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Aldous Huxley and the Sheldonian hypothesis

Pages 657-671 | Received 26 Jul 1979, Published online: 23 Aug 2006

  • First published in England in Windus London 1945 All page references to this and other works by Huxley are to the standard Chatto and editions
  • Spencer , W. 1971 . The cosmic riddle , University of Sussex . Dr Spencer wishes to acknowledge that his detailed investigation of the parallel between Sheldon's theories and the fictional characters in Time must have a stop followed a suggestion made by Matej Muzina, a Yugoslav scholar.
  • Published in Huxley Aldous Themes and variations London 1954
  • Calcraft , L.G.A. 1976 . Aldous Huxley's philosophical quest as revealed in the later fiction , University of Leeds . Ph.D.
  • Huxley's writings have been conveniently grouped into the so-called pre- and post-conversion phases, with the transition occurring in the mid 1930s. Many of his best known works, such as Point counter point 1928 and Brave new world (1932), belong to the earlier phase. Critics have been less enthusiastic about works of the later phase, with the notable exception of the first, Eyeless in Gaza (1936); although Huxley regarded Time must have a stop (1944) as his best novel, and his last, Island (1962), continues to be popular.
  • The information is drawn from Sheldon W.H. The varieties of temperament New York and London 1942 26 26
  • For example Child I.L. The relation of somatotype to self-ratings on Sheldon's temperamental traits Journal of personality 1949–50 18 440 453 C. C. Seltzer et alii, ‘The relationship between Sheldonian somatotype and psychotype’, Journal of personality, 16 (1947–48), 431–436; and H. C. Smith, ‘Psychometric checks on hypotheses derived from Sheldon's work on physique and temperament’, Journal of personality, 17 (1948–49), 310–320. See also the later and more critical article: L. G. Humphreys, ‘Characteristics of type concepts with special reference to Sheldon's typology’, Psychol. bull., 54 (1957), 218–228.
  • See Spencer W. The cosmic riddle University of Sussex 1971 171 176
  • Veronica Thwale has a passion for privacy and secrecy Time must have a stop 73 73 and 75): this is cerebrotonic trait C4. She is viewed by Sebastian as mysterious and unpredictable: this is an aspect of trait C6. She has a low musical voice (p. 193), and a delicate little grunt of laughter (p. 149): this is trait C13, ‘vocal restraint’. She is a poor sleeper (p. 224): cerebrotonic trait C15. Her ectomorphy is suggested by her ‘beautifully sculptured mouth’ and her small breasts (p. 116), and confirmed by her ‘slender’ arms (p. 232).
  • 1945 . Time must have a stop , 38 – 38 . London : Windus .
  • 1945 . Time must have a stop , 121 – 121 . London : Windus .
  • Cacciaguida, as he is portrayed on p. 33, is an interesting and quite obviously intentional example of the phenomenon which Sheldon calls gynandromorphy, the possession of physical traits normally associated with the opposite sex. This appears to be combined with a degree of dysplasia, or disharmony between different regions of the same physique. See Sheldon W.H. The varieties of human physique New York and London 1940 68 68 and 72
  • As Huxley's protagonist, Rivers, muses, youth is quickly past, ‘…and for the next forty years you degenerate into one or other of the varieties of human gorilla. The spindly gorilla—that's you. Or the leather-faced variety—that's me. Or else it's the successful business-man type of gorilla—you know, the kind that looks like a baby's bottom with false teeth …’ The genius and the goddess London 1955 49 49
  • On at least two occasions in his correspondence, however, Huxley shows an awareness of the continuous nature of the Sheldonian distributions (see Letters of Aldous Huxley Smith Grover London 1969 655 655 and 845)
  • For a treatment of the Sheldonian aspects of these works, see Calcraft L.G.A. Aldous Huxley's philosophical quest as revealed in the later fiction University of Leeds 1976 Ph.D. chs. V, VIII, IX. The unfinished novel consists of a single chapter only, and was first published in Laura Archera Huxley, This timeless moment (London, 1969).
  • See Huxley Julian Essays of a humanist Harmondsworth 1966 137 137
  • 1944 . Who are you? . Harper's magazine , November : 512 – 522 .
  • Huxley , Julian , ed. 1965 . Aldous Huxley 1894–1963. A memorial volume 119 – 119 . London
  • Editorial footnote to an article by Huxley entitled Learning to get out of the way This I believe Morgan E.P. New York 1952 81 82 in
  • 1969 . Letters of Aldous Huxley 516 – 516 . London
  • Dick , Kay , ed. 1972 . Writers at work 166 – 166 . Harmondsworth
  • 1969 . Letters of Aldous Huxley 547 – 547 . London
  • 1945 . Time must have a stop , 234 – 235 . London : Windus .
  • See Bowering Peter Aldous Huxley London 1968 167 167 et seq.
  • Huxley , Aldous . 1964 . The doors of perception 16 – 16 . London
  • This law was first enunciated by Huxley's protagonist Bill Propter in After many a summer London 1939 It may be seen in action in The devils of Loudun (London, 1952).
  • How strong was the grip of Sheldonian determinism in the lives of individuals in Huxley's view is suggested by a passage in his article ‘Who are you?’ Who are you? Harper's magazine November 1944 520 520 Of three men with the same high degree of somatotonia one may become a suavely efficient executive, another a professional soldier of the explosive, blood-and-guts variety, and the third a ruthless gangster. But each in his own way will be aggressive and power-loving, daring and energetic, extroverted and insensitive to other people's feelings. And no amount of training, no effort of the will, will serve to transform them into relaxed and indiscriminately amiable viscerotonics, or into inhibited, hyperattentional, and introverted cerebrotonics.
  • 1945 . Time must have a stop , 275 – 275 . London : Windus .
  • 1945 . Time must have a stop , 275 – 276 . London : Windus .
  • 1945 . Time must have a stop , 276 – 276 . London : Windus .
  • Sheldon , W.H. 1942 . The varieties of temperament 255 – 256 . New York and London
  • Huxley , Aldous . 1946 . The perennial philosophy London ch. VIII, ‘Religion and temperament’.
  • 1944 . Who are you? . Harper's magazine , November : 521 – 521 .
  • Sheldon , W.H. 1942 . The varieties of temperament 255 – 255 . New York and London
  • Reprinted in Vedanta for the western world Isherwood Christopher London 1963
  • 1946 . The perennial philosophy 175 – 175 . London
  • Isherwood , Christopher . 1963 . Vedanta for the western world 89 – 89 . London
  • 1946 . The perennial philosophy 181 – 181 . London
  • An essay on Maine de Biran first published in 1950 in the Themes and variations collection London 1954
  • 1954 . Themes and variations 146 – 146 . London
  • Isherwood , Christopher . 1963 . Vedanta for the western world 84 – 84 . London
  • 1970 . Literature and science; and science, liberty and peace 74 – 74 . London

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