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Annals of Science Volume 36, 1979 - Issue 1
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Guild organisation and the instrument-making trade, 1550–1830: the Grocers' and Clockmakers' Companies

Joyce Brown Department of Civil Engineering, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, England
Pages 1-34 | Received 17 May 1978, Published online: 14 Aug 2006

  • Taylor , E.G.R. 1954 . Mathematical practitioners of Tudor and Stuart England Vol. 20 , 166 – 166 . Cambridge
  • Geminus , Thomas . 1545 . Compendiosa totius anatomie delineatio London composed from Andreas Vesalius, De humani corporis fabrica libri septem, and De humani corporis fabrica librorum epitome (both publ. Basle, 1543).
  • Astrolabe in the Observatoire Royal de Belgique (Central National d'Histoire des Sciences, Inventaire des instruments scientifiques historiques conservés en Belgique Brussels 1959–60 85 85 pt. 1 (1959)
  • Humfray Cole, Map of the Holy Land in the Bishop's Bible (fol. ed. 1572). Reproduced in Hind A.M. Engraving in England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Part I. The Tudor period Cambridge 1952 Plate 45
  • Gunther , R.T. 1923 . Early science in Oxford Vol. 1 , 87 – 87 . Oxford pt. 2
  • Adams , Robert . 1588 . Expeditionis Hispanorum in Angliam vera descriptio The plates were sold along with P. Ubaldini, A discourse concerning the Spanish fleete invadinge England in the year 1588, … written in Italian … and translated for A. Ryther; unto the which discourse are annexed certaine tables expressinge the several exploites, and conflictes had with the said fleete (London, 1590). They are reproduced in [P. Ubaldini], Lord Howard of Effingham and the Spanish Armada with exact facsimiles of the tables of Augustin Ryther, A.D. 1590 (London, Roxburghe Club, 1919).
  • Righini Bonelli , M.L. 1968 . Il Museo di Storia della Scienza a Firenze 182 – 182 . Florence
  • The theodolite is an improved version of Digges's Topographical Instrument, described by his son Thomas in Digges Leonard A geometrical practise named Pantometria … lately finished by Thomas Digges, his sonne London 1571
  • Brown , Joyce . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 60 – 61 . London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • Brown , Joyce . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 62 – 65 . London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • Unwin , G. 1957 . Industrial organization in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries , facsimile ed. 1 – 14 . London first publ. 1904
  • 1884 . Royal Commission on the Livery Companies of the City of London, Report and appendix Vol. 1 , 12 – 12 . London
  • See Unwin G. The Gilds and Companies of London , facsimile ed. London 1963 first published 1908); W. Herbert, The history of the twelve great Livery Companies of London (London, 1834–37), vol. 1, 1–224; Toulmin Smith, English gilds (London, 1870); Sylvia L. Thrupp, ‘The Gilds’, chapter 5 of M. M. Postan, E. E. Rich and E. Miller (eds.), The Cambridge economic history of Europe, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1963), 230–280; and Royal Commission on the Livery Companies (footnote 12), vol. 1, p. 10 et seq.
  • Unwin , G. 1963 . The Gilds and Companies of London , facsimile ed. 245 – 247 . London and W. Cunningham, Alien immigrants to England (London, 1897), 142–143, 176–181.
  • Cunningham . 1963 . The Gilds and Companies of London , facsimile ed. 147 – 147 . London
  • Acts of Lord Mayor's Court, 16 May 17 Henry VIII and 20 January 17 Henry VIII; and Bohun William Privilegia Londini: or, the laws, customs, and priviledges of the City of London London 1702 94 96
  • Act of Lord Mayor's Court, 1 August 3 & 4 Philip and Mary Bohun Privilegia Londini: or, the laws, customs, and priviledges of the City of London London 1702 99 103
  • Bohun . 1702 . Privilegia Londini: or, the laws, customs, and priviledges of the City of London 115 – 116 . London
  • 1884 . Royal Commission on the Livery Companies of the City of London, Report and appendix Vol. 1 , 21 – 21 . London
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 24 – 24 . London : Science Museum Monograph . 58–60
  • 1884 . Royal Commission on the Livery Companies of the City of London, Report and appendix Vol. 1 , 21 – 21 . London
  • 1884 . Royal Commission on the Livery Companies of the City of London, Report and appendix Vol. 1 , 23 – 23 . London
  • Hind . 1952 . Engraving in England in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Part I. The Tudor period 41 – 41 . Cambridge quotes two references to Thomas Geminus in the Stationers' Company records for 1555 and 1556.
  • 1884 . Royal Commission on the Livery Companies of the City of London, Report and appendix Vol. 2 , 135 – 135 . London
  • 1884 . Royal Commission on the Livery Companies of the City of London, Report and appendix Vol. 2 , 149 – 149 . London
  • Baron John Benjamin Heath . 1829 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Grocers of the City of London 63 – 105 . London Herbert (footnote 13), 314–319.
  • Heath . 1829 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Grocers of the City of London 125 – 137 . London
  • 1884 . Royal Commission on the Livery Companies of the City of London, Report and appendix Vol. 2 , 135 – 135 . London
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 24 – 29 . London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • 1579–92 . Grocers' Company, Wardens' Accounts , ff. 91 – ff. 91 . Guildhall Library . Ms. 11571/7 246.
  • Colvin , Sidney . 1905 . Early engraving and engravers in England 28 – 28 . London
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 10 – 10 . London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • 1591–1616 . Grocers' Company, Court Minutes , f. 450 – f. 450 . Guildhall Library . Ms. 11588/2
  • 1591–1616 . Grocers' Company, Court Minutes f. 659 – f. 659 . Ms. 11588/2
  • Grantham , W. , ed. 1907 . List of the Wardens of the Grocers' Company from 1345–1907 London
  • Grocers' Company Transcripts of Charters , ff. 49 – ff. 49 . Guildhall Library . Ms. 11637 58.
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 26 – 27 . London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • Atkins , S.E. and Overall , W.H. 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 1 – 2 . London
  • Atkins , S.E. and Overall , W.H. 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 1 – 19 . London Clockmakers' Company, copy of charter of incorporation, bye-laws, etc. (indexed) compiled c. 1717?, Ms. 3950. Guildhall Library.
  • Atkins and Overall . 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 22 – 48 . London and clauses V, XIX, XXXIV, XXXV, LIII.
  • Atkins and Overall . 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 37 – 37 . London (Clause XXXVII), 55–57; Repertory 49, f. 345; Repertory 51, ff. 18b-21. Corporation of London Records Office.
  • 1632–80 . Clockmaker's Company, Court Minutes , f. 10 – f. 10 . Guildhall Library . Ms. 2710/1
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 13 – f. 13 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 13 – f. 13 . paper bound between ff. 18 and 19
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 24 – 25 . London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • Clockmakers' Company, abstract and index to the journals etc., by Clarke Henry Ms. 3975 Guildhall Library 1813 f. 35 f. 35 and 1816
  • Clockmakers' Company, abstract and index to the journals etc., by Clarke Henry 1813 38 38 and 1816
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 13 – f. 13 .
  • Arber , Edward , ed. 1875–94 . A transcript of the registers of the Stationers of London, 1554–1640 A.D. Vol. 1 , 6b – 6b . London 5 vols. 1875
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 42 – f. 42 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 48 – f. 48 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 63 – f. 63 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 ff. 167 – ff. 167 . 169
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 187 – f. 187 .
  • 1680 . Clockmakers's Company, Court Minutes , f. 180 – f. 180 . Guildhall Library . 1-99, Ms. 2710/2,
  • Taylor , E.G.R. 1954 . Mathematical practitioners of Tudor and Stuart England Vol. 20 , 292 – 293 . Cambridge
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • Ms. 2710/1 ff. 185 – ff. 185 . 199. Many of them are mentioned in Taylor (footnote 1).
  • Clockmakers' Company, manuscript history by Clarke Henry Ms. 3974 Guildhall Library 1813 f. 22 f. 22
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 213 – f. 213 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 ff. 406 – ff. 406 . 429
  • Ms. 2710/2 f. 180 – f. 180 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 ff. 307 – ff. 307 . 308
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 308 – f. 308 .
  • The feast cost £45 17s. 0d. in 1694 Ms. 2710/2 f. 162b f. 162b
  • Ms. 2710/2 f. 86b – f. 86b .
  • Ms. 2710/2 ff. 42b – 43 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 187 – f. 187 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 189 – f. 189 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 234 – f. 234 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 243 – f. 243 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 ff. 250 – ff. 250 . 264, 272, 284
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 284 – f. 284 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 412 – f. 412 .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 408 – f. 408 . Ms. 2710/2, ff. 49, 69b, 73; Clockmakers' Company, Court Minutes, 1699–1729, Ms. 2710/3, ff. 29, 30b.
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 26 – 27 . London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 356 – f. 356 .
  • 1668–92 . Grocers' Company, Court Minutes , f. 708 – f. 708 . Guildhall Library . Ms. 11588/5
  • Ms. 2710/2 f. 205 – f. 205 .
  • Ms. 2710/2 f. 104b – f. 104b .
  • Ms. 2710/2 f. 146 – f. 146 .
  • Ms. 2710/2 f. 178 – f. 178 .
  • Ms. 2710/2 f. 194 – f. 194 .
  • Ms. 2710/2 f. 17 – f. 17 .
  • Ms. 2710/2 f. 185 – f. 185 .
  • Atkins and Overall . 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 60 – 64 . London Clockmakers' Company, charter, bye-laws, etc., Ms. 3942, documents 6, 7, 8. Guildhall Library.
  • Atkins and Overall . 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 65 – 67 . London Ms. 2710/1, f. 417.
  • Ms. 2710/2 ff. 116 – 116b .
  • Ms. 2710/1 f. 258 – f. 258 . Atkins and Overall (footnote 44), 130.
  • Ms. 2710/2 f. 178 – f. 178 .
  • Ms. 2710/3 ff. 50 – 50b .
  • Atkins and Overall . 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 115 – 126 . London Ms. 2710/2, ff. 167, 188; Journal of Common Council, vol. 52, ff. 97–97b, Corporation of London Records Office.
  • 9 and 10 William III, c. 28, section 2; Atkins Overall Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers London 1881 259 261
  • 1729–78 . Clockmakers' Company, Court Minutes Ms. 2710/4, ff. 435b–438. Guildhall Library.
  • 1778–1804 . Clockmakers' Company, Court Minutes Ms. 2710/5, ff. 137b–141b. Guildhall Library.
  • Ms. 2710/3 f. 125b – f. 125b .
  • Ms. 2710/4 ff. 158 – ff. 158 . 162b, 273-274
  • Atkins and Overall . 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 128 – 130 . London Journal of Common Council, vol. 63, ff. 314–316, Corporation of London Records Office.
  • 2710/5 ff. 125 – 125b .
  • 1804–15 . Clockmakers' Company, Court Minutes Ms. 2710/6, ff. 199b–202, 209–213b. Guildhall Library.
  • Atkins and Overall . 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 142 – 142 . London Ms. 2710/6, ff. 344b–347.
  • 1816–17 . Clockmakers' Company, Minute book of the Committee appointed for the Affairs of Freeman and Apprentices , Guildhall Library . Ms. 2729, note appended to minutes of 23 Oct. 1816.
  • Ms. 3974
  • Atkins and Overall . 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 137 – 146 . London Ms. 2710/6, ff. 351–351b.
  • Atkins and Overall . 1881 . Some account of the Worshipful Company of Clockmakers 146 – 147 . London Ms. 2729, note appended to minutes of 23 October 1816.
  • Ms. 2729 minutes of 25 November 1817; and Clockmakers' Company, Court Minutes, 1815–28, Ms. 2710/7, ff. 30b, 34, 77–81b, 87–88b.
  • Clockmakers' Company, volume containing lists of apprentices, etc., artificial compilation , ff. 23 – 26 . Guildhall Library . Ms. 3939
  • Ms. 3974 f. 21 – f. 21 .
  • Ms. 3974 f. 21 – f. 21 .
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 15 – 15 . London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • 1884 . Royal Commission on the Livery Companies of the City of London, Report and appendix Vol. 2 , 145 – 145 . London
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 40 – 41 . London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • 1884 . Royal Commission on the Livery Companies of the City of London, Report and appendix Vol. 2 , 148 – 148 . London
  • Grantham . 1907 . List of the Wardens of the Grocers' Company from 1345–1907 London
  • 1738–78 . Grocers' Company, Court Minutes , ff. 420 – ff. 420 . Guildhall Library . Ms. 11588/7 423
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , 41 – 41 . London : Science Museum Monograph .
  • See Kellett J.R. The breakdown of gild and corporation control over the handicraft and retail trade in London Economic history review 1957–58 10 2 381 394
  • Court , T.H. and von Rohr , M. 1929–30 . Contributions to the history of the Worshipful Company of Spectaclemakers . Transactions of the Optical Society , 31 : 53 – 70 .
  • Campbell , Tony . 1973 . “ ‘The Drapers’ Company and its school of seventeenth century chart-makers ” . In My head is a map. Essays and memoirs in honour of R. V. Tooley Edited by: Wallis , Helen and Tyacke , Sarah . 81 – 106 . London in
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , London : Science Museum Monograph . for example, pp, 15–18.
  • Brown . 1978 . Mathematical instrument-makers in the Grocers' Company, 1688–1830, with notes on some earlier makers , London : Science Museum Monograph . for example, Table II, pp, 22–23.

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