- Trevor-Roper , Hugh . 1967 . “ The European Witch-Craze of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries ” . In Religion, the Reformation and Social Change 90 – 192 . London and Basingstoke this essay was also published as a book in 1969. References here are to the 1967 work. Page references are given in the text in parentheses.
- Thomas , Keith . 1971 . Religion and the Decline of Magic: Studies in popular beliefs in sixteenth and seventeenth century England London the chapters on witchcraft occupy pp. 435–583. Page references are given in the text in parentheses.
- Easlea , Brian . 1980 . Witch-hunting, Magic and the New Philosophy: An Introduction to Debates of the Scientific Revolution 1450–1750 Sussex Page references are given in the text in parentheses.
- Trevor-Roper . 168f – 168f . 146–8
- Thomas . chapters 14–18.
- Easlea . The Appropriation of Nature 196 – 252 . chapter 5
- This is contested by Clark Stuart The Scientific Status of Demonology Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance Vickers B.W. Cambridge 1984 351 374 in in but is attested by the case of John Webster, as set out in Thomas Harman Jobe, ‘The Devil in Restoration Science: The Glanvill-Webster Debate’, Isis, 72 (1981), 343–56.
- Thomas . 573 – 573 . Easlea, pp. 19–25. See also Sydney Anglo, ‘Reginald Scot's Discoverie of Witchcraft: Scepticism and Sadduceeism’, in The Damned Art, Essays in the Literature of Witchcraft, edited by Sydney Anglo, (London, Henley and Boston, 1977), pp. 106–39 (pp. 110–3, and note 8, p. 136).
- Trevor-Roper . 174 – 174 .
- Trevor-Roper . 173 – 173 .
- Kettner , F.E. 1694 . De Duobus Impostoribus, Benedicto Spinoza et Balthasare Bekkero Leipzig section 2:3.
- Trevor-Roper . 173 – 173 .
- Trevor-Roper . 173f – 173f .
- Thomas . 452 – 452 .
- van der Linde , A. 1869 . Balthasar Bekker Bibliographie The Hague
- Trevor-Roper . 210 – 210 .
- Beckher , G.H. 1721 . Schediasma Critico-Litterarium de Controversiis Balthasari Bekkero … motis Königsberg and Leipzig
- Beaumont , John . 1705 . Treatise of Spirits, … London translated into German in 1721.
- Binet , Benjamin . 1696 . Traité Historique des dieux et des démons Delft
- 1699 . Idée générale de la théologie payenne … servant de refutation au systeme de Mr. Bekker Amsterdam
- Hauber , Eberhard David . 1739 . Bibliotheca Acta et Scripta Magica 174 – 174 . Lemgo cited by Trevor-Roper
- 1969 . National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 Imprints Vol. XLIV , 157 – 157 . London
- 1694 . Le monde enchanté Amsterdam
- 1695 . The World Bewitched London
- 1700 . The World Turn'd Upside Down London
- De Duobus Impostoribus section 8.
- Trevor-Roper here cites Stoppa G.B. La religion des Hollondois Paris 1673 88 88
- Thomas . 167 – 171 .
- Trevor-Roper . 175 – 175 . 183
- Trevor-Roper . 175 – 175 .
- Hazard , Paul . 1953 . The European Mind (1680–1715) 175 – 175 . London
- Trevor-Roper . 174 – 174 .
- The World Bewitched (henceforth WB), preface to Book I, b5.
- WB , preface to Books II to IV.
- Cited by Hazard The European Mind (1680–1715) London 1953 171 171
- Trevor-Roper . 181 – 181 .
- WB , preface to Books II to IV. Stuart Clark, in ‘The Scientific Status of Demonology’ (see footnote 7), points out that the demonologists believed that demons acted through the laws of nature, and in keeping with their own natures, rather than supernaturally. For this, however, they needed bodies and physical powers; but, as Bekker rightly implied, there was no room for them to have either in a mechanistic universe. Indeed if the new philosophers' belief in universal regularities was correct, then the acts of demons could no longer be understood as within nature, but would be as supernatural as Scot had maintained (without benefit of mechanism) a century earlier.
- Kors , A.C. and Peters , E. 1973 . Witchcraft in Europe, 1100–1700 373 – 375 . London cited by Easlea, p. 219. Keith Hutchison has argued that the Scientific Revolution was readier to credit occult qualities as causes (‘What Happened to Occult Qualities in the Scientific Revolution’, Isis, 73 (1982), 233–53), and supernatural agency (‘Supernaturalism and the Mechanical Philosophy’, History of Science, 21(1983), 297–333) than, e.g., the Aristotelians had been. But this is only true as far as it relates to invisible but universal and regular causes, sometimes regarded as the direct expression of laws of nature impressed by the Creator; it does not serve to show that belief in other occult qualities and other supernatural activity did not decline.
- WB , Book II, sections 26–30.
- WB , Book III.
- WB , preface to Book I, b8.
- WB , Book I, sections 15–21.
- WB , Book II, sections 32f.; the quoted words are cited by Easlea, p. 218.
- Trevor-Roper . 174 – 174 .
- WB , preface to Book I, b8.
- WB , preface to Book I, b5f.
- Trevor-Roper . 182 – 182 . Trevor-Roper here accepts the verdict of Thomasius.
- Thomas . 577 – 581 .
- Trevor-Roper . 183 – 183 .
- WB , preface to Book I, b6f.; preface to Books II to IV.
- Attfield , Robin . 1978 . God and The Secular: A Philosophical Assessment of Secular Reasoning from Bacon to Kant 33 – 49 . Cardiff
- Attfield , Robin . 1983 . The Ethics of Environmental Concern Oxford and New York chapter 2 to 5 and 8
- Attfield . 1978 . God and The Secular: A Philosophical Assessment of Secular Reasoning from Bacon to Kant 15 – 33 . Cardiff 49–67
- See the passage from Sprat's History of the Royal Society London 1667 cited by Easlea at pp. 4 and 212.
- Thomas . 579 – 579 .
- Thomas . 579 – 579 .
- Attfield . 1978 . God and The Secular: A Philosophical Assessment of Secular Reasoning from Bacon to Kant 68 – 89 . Cardiff
- Thomas . 476f – 476f . For a study of the way in which demonology sometimes served an inversionary role, clarifying thereby the nature of ‘sound’ theology and politics, see Stuart Clark, ‘Inversion, Misrule and the Meaning of Witchcraft’, Past and Present, 87(1980), 98–127. I should not, however, endorse his view that world-views are beyond explanation and appraisal.
- Easlea . 130 – 130 . 158, etc.
- Trevor-Roper . 181 – 181 .
- Thomas . 663 – 663 . cited by Easlea, p. 201.
Annals of Science
Volume 42, 1985 - Issue 4