralblatt für Physiologie
  • Heger , P. 1888 . Notice about the proposed First Congress, circulated by Dr. Paul Heger to Belgian physiologists some time after the preliminary meeting, which took place at Bern on 10 September 1888. At this meeting Heger was chosen as representative for Belgium. The notice corresponds in the main with that published by the Scandinavian representative—see Holmgren, F. (1888–1889). It is not to be confused with the general note of invitation to the First Congress. Copies, both of Heger's notice and of the general note of invitation, are preserved in the Institute of Physiology, Liége or 1889
  • Herzen , A. 1895 . Troisi`eme congr`es international de physiologie tenu `a Berne du 9 au 13 septembre 1895 . Sem. méd., Paris , 15 : 401 – 402 . 408–409
  • Heymans , J.F. 1892 . Der zweite internationale Physiologencongress in Lüttich. 29 bis 31. August 1892. Eine kurze Uebersicht seiner Verhandlungen . Cbl. Physiol. , 6 : 395 – 409 .
  • Hill L. J. Physiol. An account of the Proceedings of the Fourth International Physiological Congress held at Cambridge England August 23–26 1898 1899 23 Issued by the Physiological Society of Great Britain and edited by Leonard Hill, M.B. suppl.
  • Höber , R. 1929 . Der 13. Internationale Physiologenkongress in Boston . Dtsch. med. Wschr. , 55 : 1894 – 1895 .
  • Holmgren F. Translated title: “Appeal to those interested in a proposed physiological Congress in Basel on 10 September 1889” Uppsala LäkFören. Förh. 1888–1889 24 220 221 See Heger, P. (1888 or 1889) Uppsala, 28 November 1888 This is, apparently, the only reference in Scandinavian journals to either of the first two Congresses (Liljestrand)
  • Hopkins , F.G. 1921 . On an autoxidisable constituent of the cell . Biochem. J. , 15 : 286 – 305 .
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  • Kronecker , H. 1898 . Report of the Third International Congress of Physiologists, which held Sittings at Bern, September 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, and 13th, 1895 Issued with the English note of invitation to the Fourth Congress. Copies of the English, French, and German notes of invitation are preserved in the Institute of Physiology, Liége
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  • Langlois , P. 1892 . Le Congr`es de physiologie de Li`ege . Rev. sci., Paris , 50 : 348 – 348 .
  • Langlois , P. 1892 . Deuxi`eme congr`es international de physiologie tenu `a Liége les 29, 30 et 31 aoˆut 1892 . Sem. méd., Paris , 12 : 345 – 346 . 357–360
  • Langlois , P. 1898 . Un congr`es de physiologie en Angleterre . Pr. méd. , 6 : 86 – 87 . 21 Sept.
  • Lapicque , L. 1935 . Quelques progr`es récents dans la connaissance du mécanisme nerveux , Éditions d'État Publications biologiques et médicales (Section de Léningrad)
  • Lapicque , L. 1937 . Letters about the First and some subsequent Congresses
  • Lee , F.S. 1920 . Letter, dated 5 August 1920, to Warren P. Lombard about the Paris Congress
  • Leersum , E.C.van . 1913 . Old physiological experiments , Leyde : E. J. Brill . Dedicated to the 9th Congress of Physiologists at Groningen by the Editors of Janus, Archives internationales pour l'Histoire de la Médecine et la Géographie Médicale
  • Lépine , R. 1895 . Le Congr`es de physiologie de Berne . Lyon méd. , 80 : 131 – 131 .
  • M. 1889 . Der erste internationale Physiologencongress in Basel, 10.–12. September 1889 . Allg. Schweizer Ztg. , 17 Sept., No. 220
  • Macleod , J.J.R. 1923 . Insulin . Quart. J. exp. Physiol. , 1-23 suppl.
  • Magnus , R. 1895–1923 . Extracts from the diary of the late Prof. R. Magnus Courtesy of Mevrouw G. Magnus-Rau
  • Malbec . 1892 . Deuxi`eme congr`es international de physiologie tenu `a Li`ege les 29. 30 et 31 aoˆut 1892 . Trib. méd., Paris , 25 2 s., Nos. 35–37, 556–558, 572–575, 587–591. [The writer has seen these only in reprint form.]
  • Malbec , A. 1895 . Troisi`eme congr`es international de physiologie tenu `a Berne du 9 au 13 Septembre . Trib. méd., Paris , 11, 18 and 25 Sept. [The writer has seen only reprints of Nos. 38 and 39, pp. 762–766, 780–782; Kronecker, H. (1898), gives the reference as Nos. 38, 39, and 41, 18 Sept. to 9 Oct.]
  • Miescher , F. Der erste internationale Physiologen-Congress in Basel 10.–12. September 1889 . CorrespBl. Schweiz. Ärz. , Vol. 19 , pp. 590 – 598 . 610–618
  • Miescher , F. 1892 . Der erste internationale Physiologen-Congress in Basel vom 10. bis 12. September 1889. Die Präsidenten und Generalsekretäre ; das provisorische Comité. Verzeichniss der Mitglieder. Kurze Notizen über den Verlauf des Congresses Issued with the German note of invitation to the Second Congress. A copy is preserved in the Institute of Physiology, Liége
  • Morat . 1889 . Congr`es international de Physiologie `a Bˆale en 1889 . Progr. méd. , 9 : 183 – 184 . 2 s.
  • Mosso , A. L'Institut physiologique de l'Université de Turin. Publication faite par le Prof. A. Mosso `a l'occasion du XI. Congr`es international de Médecine tenu `a Rome en 1894 . Turin : Vincent Bona .
  • Ocaña , J.G. and Pi Y Suñer , A. 1911 . Memoria sobre el VIII Congreso Internacional de Fisiólogos (Viena, 27 al 30 Septiembre 1910) . An. Junta Estud. cient., Madr. , 4
  • Olivier , L. 1892 . Le deuxi`eme congr`es international de physiologie . Rev. gén. Sci. pur. appl. , 3 : 734 – 762 .
  • Pavlov , I.P. 1923 . The identity of inhibition with hypnosis and sleep . Quart. J. exp. Physiol. , : 39 – 43 .
  • Piéron , H. 1904 . Le VIe Congr`es international de Physiologie . Rev. sci., Paris , 2 : 740 – 752 . 5 s.
  • René , A. 1892 . “Deuxi`eme congr`es international de physiologie” (Li`ege, 29, 30, 31 aoˆut 1892) . Gaz. Hˆop., Paris , 65 : 1005 – 1013 .
  • Richet , C. 1907 . Worte gesprochen von Herrn Charles Richet (Paris) beim Festmahl des siebenten internationalen Physiologen-Congresses in der Stadthalle zu Heidelberg am 16 August 1907 , Heidelberg : Universitäts-Buchdruckerei von J. Hörning . A copy is preserved in the Institute of Physiology, Liége.
  • Richet , C. 1910 . L'humorisme ancien et l'humorisme moderne . Pr. méd. , 18 : 729 – 733 . 1 Oct.
  • Richet , C. 1910 . Die Humorallehre in der alten und modernen Physiologie . Wien. med. Wschr. , 60 : 2353 – 2366 . [=Authorized translation of the address, “L'humorisme ancien et l'humorisme moderne.”]
  • Richet , C. 1923 . Les voies non sensorielles de la connaissance, et la méthode expérimentale . Quart. J. exp. Physiol. , : 24 – 38 .
  • Richet , C. 1929 . Le 13e Congr`es International de Physiologie Harvard University (Aoˆut 1929) . Progr. méd., Paris , 56 : 2011 – 2015 .
  • Rijnberk G. van “Le IXe Congr`es International des Physiologistes `a Groningue, 2–6 Sept. 1913.” “Aperçu du Développement de la Physiologie en Hollande Ned. Tijdschr. Geneesk. 1913 57 ii 609 610 (four text-figs., eleven plates) 611–622 respectively
  • Roger , H. 1936–7 . Letters about the First Congress
  • Roskam , J. 1935 . Léon Fredericq (1851–1935) . Bull. Ass. Amis de l'Univ. de Liége , : 229 – 238 . October
  • Sharpey-Schafer , E. 1927 . History of the Physiological Society during its First Fifty Years 1876–1926 . J. Physiol. , suppl., December
  • Sherrington , C.S. 1937 . Letters and personal communications about the foundation of the Congresses and other matters
  • Slosse , A. 1904 . Compte rendu du VIe congr`es international de Physiologie (30 Aoˆut-3 Septembre 1904) . Arch. int. Physiol. , 2 : 5 – 166 . [separate pagination]
  • Söderbaum , H.G. 1926 . Some notes of Carl Wilhelm Scheele . Skand. Arch. Physiol. , 49 : 60 – 74 . Contains photographs of the Twelfth Congress medal
  • Solandt , D.Y. International Physiological Congress. Meeting in the U.S.S.R. Nature , Vol. 136 , pp. 571 – 574 .
  • Various Authors . 1913 . Ned. Tijdschr. Geneesk. , 57 ( ii ) : 609 – 728 . Nummer uitgegeven ter Gelegenheid van het IXe Internationale Physiologen-Congres. Gronigen, 2–7 Sept. 1913. Contains, inter alia, the two articles by van Rijnberk, and photographs of the Congress medal
  • Various authors . 1933 . Arch. Sci. biol., Napoli , 18 containing: 1–2. Bottazzi, F., “Atti del XIV Congresso internazionale di Fisiologia”; 3–14. Hill, A. V., “Energy exchanges in muscle and nerve Myothermic and neurothermic experiments”; 15–29. Pavlov, I. P., “Die Physiologie der höchsten Nerventätigkeit”; 30–39. Karrer, P., “Ueber Carotinoide und Vitamin-A.” ; 41-end. “Sunti delle communicazioni scientifiche.”
  • Various authors . 1934 . Keith Lucas , Cambridge : W. Heffer and Sons, Ltd. .
  • Various Authors . 1938 . Proceedings of the XVth International Physiological Congress, Leningrad—Moscow, August 9th to 16th 1935 . Sechenov J. Physiol., U.S.S.R. , 21 ( 5–6 ) This volume appeared too late to be used in the writing of the history of the XVth Congress
  • Various writers . Series of letters, manuscripts, and other documents relating to the Thirteenth Congress . deposited by Dr. F. S. Lee in the Library of the College of Medicine of Columbia University, New York City. These documents have not been seen by the present writer
  • Vaschide N. Un congr`es de physiologie. (Ve Congr`es international, Turin, 17–21 Septembre 1901) Revue universelle 1902 1 67 70 February Contains portraits of Fredericq, Sherrington, Waller, Langley, Flechsig, Verworn, Langendorff, Kronecker, Mosso, Luciani, Marey, and Chauveau
  • Vincent , Swale . 1927 . Current views on ‘internal secretion’ . Physiol. Rev. , 7 : 288 – 319 .
  • Zuntz , N. 1895 . Vom internationalen Physiologencongress in Bern . Berl. klin. Wschr. , 32 : 863 – 863 .
  • Zwaardemaker H. Particuliere correspondentie Ned. Tijdschr. Geneesk. 1892 28 ii 450 453 See also Hamburger, H. J. (1892) 2 s. 487–494

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