- McDonald , D. 1960 . A history of platinum: from the earliest times to the eighteen-eighties London contains the essential information on the chemistry and metallurgy of platinum over the period in question.
- Proust , J.L. 1800 . Expériences sur le platine . Ann. chim. , 38 : 146 – 173 . 225–247
- von Mussin-Puschkin , A. 1798 . Quelques nouvelles observations et expériences sur le platine . Ann. chim. , 28 : 85 – 86 .
- Knight , R. 1800 . A new and expeditious process for rendering platina malleable . Phil. mag. , 6 ( 1 ) : 1 – 3 .
- Cameron , R. 1967 . Banking in the early stages of industrialization 38 – 38 . Oxford
- Tennant had inherited a sizeable fortune after the death of his father in 1772 and his mother in 1783; see Wales A.E. The life and work of Smithson Tennant University of Leeds 1940 unpublished thesis part II, 9–13. Wollaston had received a gift of £8,000 in 1799 from his older brother (see Melvyn C. Usselman, ‘The Wollaston/Chenevix controversy over the elemental nature of palladium: a curious episode in the history of chemistry’, Ann. sci., 35 (1978), 551–579 (p. 577)).
- The frustration experienced by those who worked with platinum was recorded by Chabaneau's patron, who one day ‘found Chabaneau in a frenzy engaged in throwing out the doors and windows his dishes, flasks and ores, as well as all the solutions of platinum which he had prepared with so much trouble and difficulty, saying “Away with it all! I'll smash the whole business; you shall never again get me to touch the damned metal”, and in fact he broke up all the apparatus of the laboratory’ (see McDonald A history of platinum: from the earliest times to the eighteen-eighties London 1960 69 69
- Although Wollaston and Tennant were financial partners in the platinum venture, the chemical investigation and technical production of malleable platinum were carried out by Wollaston alone. See, for an overview Usselman Melvyn C. The platinum notebooks of William Hyde Wollaston Plat. met ver. 1978 22 100 106 Tennant assumed major responsibility for other chemical endeavours, and analysed that part of the platina ore that was insoluble in dilute aqua regia, discovering osmium and iridium in 1804.
- See, for a study on this theme Morrell J.B. Individualism and the structure of British science in 1830 Hist. stud. phys. sci. 1971 3 183 204
- Cole , A.C. 1953 . Enterprise and secular change Edited by: Lane , F.C. and Riemersma , J.C. 187 – 187 . Homewood
- Wilson , C. 1957 . The entrepreneur in the Industrial Revolution in Britain . History , 42 : 101 – 117 . (p.103)
- In France, the Janetys. father and son. continued to produce and sell malleable platinum articles, and thus must have been in competition with Wollaston for the purchase of crude platina (see McDonald A history of platinum: from the earliest times to the eighteen-eighties London 1960 127 136
- Watson , W. 1751 . Several papers concerning a new semi-metal, called platina… . Phil. trans. Roy. Soc. London , 46 : 584 – 596 .
- See McDonald A history of platinum: from the earliest times to the eighteen-eighties London 1960 17 20 for a more thorough discussion of the platina of New Granada, together with reference to primary source material.
- See McDonald A history of platinum: from the earliest times to the eighteen-eighties London 1960 61 61 This weight of platina probably represents the total accumulated and stored up to 1778, and is not indicative of the yearly production. It is even possible that some of the ore previously discarded in rivers was recovered for ‘sale’ to the mints.
- 1824 . Reports of the Secretaries of State of the Republic of Colombia, First Constitutional Congress in the year 1823 78 – 78 . London quoted in W. P. McGreevey, An economic history of Colombia, 1845–1930 (1971, Cambridge), 41.
- Thorpe , Edward . 1911 . Essays in historical chemistry , third edition 577 – 577 . London
- McDonald . 1960 . A history of platinum: from the earliest times to the eighteen-eighties 72 – 72 . London
- Restrepo , V. 1952 . Estudio sobre las minas de oro y plata de Colombia Bogota quoted in McGreevey (footnote 17), 46. Colombia was the richest source of gold in the Spanish colonies, and in the 18th century produced one-quarter of total world output.
- McGreevey . 1824 . Reports of the Secretaries of State of the Republic of Colombia, First Constitutional Congress in the year 1823 29 – 29 . London
- Usselman . 1978 . The platinum notebooks of William Hyde Wollaston . Plat. met. rer. , 22 : 102 – 102 .
- McDonald . 1960 . A history of platinum: from the earliest times to the eighteen-eighties 130 – 132 . London
- McDonald . 1960 . A history of platinum: from the earliest times to the eighteen-eighties 121 – 121 . London It was John Johnson's eldest surviving son, Percival Norton, who in 1822 moved his own growing assaying business to 79 Hatton Garden, eventually expanding to become Johnson, Matthey and Co. Ltd., currently one of the world's major refiners and distributors of platinum metals. For further information see Donald McDonald, The Johnsons of Maiden Lane (1964, London); and, recently, L. B. Hunt, ‘George Matthey and the building of the platinum industry’, Plat. met. rev., 23 (1979), 68–77.
- Gilbert , L.F. 1952 . W. H. Wollaston Mss at Cambridge . Notes rec. Roy. Soc. Lon. , 9 : 311 – 332 . (p. 318)
- Usselman . 1978 . The platinum notebooks of William Hyde Wollaston . Plat. met. ver. , 22 : 102 – 102 .
- W. H. Wollaston Manuscripts (Mss. Add. 7736), Notebook D. iii. , Cambridge University Library .
- Cambridge University Library . W. H. Wollaston Manuscripts (Mss. Add. 7736), Notebook D. iii. Notebook B 2, facing p. 8.
- Cambridge University Library . W. H. Wollaston Manuscripts (Mss. Add. 7736), Notebook D, iii. Notebook E, 25a–25d.
- Usselman . 1978 . The platinum notebooks of William Hyde Wollaston . Plat. met. rer. , 22 : 103 – 103 .
- This interpretation of the entries on the sheet of paper in notebook E differs from that previously offered; see Usselman The platinum notebooks of William Hyde Wollaston Plat. met. rer. 1978 22 102 102
- Cambridge University Library . W. H. Wollaston Manuscripts (Mss. Add. 7736) Notebook B 2, facing p. 6
- Cambridge University Library . W. H. Wollaston Manuscripts (Mss. Add. 7736) Notebook E, 25
- Knight . 1800 . A new and expeditious process for rendering platina malleable . Phil. mag. , 6 ( 1 ) : 1 – 3 .
- Brief biographical sketches of Bollman are available in Biographisches Lexicon Berlin 1962 1 615 615 and Dictionary of American biography, vol. 1 (1957, New York), 421–422
- McDonald . 1952 . W. H. Wollaston Mss at Cambridge . Notes rec. Roy. Soc. Lon. , 9 : 78 – 78 .
- Cambridge University Library . W. H. Wollaston Manuscripts (Mss. Add. 7736) Notebook Diary, 32.
- Usselman . 1978 . The platinum notebooks of William Hyde Wollaston . Plat. met. rer. , 22 : 104 – 104 .
- For most of the boilers sold, Wollaston designed the boiler to meet the specific requirements of each purchaser. He then arranged for capable metal workers to construct the boiler to design specifications from malleable sheet platinum. The final price of the boiler was obtained by summing the cost of the platinum used (at 15 shillings per ounce), and the construction costs. See Usselman The platinum notebooks of William Hyde Wollaston Plat. met. rer. 1978 22 105 105
- February 1810 . Letter from Wollaston to Farmer February , London 14 now in the Library of the Science Museum, London (Ms. 3d-14)
- See Gilbert W. H. Wollaston Mss at Cambridge Notes rec. Roy. Soc. Lon. 1952 9 322 322
- Usselman . 1978 . The platinum notebooks of William Hyde Wollaston . Plat. met. rer. , 22 : 103 – 103 .
- Mathias , Peter . 1969 . The first industrial nation 137 – 137 . London
- Wollaston , W.H. 1829 . On a method of rendering platina malleable . Phil. trans. Roy. Soc. London , 119 : 1 – 8 . The published process was read to the Royal Society as the Bakerian lecture on 20 November 1828, when Wollaston's death (on 22 December) was imminent.
- Granville , A.B. 1836 . The Royal Society in the XIXth century 70 – 70 . London
- For a full account of the controversy and its resolution, see Usselman The Wollaston/Chenevix controversy over the elemental nature of palladium: a curious episode in the history of chemistry Ann. Sci. 1978 35 551 579 A study of Chenevix's motives for initiating the controversy is available in P. A. W. Dean and M. C. Usselman, ‘The “synthetic” palladium of Richard Chenevix: a verdict on the chemist and the chemistry’, Ambix, (2) 26 (1979), 100–115.
- de Solla Price , Derek J. 1965 . Is technology historically independent of science? A study in statistical historiography . Tech. cult. , 6 : 553 – 568 . (p. 561)
- Usselman . 1978 . The platinum notebooks of William Hyde Wollaston . Plat. met. rer. , 22 : 104 – 104 .
- Baruel , M. 1822 . Process for procuring pure platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, and osmium, from the ores of platinum . Quart. j. sci. lit. arts , 12 : 246 – 262 . (p. 246). Perhaps John Johnson, or some other agent working on behalf of Wollaston, was one of the London merchants negotiating for the importation of Colombian platina.
- Henao , J.M. and Arrubla , G. 1938 . History of Colombia 366 – 367 . Chapel Hill (trans. and ed. J. F. Rippy) Zea died in Bath, England in September, 1822.
- Cambridge University Library . W. H. Wollaston Manuscripts (Mss. Add. 7736) Notebook F, (3).
- Cambridge University Library . W. H. Wollaston Manuscripts (Mss. Add. 7736) (4)
- Hunt . 1979 . George Matthey and the building of the platinum industry . Plat. met. rev. , 23 : 71 – 71 .
Annals of Science
Volume 37, 1980 - Issue 3