- Moyal , Ann . 1975 . Scientists in Nineteenth Century Australia: A Documentary History Sydney T.E. Burns and J. R. Skemp, editors, Van Diemen's Land Correspondents: Letters from R. C. Gunn, R. W. Lawrence, Jorgen Jorgenson, Sir John Franklin and others to Sir William J. Hooker (Lauceston, Tasmania, 1961).
- Blainey , Geoffrey . 1957 . A Centenary History of the University of Melbourne Melbourne H. E. Barff, Short Historical Account of the University of Sydney, 1852–1902 (Sydney, 1902).
- McAfee , Robert J. 1981 . Dawes's Meteorological journal Canberra
- Russell , H.J. 1888 . Astronomical and Meteorological Workers in New South Wales, 1788 to 1860 . Report of the First Meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science . 1888 , Sydney. pp. 45 – 94 .
- Savours , A. and McConnell , A. 1982 . The History of the Rossbank Observatory, Tasmania . Annals of Science , 39 : 527 – 564 .
- Art . 1958 . “ Astronomy ” . In The Australian Encyclopedia 1 – 1 . Sydney 278–86; W. J. Gibbs, The Origins of Australian Meteorology (Canberra, 1975); J. Gentilli, ‘A History of Meteorological and Climatological Studies in Australia’, University Studies in History, 5 (1) (1967), 54–88
- Flinders , Matthew . 1814 . Voyage to Terra Australis … in the Years 1801, 1802 and 1803 London Appendix II: ‘On the Errors of the Compass arising from Attractions within the Ship …’
- Savours and McConnell . 1982 . The History of the Rossbank Observatory, Tasmania . Annals of Science , 39 : 527 – 564 . For details of the wider research programme that led to the founding of the observatory, see J. Cawood, ‘The Magnetic Crusade: Science and Politics in Early Victorian Britain’, Isis, 70 (1979), 493–518.
- Art . “ Neumayer ” . In Australian Dictionary of Biography Vol. v , 329 – 331 .
- 1892 . Reports of the Gravity Survey Committee of the Royal Society of Victoria . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria , 5 : 218 – 221 . 6 (1893), 213–20. E. F. J. Love, ‘Observations with Kater's Invariable Pendulums made at Sydney during January and February, 1894’, ibid., 7 (1894), 1–18. Idem, ‘On the Value of Gravity at the Sydney Observatory’, Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 28 (1894), 62–64
- Gibbs . 1958 . “ Astronomy ” . In The Australian Encyclopedia Vol. 1 , 21 – 23 . Sydney
- Gibbs . 1958 . “ Astronomy ” . In The Australian Encyclopedia Vol. 1 , 21 – 23 . Sydney Also R. L. J. Ellery et al., Record of Results of Observations in Meteorology and Terrestrial Magnetism made at the Melbourne Observatory … (Melbourne, 1872–1911).
- Art . Wilson . Australian Dictionary of Biography , VI 419 – 420 .
- Art . Pell . Australian Dictionary of Biography , V 428 – 429 .
- Art . Smith . Australian Dictionary of Biography , VI 148 – 150 . See also Ever Reaping Something New: A Science Centenary, edited by D. Branagan and G. Holland (Sydney, 1985), chapters 2, 3.
- Lamb , Horace . 1879 . A Treatise on the Mathematical Theory of the Motion of Fluids Cambridge
- University of Adelaide, Council Minutes , Vol. 1 , 130 – 130 . University of Adelaide Archives . 164 W. G. K. Duncan and R. A. Leonard, The University of Adelaide, 1874–1974 (Adelaide, 1973), p. 9.
- See Lamb's preface to his Treatise
- Kay , H. 1849–50 . Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Van Diemen's Land , 1 : 83 – 87 . ibid., 144–53; ibid., 255–57; ibid., 2 (1852–54), 264–87; ibid., 297–307.
- e.g. Abbott R. The Maintenance of Energy Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 1888 1 12 20
- For a description of the new building at Sydney, see Threlfall R. On the New Physical Laboratory at the University of Sydney Report of the First Meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science Report of the First Meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science Sydney Report of the First Meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science Sydney 1888 95 105 reprinted in Building and Engineering Journal, 2 (February 1889), 86–97
- Thomson , J.J. 1932 . Sir Richard Threlfall (1861–1932) . Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society of London , 1 : 45 – 52 . R. E. Threlfall, ‘Sir Richard Threlfall G.B.E., F.R.S. (1861–1932): Some Personal Memories’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 16 (1961), 234–42; R. W. Home, ‘First Physicist of Australia: Richard Threlfall at the University of Sydney, 1886–1898’, Historical Records of Australian Science (forthcoming, December 1986).
- Threlfall , R. and Adair , J.F. 1889 . On the Velocity of Transmission through Sea-Water of Disturbances of Large Amplitude caused by Explosions . Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , 46 : 496 – 541 . Threlfall, ‘On Sensitive Galvanometers’, Philosophical Magazine, 5th series, 29 (1890), 508–10; ‘The Electrical Properties of Pure Substances. Part I: The Preparation of Pure Nitrogen and Attempts to Condense It’, Philosophical Magazine, 5th series, 35 (1893), 1–35; Threlfall, J. H. D. Brearley and J. B. Allen, ‘Researches on the Electrical Properties of Pure Substances’, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 56 (1894), 32–40; Threlfall and J. H. D. Brearley, ‘Researches on the Electrical Properties of Pure Substances. No. 1: The Electrical Properties of Pure Sulphur’, Philosophical Transcations of the Royal Society of London, A, 187 (1896), 57–150.
- Threlfall , R. and Pollock , J.A. 1899 . On a Quartz Thread Gravity Balance . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, A , 193 : 215 – 258 .
- Art . Lyle . Australian Dictionary of Biography , x 172 – 174 . T. R. Lyle, Electrician, 41 (1898), 816–18; 42 (1898–99), 72–74, 148–51; 43 (1899), 570–71.
- Osborne , W.A. 1920 . William Sutherland: A Biography Melbourne
- Andrade , E.N.daC. 1942–44 . William Henry Bragg, 1862–1942 . Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society of London , 4 : 277 – 292 . Dictionary of Scientific Biography, II (1970), 397–400; G. M. Caroe, William Henry Bragg, 1862–1942: Man and Scientist (Cambridge, 1978); R. W. Home, ‘W. H. Bragg and J. P. V. Madsen: Collaboration and Correspondence, 1905–1911’, Historical Records of Australian Science, 5(2)(1981), 1–29; R. W. Home, ‘The Problem of Intellectual Isolation in Scientific Life: W. H. Bragg and the Australian Scientific Community, 1886–1909’, ibid., 6(1) (1984), 19–30; J. G. Jenkin, ‘The Appointment of W. H. Bragg, F.R.S., to the University of Adelaide’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 40 (1985), 75–99.
- Pollock , J.A. “ The Ions of the Atmosphere ” . In Report of the Twelfth Meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, Brisbane, 1909 31 – 41 . (also in Science, 29 [1909], 919–28); ‘The Mobility of the Large Ions in the Air’, Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New South Wales, 43 (1909), 61–68; ‘The Nature of the Large Ions in the Air’, ibid., 198–203
- See Cawood The Magnetic Crusade: Science and Politics in Early Victorian Britain Isis 1979 70 493 518
- von Neumayer , G.B. 1867 . Discussion of the Meteorological and Magnetic Observations made at the Flagstaff Observatory, Melbourne … 1858–1863 Mannheim idem, Results of the Magnetic Survey of the Colony of Victoria during the Years 1858–1864 (Mannheim, 1869). Some of Neumayer's results were published in Australia, viz. Results of the Meteorological Observations taken in the Colony of Victoria … 1859–62; and of the Nautical Observations collected and discussed at the Flagstaff Observatory … 1858–62 (Melbourne, 1964)
- See et al. Record of Results of Observations in Meteorology and Terrestrial Magnetism made at the Melbourne Observatory Melbourne 1872–1911
- See Bibliography of Australian Publications in Physics to 1945 Home R.W. (in preparation)
- Threlfall , R. 1897 . On the Conversion of Electric Energy in Dielectrics . Physical Review , 4 : 457 – 479 . 5 (1897), 21–46, 65–74. J. G. Jenkin, ‘Frederick Soddy's 1904 Visit to Australia and the Subsequent Soddy-Bragg Correspondence: Isolation from Without and Within’, Historical Records of Australian Science, 6(2) (1985), 153–69
- Cambridge University Calendar for the Year 1896–1897 120 – 123 . A History of the Cavendish Laboratory, 1871–1910 (London, 1910); J. G. Crowther, The Cavendish Laboratory, 1874–1974 (London, 1974).
- 1961 . Record of the Science Research Scholars of the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851, 1891–1960 London Rhodes Scholarships: Record of Past Scholars, 1903–1945 (London, 1950).
- MacLeod , Roy . 1982 . On Visiting the “Moving Metropolis”: Reflections on the Architecture of Imperial Science . Historical Records of Australian Science , 5 ( 3 ) : 1 – 16 . Barry W. Butcher, ‘Science and the Imperial Vision: The Imperial Geophysical Experimental Survey, 1928–1930’, ibid., 6(1) (1984), 31–43. On the history of the Australian physics community, see also R. W. Home, ‘Origins of the Australian Physics Community’, Historical Studies (Melbourne), 20 (1982–83), 383–400.
- For the history of science and especially of physics in Japan to the present time, see: Kagaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Sugimoto Isao Tokyo 1967 Shigeru Nakayama et al., editors, Science and Society in Modern Japan (Tokyo, 1974); Nihon Butsuri Gakkai (The Japan Society for Physics), editor, Nihon no Butsurigakushi (History of Physics in Japan), 2 vols (Tokyo, 1978), partially translated into German as Die Geschichte der Physik in Japan (Wiesbaden, 1984); Kenkichiro Koizumi, ‘The Emergence of Japan's First Physicists, 1868–1900’, Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences, 6 (1975), 3–108; Naohiko Hiromasa, ‘Introduction and Development of Modern Physics in Japan (1868–1912)’, (paper presented to the XVIIth International Congress of the History of Science, Berkeley, 1985, Scientific Section Po); and Derek J. da Solla Price, Little Science, Big Science (New York, 1963), pp. 98–101. For the more general history of science and technology in Japan after the mid-nineteenth century, see: Nihon Kagakushi Gakkai (The History of Science Society of Japan), editor, Nihon Kagaku-Gijutsu-shi Taikei (History of Science and Technology in Japan), 26 vols. (Tokyo, 1964–72); Masao Watanabe, Nihonjin to Kindaikagaku (The Japanese and Modern Science) (Tokyo, 1976), translated into German as Die Japaner und die moderne Wissenschaft (Wiesbaden, 1981); and Mitsutomo Yuasa, Nihon no Kagaku-Gijutsu 100-nen-shi (Centenary History of Science and Technology in Japan), 2 vols. (Tokyo, 1980–84). There exist a cumulative bibliography for science and applied science in Japan during the period 1868–88: Masao Watanabe, Meiji-zenki Gakujutsu-zasshi Ronbun Kiji Sōran (A Bibliography of Articles in Early Meiji Periodicals, Academic/Scientific/Technical) (Tokyo, 1971), and a related statistical work based on this bibliography: Masao Watanabe et al., Nihon no Kindaika to Kagaku (Science, Technology, Agriculture, and the Modernization of Japan) (Tokyo, 1976).
- Nihon no Kagaku-Gijutsu 100-nen-shi , I 18 – 18 .
- That the government attached great importance to scientific disciplines is evidenced by the total numbers of students sent abroad by the Ministry of Education during the period 1868–1912: 93 for medicine, 67 for engineering, 25 for industry, 52 for science, 31 for agriculture, 27 for education, 62 for law, 20 for commerce, 50 for literature, 10 for art, 5 for music, and 2 for gymnastics. Yoshida Mitsukuni Nihon o kizuita Kagaku (Science which helped build Japan) Tokyo 1966 30 30
- Miyoshi , Nobuhiro . 1983 . Meiji no Enjinia Kyōiku (Engineering Education during the Meiji Period) 16 – 17 . Tokyo
- Miyoshi , Nobuhiro . 1983 . Meiji no Enjinia Kyōiku (Engineering Education during the Meiji Period) 18 – 18 . Tokyo On Kōbu Daigakkō, see: Kyū Kōbu Daigakkō Shiryō (Historical Records of the Former Kōbu Daigakkō) (Tokyo, 1931).
- Meiji no Enjinia Kyōiku 21 – 22 . and 27–37. This new method of engineering education was highly evaluated in Nature (16 (1877), 44): ‘While England is so far behindhand in this important question, a great work has been done by the Japanese Government in the establishment of an Imperial College of Engineering at Tokei [Tokyo], an institution which gives to its students a highly scientific training, combined with actual practical experience in engineering workshops.’ Soon afterwards, the method was reimported into Britain and served to produce a new kind of institution there. See W. H. Brock, ‘The Japanese Connexion: Engineering in Tokyo, London and Glasgow at the End of the Nineteenth century’, British Journal for the History of Science, 14 (1981), 227–43.
- 1984 . Tokyo Daigaku Hyakunen-shi, Tsūshi I (Centenary History of the University of Tokyo, Outline History I) 649 – 699 . Tokyo See also footnote 47.
- Watanabe , Masao . 1963 . Bunkashi ni okeru Kindaikagaku (Science in the History of Modern Culture) 70 – 70 . Tokyo
- 1932 . Tokyo Teikoku Daigaku Gojūnen-shi (Fifty-Year History of Tokyo Imperial University) Vol. I , 615 – 666 . Tokyo Tokyo Daigaku Hyakunen-shi (footnote 45), pp. 451–55.
- Concerning the lives and activities of Western science teachers in Japan, see: Yoshida Mitsukuni Oyatoi Gaikokukjin 2, Sangyō (Employed Foreigners 2, Industry) Tokyo 1968 and Masuzō Ueno, Oyatoi Gaikokujin 3, Shizen Kagaku (Employed Foreigners 3, Natural Science) (Tokyo, 1968). Among the British teachers, J. A. Ewing, C. G. Knott and J. Milne are entered in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York), IV (1971), 500–501, VII (1973), 413, and IX (1974), 406–407, respectively. Detailed accounts of the American science teachers are given in Masao Watanabe, Oyatoi Beikokujin Kagaku Kyōshi (Science across the Pacific) (Tokyo, 1976)
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 99 – 103 . Tokyo
- The Tokyo Mathematico-Physical Society became the Japan Mathematico-Physical Society in 1918, before dividing in 1946 into two separate societies, the Japan Mathematical Society and the Japan Society for Physics. Other scientific societies inaugurated in these early days were the Chemical Society (1878), which became the Tokyo Chemical Society in 1879, the Tokyo Geographical Society (1879), the Engineering Society (1879), the Seismological Society of Japan (1880), the Science Society (1882), the Meteorological Society of Japan (1882), the Hydrographical Society (1884), and the Electrical Society (1888). Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Sugimoto Isao Tokyo 1967 I 113 138
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 120 – 120 . Tokyo
- Watanabe , Masao . 1977 . The Emergence of Japan in the International Scientific Community . Human Implications of Scientific Advance: Proceedings of the XVth International Congress of the History of Science . August 10–19 1977 , Edinburgh. pp. 183 – 183 . and 189–90 (Diagrams I, II and III)
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 119 – 119 . Tokyo
- 1888 . Butsuri Gakujutsugo Wa-Ei-Futsu-Doku Taiyaku Jisho 5 – 5 . Tokyo +93+84+88
- On the history of Kyoto University, see Kyoto Daigaku Shichijūnen-shi (Seventy Year History of Kyoto University) Kyoto 1967
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 111 – 111 . Tokyo Chart 3-5-1. Masao Watanabe et al., Nihon no Kindiaka to Kagaku (footnote 39) p. 6, Fig. 1–13. The percentages of the 101 graduates of the School of Science of the University of Tokyo up to 1887 are: Chemistry 42·6, Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy 32·7, Earth Science 14·9 and Biology 9·9.
- Nihon no Kindaika to Kagaku 5 – 5 . Figs. 1–7, 1–8, 1–9 & 1–10. Of the 646 scientific papers published by Western sojourners in Japan up to 1887, 330 (51·1%) belonged to Earth science.
- For the history of seismology in Japan, see Davison Charles The Founders of Seismology Cambridge 1927 Yoichiro Fujii, Nihon no Jishingaku (Seismology in Japan) (Tokyo, 1967); and Mampei Hashimoto, Jishingaku Kotohajime (The Beginning of Seismology in Japan) (Tokyo, 1983).
- Mendenhall , T.C. 1900 . Publication sof the Earthquake Investigation Committee—in Foreign Languages Numbers 3 and 4: Tokyo—1900 . Science , 12 : 678 – 678 . new series
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 164 – 167 . Tokyo 179
- The value they obtained was 979·82 cm/s2 (cf. the presently accepted value, 979·763 cm/s2). Their work was immediately criticized by J. Herschel (different from the famous J. F. W. Herschel); Ayrton and Perry responded, and eventually William Thomson settled the dispute. Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Sugimoto Isao Tokyo 1967 I 167 167
- The values they obtained were 979·84 cm/s2 and 978·86 cm/s2 respectively. From these results, Mendenhall computed the mean density of the Earth at 5·77 g/cm3 (cf. the presently accepted value of 5·52 g/cm3). Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Sugimoto Isao Tokyo 1967 I 167 168 and Oyatoi Beikokujin Kagaku Kyōshi (footnote 48), pp. 101–102
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 168 – 168 . Tokyo
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 168 – 169 . Tokyo
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 170 – 171 . Tokyo
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 174 – 177 . Tokyo For the history of meteorology in Japan, see: Kishōchō (The Meteorological Agency), editor, Kishō Hyakunen-shi (Centenary History of Meteorology in Japan), 2 vols (Tokyo, 1975).
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 188 – 198 . Tokyo For biographical accounts of H. Nagaoka and K. Honda, see: Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York), IX (1974), 606–607 and VI (1972), 479–80, respectively, and K. Itakura, T. Kimura and E. Yagi, Nagaoka Hantarō Den (A Biography of Hantarō Nagaoka) (Tokyo, 1973).
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 150 – 150 . Tokyo Chart 3-7-2.
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 152 – 153 . Tokyo Chart 3-7-3. Note added in proof—We now realize that these statistics are somewhat incomplete and so indicate general tendencies only.
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 209 – 211 . Tokyo Threlfall, ‘The Present State of Electrical Knowledge’, Report of the Second Meeting of the Australasian Association for the Advancement of Science, Melbourne, 1890, pp. 27–54; also University of Sydney, Calendar, 1889, p. cxliv.
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 211 – 213 . Tokyo Hugh Hamersley, ‘Radiation Science and Australian Medicine, 1896–1914’, Historical Records of Austrlian Science, 5(3) (1982), 41–63.
- Sugimoto , Isao , ed. 1967 . Nihon no Butsurigaku-shi (History of Science in Japan) Vol. I , 214 – 222 . Tokyo 231–32
- Basalla , George . 1967 . The Spread of Western Science . Science , 156 : 611 – 627 .
- Fleming , Donald . Science in Australia, Canada and the United States: Some Comparative Remarks . Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of the History of Science . 1962 , Ithaca. pp. 179 – 196 . Paris
Annals of Science
Volume 44, 1987 - Issue 3