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Original Articles

An overlooked autograph letter of Galileo on the thermometer

Pages 457-462 | Published online: 22 Aug 2006

  • Wolf , A . 1950 . A History of Science, Technology and Philosophy in the 16th and 17th centuries , 2nd ed. , 82 – 83 . London : Allen and Unwin . A. C. Crombie, Medieval and Early Modern Science, 2 vols., Garden City, N.Y., Doubleday, 1959, vol. ii, p. 249; Lloyd W. Taylor, Physics, the pioneer science, 2 vols., N.Y., Dover, 1959, vol. i, p. 250. The one statement of Galileo's that is usually mentioned is an undated fragment in the Opere di Galileo Galilei, Edizione Nazionale, ed. A. Favaro, 20 vols., Florence, G. Barbera, 1890–1909, 1929–1939, 1968, henceforth Opere, vol. viii, p. 634. Later we shall consider the documents of Galileo's disciples except those of Sagredo, which are not relevant to the discussion and which can be found in Opere, vol. xi, nos. 873, and 906, respectively p. 506 and p. 545; vol. xii, nos. 1078, 1096 and 1108, respectively pp. 139–140, pp. 157–158, and pp. 167–169.
  • Opere , xiii ( 1776 ) 319 – 320 .
  • Opere , xiii ( 1776 ) 320 – 320 . 1.12–18: ‘As to the flux and reflux mentioned by you, I should gladly hear about its course, which, from my part, I do not believe that it can depend on any celestial cause other than in the heating up of the air during the day and in its cooling down at night. The choice of salt water I believe to be a mystification, for sweet water would do as well; and a like trick (scherzo) I myself did 20 years ago in Padua. It has, however, nothing to do with the flux and reflux of the sea except in the name arbitrarily imposed upon it by its maker’.
  • As, for example, by Knowles Middleton W.E. A History of the Thermometer and Its use in Meteorology Johns Hopkins Press Baltimore 1966 in his interesting
  • Opere , xiii ( 1772 ) 316 – 317 .
  • Opere , xi ( 652 ) 269 – 269 . The King is James I.
  • Opere , xi ( 655 ) 275 – 276 . Contrary to what Lynn Thorndike says in his A History of Magic and Experimental Science, N.Y., Columbia University Press, 1958, vol. viii, The 17th century, p. 495, these is no mention of ‘equidistant diagonal lines’ in either of Antonini's letters to Galileo.
  • See Michel H. de Le mouvement perpetuel de Drebbel Physis 1961 4 205 212 and 1971, 13, 289–294.
  • Opere , x ( 412 ) 448 – 449 .
  • Tymme , Thomas . 1612 . A Dialogue Philosophicall … 60 – 61 . London from W. E. Knowles Middleton (footnote 4), p. 19.
  • Opere , xvii ( 3786 ) 377 – 377 .
  • Viviani , Vincenzo . Vita de Galileo Galilei, Opere , xix 606 – 607 .
  • Opere , xiii ( 1782 ) 326 – 326 . and 1784 and pp. 327–328. The only important point in these letters is that Galileo and Marsili agree that as a demonstration of the sea tides the ampullae are useless.
  • Knowles Middleton . 1966 . A History of the Thermometer and Its use in Meteorology , 5 – 6 . Baltimore : Johns Hopkins Press . and pp. 28–39; see also his The Experimenters, a Study of the Accademia del Cimento, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press, 1971.

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