- For discussions of this point, see Shapiro Barbara Probability and Certainty in Seventeenth Century England: A Study of the Relationships Between Natural Science, Religion, History, Law and Literature Princeton, New Jersey 1983 61 66 153–4, 111–18; Roger L. Emerson, ‘Latitudinarianism and the English Deists’ in Deism, Masonry and the Enlightenment, edited by J. A. Leo Lemay (Dover, 1987), pp. 19–48.
- This proliferation has been recently sketched in a book which does not do justice to the academic aspirations of Scots: McClellan James E. III Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century New York 1985
- Ouston , Hugh . 1980 . “ York in Edinburgh: James VII and the Patronage of Learning in Scotland, 1679–1688 ” . In New Perspectives on the Politics and Culture of Early Modern Scotland Edited by: Dwyer , John , Mason , Roger A. and Murdoch , Alexander . 133 – 155 . Edinburgh, n.d. in (p. 152).
- Hett , Francis Paget , ed. 1932 . The Memoirs of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1722) 49 – 49 . London 52, 54.
- Sibbald . 1932 . The Memoirs of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1722) Edited by: Hett , Francis Paget . 54 – 54 . London the text reads ‘crepuscular’, but has been corrected from Sir Robert Sibbald, ‘Memoirs of My Life’, Edinburgh University Library [hereafter EUL] Laing MS III. 535 (unpaginated). There is another copy of this in the National Library of Scotland [hereafter NLS] (Advocates' MS 33.5.1) which served as the basis for James Maidment's Remains…containing The autobiography of Sir Robert Sibbald Knt., M.D. (Edinburgh, 1833) and Hett's Memoirs. Both MSS are transcriptions of Sibbald's lost original.
- Sibbald . 1932 . The Memoirs of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1722) Edited by: Hett , Francis Paget . 54 – 54 . London
- Underwood , E. Ashworth . 1977 . Boerhaave's Men at Leyden and After 89 – 90 . Edinburgh
- Sibbald . 1932 . The Memoirs of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1722) Edited by: Hett , Francis Paget . 56 – 56 . London
- ’…i.e. a medicine supported both by the teaching and observations of the ancients, and significantly illustrated and increased by the experiments of the more recent writers. But I will not waste time in assessing or refuting the hypotheses of the more recent writers, for they are of small account to me as I know that while a day destroys the fabrications of opinions it confirms the judgements of nature’, quoted in Cunningham Andrew Sir Robert Sibbald and Medical Education, Edinburgh 1706 Clio Medica 1978 13 145 145
- Cunningham . 1978 . Sir Robert Sibbald and Medical Education, Edinburgh 1706 . Clio Medica , 13 : 145 – 145 . discusses the Hippocratic and novel elements in Sibbald's medical theory, pp. 137–41.
- ‘…I had learned at Paris that the simplest method of Physick was the best, and that these that the country affoorded came neerest to our temper and agreed best with us, so I resolved to make it part of my studie to know what animalls vegetables mineralls metalls and substances cast up by the sea were found in this country yt might be of use in medicine or other artes usefull to Human lyfe, and I began to be curious of searching after ym & collecting ym, which I continued to do ever since’. Sibbald The Memoirs of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1722) Hett Francis Paget London 1932 64 65
- Boyes , J. 1976 . “ Sir Robert Sibbald: a Neglected Scholar ” . In The Early Years of the Edinburgh Medical School Edited by: Anderson , R.G.W. and Simpson , A.D.C. 19 – 24 . Edinburgh in (p. 19).
- Sibbald . 1932 . The Memoirs of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1722) Edited by: Hett , Francis Paget . 63 – 63 . London Sibbald here makes the pursuit of science and improvements the concern of virtuous men.
- Sibbald . A speech Dedicating Balfours Museum . EUL, MS La , III 535 – 535 . f. 1.
- Emerson , R.L. 1979 . The Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, 1737–1747 . British Journal for the History of Science , 12 : 160 – 160 . 167, 180.
- Sibbald's religious perplexities dated from his undergraduate days and are partially summarized in an untitled poem dated ‘October 26, 1682’ which begins: Oft did I wavor in a doubtful case, Which of these two opinions to embrace, If any God there by yt taketh care Of things below, or none to rule ym[,] are Chance & blind fortune bearing all ye sway, To wc, as to a God, fond mortals pray. NLS advocates' MS 5.2.8, f. 244; see also Sibbald The Memoirs of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1722) Hett Francis Paget London 1932 7 7 54, 55, 63, 86–94. Sibbald's historical MSS also show an interest in the nature, origins, and authority for Christianity in early Scotland, e.g. NLS, Advocates' MS 33.2.27.
- Simpson , A.D.C. 1982 . “ Sir Robert Sibbald—The Founder of the College ” . In Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh [6–11 September] 1981 , 59 – 92 . Edinburgh : RCPE . in 62, 64; Harold R. Fletcher and William H. Brown, The Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh 1670–1970 (Edinburgh, 1970), pp. v, xiii-19. The Garden initially had the blessings of a few local lairds and the town's physicians but by c. 1675 the surgeons, Town Council, various lawyers, and members of the government also supported James Sutherland's work there. Sir Alexander Grant, The Story of the University of Edinburgh, 2 vols (London, 1884), I, 218–20.
- Craig , W.S. 1976 . History of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Edinburgh Ouston (footnote 4), 139–42. Ouston notes that the founding of the RCPE ‘was an example of the personal nature of the Duke of York's political patronage’. The committee which heard objections to its foundation included Bishop John Paterson; James Dalrymple, Lord President Stair; Sir George Mackenzie, Lord Advocate and George Mackenzie, Lord Tarbat. The latter two were friends of Sibbald to whose virtuoso clubs both belonged. Sibbald noted of the 1680 virtuoso club, ‘Severall of the discourses are inserted in a book I call Acta Medica Edinburgensia. They were foreborne yn upon the introducing of such conferences once a Moneth in the Colledge [of Physicians]’. Sibbald (footnote 5), p. 76.
- Sibbald's office had been gained for him by James Drummond, 1st Duke of Perth, who, in 1686, persuaded him to become a Roman Catholic. Of these offices Sibbald wrote: ‘…it was by [the Duke of Perth's] incouradgement that to the enquirie after the naturall products of the Kingdome, I added the inquyrie after what concerned are exact geographicall description of it, and by his procurement, upon his informing King Charles the 2d, what progresse I had made in ys matter, his Majestie gave me a patent to be his geographer for the kingdome of Scotland, and another to be his Physitian there, and wt all, gave me his commands to publish the naturall history of ye Country and the geographical description of the kingdome’. Sibbald The Memoirs of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1722) Hett Francis Paget London 1932 74 74 What Sibbald was proposing to do was being done in England and France by members of royal societies. Ouston notes the royalist ideological dimensions of all this and its relationship to Scottish pride, patriotism and shame about their backwardness; Ouston (footnote 4), pp. 151–3.
- Sibbald . 1937 . University of Edinburgh. Charters, Statutes, and Acts of the Town Council and the Senatus Edited by: Morgan , A. and Hannay , R. K. 136 – 136 . Edinburgh was appointed on 24 March 1685; Drs James Halket and Archibald Pitcairne on 9 September 1685;
- Simpson . 1976 . History of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 87 – 90 . Edinburgh
- Sibbald's surveying projects are discussed by Emery F.V. A “Geographical Description” of Scotland Prior to the Statistical Accounts Scottish Studies 1959 3 1 16 Simpson (footnote 19), pp. 66–8, 72–3; Stan Mendyk, ‘Scottish Regional Natural Historians and the Britannia project’, Scottish Geographical Magazine, 101 (1985), 165–73.
- See The Dictionary of National Biography for a bibliography of their works and maps and Macfarlane's Geographical Collections Mitchell Arthur Scottish History Society 1906–7 51 52 passim.
- Adair, Martin, Slezer. James Anderson, the historian, was later voted a similar grant. Simpson History of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Edinburgh 1976 66 67 73; Robert Chambers, A Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Scotsmen (Glasgow, 1856), I, 54–5.
- See Appendix V: Edinburgh Virtuoso Clubs 1680–1712.
- For discussions of the men with whom they dealt, see Levine Joseph M. Dr. Woodward's Shield: History, Science and Satire in Augustan England Berkeley 1977 Stuart Piggot, ‘The Ancestors of Jonathan Oldbuck’, in Ruins in a Landscape: Essays in Antiquarianism (Edinburgh, 1976), pp. 133–59; K. Theodore Hoppen, The Common Scientist in the Seventeenth Century: A Study of the Dublin Philosophical Society 1683–1708 (London, 1970); R. T. Gunther, Early Science in Oxford, IV, XII, XIV (Oxford, 1925, 1939, 1945).
- Charles Preston to Sir Hans Sloane, 27 October 1697, in Cowan John MacQueen The history of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh—the Prestons Notes Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 1935 92 77 77
- Craig . 1976 . History of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 410 – 419 . Edinburgh By 10 March 1702, Charles Preston wrote to Sloane asking his help in finding a job ‘abroad…for I am truly weary of this country there is so much jangling amongst the physicians’. Library of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh [hereafter LRBGE], Letters and Miscellaneous Papers of Charles Preston. For the faction to which Sibbald and probably Preston belonged, the club of 1697 may have replaced the RCPE club. For the causes of the disputes among the doctors, see Andrew Cunningham, ‘Sydenham versus Newton: The Edinburgh Fever Dispute of the 1690s Between Andrew Brown and Archibald Pitcairne’, Medical History, Supplement No. 1 (1981), 71–98, 87–94.
- Sir James Dalrymple of Borthwick, Collections Concerning the Scottish History Edinburgh 1705 I I II, LIX.
- NLS, James Anderson Papers (VII) Advocates' MS 29.1.2, f. 55.
- Sir Robert Sibbald to Robert Wodrow,? June 1709; Maidment The Memoirs of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1722) Hett Francis Paget London 1932 37 37 This and other letters show that club-members from c. 1704 were still actively co-operating.
- NLS Advocates' MS 33.3.19 32 – 38 . f. 33.
- NLS Advocates' MS 33.5.19.
- Ross , I.S. and Scobie , S.A.C. 1974 . “ Patriotic publishing as a Response to the Union ” . In The Union of 1707 Edited by: Rae , T.I. 94 – 119 . Glasgow in
- Sibbald . September 1698 . Discourses anent the improvements may be made in Scotland for advancing the Wealth of the Kingdome in these parts , September , Advocates : NLS . MS 33.5.16, ff. 29–30.
- Sibbald . September 1698 . Discourses anent the improvements may be made in Scotland for advancing the Wealth of the Kingdome in these parts , September , Advocates : NLS .
- Sibbald . 1932 . The Memoirs of Sir Robert Sibbald (1641–1772) Edited by: Hett) , Francis Paget . 52 – 52 . London
- Sibbald . September 1698 . Discourses anent the improvements may be made in Scotland for advancing the Wealth of the Kingdome in these parts , September , Advocates : NLS . ff. 29–30.
- The best general view of the world in which Sibbald hoped Scots would move is contained in McClellan Science Reorganized: Scientific Societies in the Eighteenth Century New York 1978 70 71 see also It may also be pertinent to recall that the Académie des sciences had been reorganized in 1699; Roger Hahn, The Anatomy of a Scientific Institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666–1803 (Berkeley, 1971), pp. 19–21.
- The Select Society of Edinburgh, the Glasgow Literary Society and the Aberdeen Philosophical Society. The first has been studied by Emerson R.L. The Social Composition of Enlightened Scotland Studies on Voltaire and the Eighteenth Century 1973 114 291 329 the last by Paul Wood in ‘thomas Reid, Scientist’ (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Leeds University, 1984), and by Stephen A. Conrad in ‘Citizenship and Common Sense: the Problem of Authority in the Social Background and Social Philosophy of the Wise Club of Aberdeen’ (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Harvard University, 1980). There is no good study of the Glasgow Literary Society, although it is noticed in D. D. McElroy, ‘The Literary Clubs and Societies of Eighteenth Century Scotland’ (unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Edinburgh University, 1952).
- Ferguson , William . 1977 . Scotland's Relations with England: A Survey to 1707 188 – 193 . Edinburgh P. W. J. Riley, King William and the Scottish Politicians (Edinburgh, 1979), pp. 165–78. Twelve of the twenty-three members of Sibbald's proposed Royal Society sat on opposition benches or sided with the Country Party or Jacobites in the Scottich Parliament in 1701.
- NLS Advocates' MS 33.5.19 486 – 490 . It is printed in full in Appendix I.
- Riley . 1979 . King William and the Scottish Politicians 165 – 178 . Edinburgh Riley, The Union of England and Scotland: a Study in Anglo-Scottish Politics in the Eighteenth Century (Manchester, 1978), pp. 326–38.
- Meikle , Henry , ed. 1949 . “ An Edinburgh Diary ” . In Book of the Old Edinburgh Club Vol. 27 , 111 – 154 . in The remainder of this diary and fragments of an earlier one are held at NLS, Advocates’ MSS 22.2.10(1); 32.7.7. Other scraps of information about Kincaid are found in NLS, Ch. B. 832, 928, 930, 931.
- NLS, Advocates' MS 22.2.10(1) Thomas Inglis is likely to have been the Edinburgh surgeon of that name. If this was the case the RSS had considerably widened its potential membership by 1705.
- Archibald and Clow , Nan L. 1970 . The Chemical Revolution: A Contribution to Social Technology , 583 – 583 . Freeport : Books for Libraries . 1st printing 1952 R. G. W. Anderson, The Playfair Collection and the Teaching of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh 1713–1858 (Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Museum, 1978), pp. 3–4.
- Shaw , John . 1984 . Water Power in Scotland 1550–1870 57 – 59 . Edinburgh A view of Scottish enterprise in these years is given by Gordon Marshall, Presbyteries and Profits: Calvinism and the Development of Capitalism in Scotland, 1590–1707 (Oxford, 1980).
- Underwood . 1977 . Boerhaave's Men at Leyden and After 86 – 86 . Edinburgh
- Fletcher and Brown . 1970 . The Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh 1670–1970 11 – 19 . Edinburgh LRBGE, James Sutherland: Biographical Notes, Boxes 1–3 (mostly transcripts from various collections).
- Anderson . 1978 . The Playfair Collection and the Teaching of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh 1713–1858 , 3 – 4 . Edinburgh : Royal Scottish Museum .
- March 1731 . Colin MacLaurin to Martin Folkes , March , Royal Society of London . 25 MS RTC 6/V/52.
- Kincaid . January 1704 . NLS, Advocates' January , 7 5 September 1705.
- Duncan , Douglas . 1965 . Thomas Ruddiman: a Study in Scottish Scholarship in the Early Eighteenth Century 123 – 125 . Edinburgh 129–34.
- 1940 . The Record of the Royal Society of London , 4th edn London ‘Chronological Register of Fellows’, pp. 375–516. Roxburghe was to be a pallbearer at Newton's funeral, while Montrose clearly had a hand in developing medical education at both Edinburgh and Glasgow. Principal William Carstares to Principal John Stirling, 16 an 21 January 1714, Letters of Principal Stirling, Glasgow University Library, Murray MS 650. Edinburgh University memorialized Montrose about its medical chair in 1715; EUL, Laing MS 676.
- Simpson . 1982 . “ Sir Robert Sibbald—The Founder of the College ” . In Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh [6–11 September] 1981 , 66 – 68 . Edinburgh : RCPE . in 72–3; Sibbald, NLS, Advocates' MS 33.5.19; an account of Nicolson's trip to Scotland is given by F. G. James, North Country Bishop: A Biography of William Nicolson (New Haven, Connecticut, 1956), pp. 86–8. Nicolson's recently published diaries contain nothing on the RSS.
- MacFarlane . 1906–7 . The Dictionary of National Biography for a bibliography of their works and maps and Macfarlane's Geographical Collections , Edited by: Mitchell , Arthur . Vol. 51 , Scottish History Society . 52 see also Early Letters of Robert Wodrow, edited by L. W. Sharpe, Scottish History Society, third series, 24 (1937), passim. Among his earlier correspondents on topographical and geographical matters had been: the Rev. Mr James Fraser, Dr Matthew McKail, the Rev. Mr James Wallace, Dr—Archibald, and Dr Alexander Pennecuik.
- The membership of the clubs of c. 1685 and 1700 cannot be reconstituted, but a list which clearly conflates members of both was given by the Earl of Buchan in 1780: ‘The Earl of Cromarty, Sir George Mackenzie of Rosehaugh, Sir James Dalrymple, second son of the Viscount Stair, Sir Robert Sibbald, the Honourable Mr. Henry Maule, and the Bishop of Carlisle [William Nicolson]; to these names we may add, as less illustrious, though not less laborious, Mr. [William] Hamilton of Wishaw, Mr. [?Alexander] Gordon, Mr. [Fr. Thomas] Innes, Mr. [David or Matthew] Crawford, Mr. [Alexander] Nisbet, Messrs [Thomas] Ruddiman and [James] Anderson, and Mr. James Sutherland.’ Smellie William Account of the Institution…of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Edinburgh 1782 12 12 To this list should be added Sir Alexander Seton, Bt, and Sir John Lauder, Bt, both S.C.J., and Doctors George MacKenzie and Patrick Abercrombie. Among Sibbald's other antiquarian correspondents were Walter Boswell of Balbarton, Murdo Mackenzie, Bishop of Orkney; Archibald Graham, Bishop of the Isles; David Erskine, Earl of Buchan.
- That is certainly suggested by the provenance notations for the items in Wodrow's cabinet in 1703 Strathclyde University Library Anderson MSS MS 11.
- Sibbald prepared a catalogue of gifts from both Sir Andrew and himself Auctarium musaei Balfouriani, e musaeo Sibbaldinano Edinburgh 1697 Grant (footnote 18), II, 374–75; and Craig (footnote 19), pp. 99–101, allude to a collection which Sibbald offered to give in 1706 to the RCPE. The University Museum was kept by Wodrow's friend and Sibbald's protégé, James Paterson; Wodrow (footnote 61), p. 34.
- Sibbald . NLS, Advocates' MS 33.5.19 passim.
- Sibbald had written a book on whales, Phalainologia nova, sive observationes de rarioribus quibusdam balaenis in Scotiae littus nuper ejectis Edinburgh 1692 Boyes (footnote 13), p. 21; Simpson (footnote 19), pp. 75–8.
- Sibbald . NLS, Advocates’ MS 33.5.19 passim. Among the naturalists, inventors and men of science with whom he corresponded were: George Sinclair, Dr Matthew Brisbane, and Principal Thomas Forrester, St Mary's College, the University of St Andrews.
- Cunningham . 1978 . Sir Robert Sibbald and Medical Education, Edinburgh 1706 . Clio Medica , 13 : 145 – 145 . The lectures were never given; Sibbald to Sloane, 29 November 1703 (transcript), EUL, MS Dc. 8, 35.
- These conflicts are described in Craig History of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh Edinburgh 1976 Cunningham (footnotes 10 and 29), passim
- Comrie , John D. 1932 . History of Scottish Medicine , 2nd edn Vol. I , 274 – 274 . London 2 vols
- Other doctors and surgeons with whom Sibbald corresponded include: James Hamilton, surgeon; Dr David Abercrombie, Dr Patrick Urquhart, Mediciner at King's College, Aberdeen; Christopher Irving, surgeon and Royal Historiographer Historiae Scoticae nomenclatura latine-vernacular , 2nd edn Edinburgh 1682 whose 1697) was dedicted to Sir Robert
- The foreign correspondents of Sibbald, Sutherland, and Charles Preston, c. 1690–c. 1710 included: Jacob Bobart, Hermann Boerhaave, Walter Charleton, Cadwallader Colden, Samuel Doody, Nehemiah Grew, Petrus Hotton, Edward Lhuyd, Martin Lister, Nicholas Marchant, Thomas Molyneux, Robert Morison, William Nicolson, James Petiver, Leonard Plunket, John Ray, Richard Richardson, William Sherard, Sir Hans Sloane, Raph Thoresby, Edward Tyson, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, Sir Thomas Willoughby and John Woodward. Scots like Professor James Gregory and Archibald Pitcairne had quite different contacts with Padua, Leyden and Oxford (where David Gregory was the Savilian Professor of Astronomy) and with Newtonian circles in London. Thackray Arnold Atoms and Powers Cambridge and London, Massachusetts 1970 44 49
- From the dedication of Sutherland's James Hortus medicus Edinburgensis 1683 to Lord Provost George Drummond of Miln-Nab, quoted in Fletcher and Brown (footnote 18), p. 11
- For the vast literature on provincial academies in France, see Roche Daniel Le siècle des lumières en province: Académies et académiciens provinciaux, 1680–1789 Paris 1978 and McClellan (footnote 3)
- Wodrow . 1937 . Early Letters of Robert Wodrow , Edited by: Sharpe , L. W. Vol. 24 , 260 – 262 . Scottish History Society . third series Kincaid's Diary gives little reason to think him among those patriotic antiquarians
- Ridpath . The Flying Post, The Observer, and The Works of the Learned a journalist since c. 1683, was connected with London papers such as Scots aspired to produce such works at home; Ouston (footnote 8), pp. 152–3.
- Duncan . 1965 . Thomas Ruddiman: a Study in Scottish Scholarship in the Early Eighteenth Century 152 – 152 . Edinburgh
- Starkey , A.M. 1974 . Robert Wodrow and the History of the Sufferings of the Church of Scotland . Church History , 43 : 488 – 498 . (p. 493)
- This concern culminated with the elocution lectures given in Edinburgh by Thomas Sheridan in 1761. Scottish concerns with good usage are discussed by Howell Wilbur S. Eighteenth-century British Logic and Rhetoric Princeton, New Jersey 1971 His account ties these interests to both science and European literary developments.
- Emerson . 1979 . The Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, 1737–1747 . British Journal for the History of Science , 12 : 178 – 178 . 181
- Emery . 1959 . A “Geographical Description” of Scotland Prior to the Statistical Accounts . Scottish Studies , 3 : 1 – 16 .
- Cullen denied that ‘primitive physick’ had any value RCPE, ‘Lectures by William Cullen on the History of the practice of Physic’ 3 3 Cullen Papers, 27.
- Fletcher and Brown . 1970 . The Royal Botanic Garden in Edinburgh 1670–1970 56 – 67 . Edinburgh Francis Darwin, ‘A Botanical Physiologist of the Eighteenth Century’, Notes, R.B.G. Edinburgh, 20 (1909), 241–4.
- John Hope had clearly read Sibbald's Scottish plant lists contained in Soctia Illustrata, and he knew works by others in Sir Robert's circle Dr. Hope's Lectures on Botany AUL, MS 564 3 19 of Tournefort he said: ‘[his] System is better than that of Linnaeus tho' the last completed his plan’; ibid., p. 134. Hope's views seem to have been shared by David Skene and John Walker both of whom wished to see Scottish agriculture improved.
- Emerson . 1979 . The Philosophical Society of Edinburgh, 1737–1747 . British Journal for the History of Science , 12 : 179 – 179 . Emerson, ‘The Philosophical Society of Edinburgh 1748–1768’, British Journal for the History of Science, 14 (1981), 133–76; Emerson, ‘… 1768–1783’, idem, 18 (1985), 255–303 (pp. 258–60, 274).
- Clerk of Penicuik Papers , Scottish Record Office [hereafter SRO] . GD18/5051; Walker Papers, EUL, Dc.2.38; Dc.2.39.1–2; Lectures on Geology by John Walker, edited by Harold W. Scott (Chicago, 1960), p. xlvi. For the interest of David Skene and some of his friends in these topics, see, B. P. Lenman and J. B. Kenworthy, ‘Dr. David Skene, Linnaeus and the Applied Geology of the Scottish Enlightenment’, i and ii, Aberdeen University Review, nos. 157, 158 (1977), 32–44, 231–7.
- Naturalists and improvers were often the same people. For two whose work had much in common, see Martin Martin A Description of the Western Islands of Scotland , 2nd edn London 1716 1st edn 1703), and The Rev. Dr. John Walker's Report on the Hebrides of 1764 and 1771, edited by Margaret M. McKay (Edinburgh, 1980); John Walker, An Economical History of the Hebrides and Highlands of Scotland, 2 vols (Edinburgh, 1812).
- Horn , D.B. 1953–4 . The University of Edinburgh and the Teaching of History . University of Edinburgh Journal , 17 : 161 – 175 . (p. 161)
- Arnold Thackray has even claimed that ‘[David] Gregory and Pitcairne were of central importance in the establishment of a British Newtonian tradition’; (footnote 72), p. 48. This judgment is also shared by Schofield Robert E. Mechanism and Materialism; British Natural Philosophy in an Age of Reason Princeton, New Jersey 1970 40 40 See also David Gregory, Issac Newton and their Circle: Extracts from David Gregory's Memoranda 1677–1708, edited by W. G. Hiscock (Oxford, 1937), pp. vi, 3, 4, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24, 28, 31, 34, 35.
- Pitcairne was a patron of Thomas Bower who taught mathematics and science at King's College, Aberdeen, for some years after c. 1708. Pitcairne and Sir Andrew Balfour probably helped James Gregory to obtain his brother's Edinburgh Chair of Mathematics when David left for Oxford in 1692. In 1708, Pitcairne was lobbying hard for the placement of Charles Gregory at St Andrews. See Mar and Kellie MSS, SRO, MS GD 124/15/501/1; David Gregory Papers, EUL, MS Dc.1.62; Sibbald, (footnote 64), pp. 82–3; Mar and Kellie MSS, SRO, MS GD 124/635/4; 755/3–5. The appointments of Steuart, Simson and Dick were probably arranged mainly by Principals William Carstares and John Stirling. Steuart is said to have been a Cartesian at the time of his appointment. He was also a friend and correspondent of Robert Wodrow and belonged to an Edinburgh virtuoso club. Shepherd Christine King Philosophy and science in the arts curriculum of the Scottish universities in the seventeenth century Edinburgh University 1975 120 124 unpublished Ph.D. thesis Wodrow (footnote 61), passim
- Norton , David Fate . 1982 . David Hume: Common-Sense Moralist, Sceptical Metaphysician 65 – 65 . Princeton, New Jersey 154–7, 199–205
- Emerson , Roger L. 1984 . “ Conjectural History and Scottish Philosophers ” . In Historical Papers 1984/Communications historiques Edited by: Johnson , Dana and Ouellette , Louise . 63 – 90 . Ottawa in
- On the relation of these works to natural law theory, see MacCormick Neil The rational discipline of law Juridical Review 1981 26 146 160 new series Duncan Forbes, ‘Natural Law and the Scottish Enlightenment’, and Knud Haakonssen, ‘What Might Properly be Called Natural Jurisprudence?’, in R. H. Campbell and A. S. Skinner, The Origins and Nature of the Scottish Enlightenment (Edinburgh, 1982). For comments on the debate between those who see either natural law theory or the civic humanist tradition as the shaping force in Scottish moral discourse, consult J. G. A. Pocock, ‘Cambridge paradigms and Scottish philosophers’, in Wealth and Virtue: The shaping of Political Economy in the Scottish Enlightenment, edited by Istvan Hont and Michael Ignatieff (Cambridge, 1983), pp. 235–52, and Christopher J. Berry, ‘The Nature of Wealth and the Origin of Virtue: recent Essays on the Scottish Enlightenment’, History of European Ideas, 7 (1986), 85–9.
- Fletcher's views of the ancient constitution and the end of liberty in modern times are discussed in Robbins Caroline The Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthman Cambridge, Massachusetts 1961 9 10 178–84; J. G. A. Pocock, The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition (Princeton, New Jersey, 1975), pp. 426–37, 446–7; Andrew Fletcher of Saltoun, Selected Political Writings and Speeches, edited by David Daiches (Edinburgh, 1979), pp. vii–xliii.
- Haakonsson , Knud . 1981 . The Science of a Legislator: The Natural Jurisprudence of David Hume and Adam Smith Cambridge
- Donaldson , Gordon . 1981 . Stair's Scotland: the Intellectual Heritage . Juridical Review , 26 : 128 – 145 . new series 145.
- Sibbald to Sloane, EUL MS Dc.8.35 1711 October 16
Annals of Science
Volume 45, 1988 - Issue 1