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Scientists and bureaucrats in the establishment of the John Innes horticultural institution under William Bateson

Pages 497-510 | Received 06 May 1989, Published online: 23 Aug 2006

  • Brock , W.H. 1976 . “ The Spectrum of Science Patronage ” . In The Patronage of Science in the Nineteenth Century Edited by: Turner , G.l'E. 173 – 206 . Leyden
  • See Dale H.E. Daniel Hall, Pioneer in Scientific Agriculture London 1956 chapter 5, ‘Development Commissioner 1910–17’. Also Robert Olby, ‘Social Imperialism and State Support for Scientific Research in Edwardian Britain: The Case of Genetics’. Text of a lecture delivered at The Queen's University, Belfast, 6 March 1989.
  • Olby , R. William Bateson's Introduction of Mendelism to England: A Reassessment . British Journal for the History of Science , 20 1987 – 1987 . 399–420
  • Bateson , William . 1907 . “ The progress of Genetic Research ” . In Report of the Third International Conference 1906 on Genetics 90 – 97 . London (p. 91)
  • See MacLeod R.M. Science and the Treasury: Principles, Personalities and Policies, 1870–85 The Patronage of Science in the Nineteenth Century Turner G.L'E. Leyden 115 172 Also see his ‘The support of Victorian Science: The Endowment of the Research Movement in Great Britain, 1868–1900’, Minerva, 9 (1871), 197–230. For a discussion of the extent of Treasury control see Maurice Wright, ‘Treasury Control 1854–1914’, in Studies in the Growth of Nineteenth Century Government, edited by Gillian Sutherland (London, 1972), pp. 195–226.
  • See Russell E.J. A History of Agricultural Science in Britain: 1629–1954 London 1966 chapter 9, ‘The Beginning of State Aid’
  • Southward , A.J. and Roberts , E.K. 1984 . The Marine Biological Association 1884–1984: One Hundred Years of Marine Research’ . Report of the Devon Association for the Advancement of Science , 116 : 155 – 199 .
  • F. A. Court Bergne to Ridley, letter dated November 1885, Public Record Office, T1/8223B/1885. Cited in MacLeod Science and the Treasury: Principles, Personalities and Policies, 1870–85 The Patronage of Science in the Nineteenth Century Turner G.L'E. Leyden 1976 148 148 in
  • See Porter Bernard The Edwardians and their Empire Edwardian England Read Donald London and Canberra 1982 128 144 in
  • Gilbert , Bentley B. 1987 . David Lloyd George, A Political Life; The Architect of Change 1863–1912 276 – 276 . London
  • Bateson . 1907 . “ The progress of Genetic Research ” . In Report of the Third International Conference 1906 on Genetics 91 – 91 . London
  • Bateson . 1907 . “ Toast of “The Board of Agriculture, Horticulture, and Fisheries” . In Report of the Third International Conference 1906 on Genetics 75 – 77 . London (p. 77)
  • Bateson , Beatrice . 1928 . William Bateson, F.R.S. Naturalist. His Essays and Addresses together with a short…Account of his Life 93 – 93 . Cambridge [Hereafter cited Life.]
  • The donor of £20 000 for the Balfour Chair was a Mr William Watson. When Lord Esher broke the good news to Balfour he wrote: ‘I have told him to call on you. Be civil to him. He knows that you know [the identity of the benefactor]!’ Esher to Arthur J. Balfour, letter dated 15 February 1912. Balfour Papers, Add. 47919, vol. xxxvii, pp. 214–5. Manuscripts Department, British Museum. But it was Esher and Balfour who gave the land and the house for the Department of Genetics at Cambridge. See Balfour papers xxxvii 216 216
  • Crowther , J.G. 1952 . British Scientists of the Twentieth Century 289 – 289 . London
  • The first surviving letter is a draft in Bateson's hand, dated 24 October 1909, to Farmer. It begins We walked over parts of the property again yesterday Bateson Papers John Innes Institute Archives Norwich 2037 2037 [Hereafter cited as JIIA
  • Board of Agriculture Papers, MAF 33/229 64986 , Kew : Public Record Office .
  • Papers of the John Innes Trust, 4378 2a , Charity Commission Archives .
  • Will of John Innes, dated 2 John Innes Papers JIIA 1904 August 7 7
  • F. G. Courthope to C. C. Scott, letter dated 17 October 1905 JIIA
  • See the Memorandum to the correspondence of the Trustees by Mr Davies, Transfer Volume 1. John Innes Trust Papers JIIA
  • 1905 . Motion for the Appointment of a Receiver and Administrator pendente lite . The Times , February 14
  • 1905 . Report of the Departmental Committee appointed by the Board of Agriculture to enquire into and report upon the Fruit Industry of Great Britain . Parliamentary Papers , 20 Cd.2589, p. 12
  • Brooke-Hunt , A.E. 1903–4 . The National Fruit and Cider Institute: Its Origins and Objects . Journal of the Bath and West and Southern Counties Society , 14 : 105 – 117 . (p. 111)
  • Charles Scott to Brooke-Hunt, letter dated 17 September 1905 Board of Agriculture Papers, MAF 229, 64986 Public Record Office
  • Brooke-Hunt to C. C. Scott, letter dated 15 September 1905 John Innes Foundation Papers, JIIA.
  • Wimbledon Borough News, 12 January 1917 Bateson Papers, 2053, JIIA.
  • W. J. Courthope to F. G. Courthope, letter dated 2 November 1905 John Innes Trust Papers, JIIA.
  • Messrs Wilde, Moore, and Wigston to the Charity Commissioners, letter dated 30 January 1907 Charity Commission Archives
  • Memorandum of an interview with the Charity Commissioners John Innes Foundation Papers, JIIA. 1906 January 16
  • “ Sir Richard P. Cooper to Sir Thomas H. Elliott ” . In Board of Agriculture Papers, MAF 229/64986 , Public Record Office . letter dated 10 February 1907
  • 1909 . Minutes of the first Meeting of the Council of the John Innes Horticultural Institution . April 14 1909 . pp. 1 – 1 . JIIA .
  • 1909 . Minutes of the Meeting of the Committee of Management . May 5 1909 . pp. 1 – 1 . JIIA .
  • July 1909 . Report of the Management Committee to Council , July , 2 – 2 . JIIA . 23 4–5
  • The Early History of the Institute at Merton . Report of Special Committee Appointed by Council on 26 November 1936 , 31 – 31 . John Innes Foundation Papers, JIIA.
  • Brooke-Hunt . Memorandum dated 11 August 1910, Board of Agriculture Papers, MAF 33/229 64986 , Public Record Office .
  • For a biographical note on Lock see Woolf Bella S. Biographical Note Recent Progress in the Study of Variation, Heredity, and Evolution , 5th edition Lock R.H. London 1916 xiii xx [Mrs R. H. Lock] in revised by Leonard Doncaster
  • R. H. Lock to Bateson, letter dated 10 August 1909 Bateson Papers, 756, D236 JIIA
  • Farmer with A. D. Darbishire translated Hugo de Vries's Die Mutationstheorie into English The Mutation Theory Chicago 1910 2 vols
  • Bateson to Farmer, draft of a letter dated 24 October 1909 Bateson Papers, 2037 JIIA 4 4
  • Howard , Henry F. 1961 . An Account of the Finances of the College of St John Cambridge Appendix viii, pp. 332–3. I am grateful to Mr M. G. Underwood of St John's College for supplying and interpreting the College data.
  • Farmer to Bateson, letter dated 25 October 1909 Bateson Papers JIIA 2038 2038
  • November 1909 . “ Professor Bateson's Report to Council ” . In Bateson Papers, 2813 , November , JIIA . 25
  • Brooke-Hunt to Prain. He wrote Minutes 8 December only just received venture urge desirability postponing further appointments until place has been thoroughly established. Though this was originally agreed upon and that Director should meanwhile undertake any duties arranged in connection with other branches of work Minutes of Council JIIA 1910 January 3 3 5
  • Bateson to Prain, draft of letter dated 5 Bateson Papers JIIA 1910 July 2090 2090 A decade later Council approved the motion that studentship stipends should be not less than $300 p.a. However, as late as 1923 C. D. Darlington had to work as a volunteer for over a year before he received a minor studentship.
  • Bateson . Report of the Director on the Work of the Institution in 1910 , JIIA .
  • Bateson to Wheldale, letter dated Bateson Papers G5q JIIA 1910 July 35 35 9
  • Wheldale [Mrs Onslow] to Beatrice Bateson JIIA 1927 May 8 8 letter dated 14 G5q Wheldale stated that her letters before 1907 had been destroyed, but that she began to work in Bateson's garden at Granchester in 1902.
  • In 1911 Bateson wrote Our little laboratory is now in use and I am wondering whether you are still looking forward to a place in it Bateson to Wheldale JIIA 1911 March 36 36 letter dated 10 Bateson Papers G5q
  • Bateson to Doncaster, letter dated Bateson Papers b442-3 JIIA 1903 December 18 This letter was followed by his invitation to Punnett to collaborate, letter dated 25 December 1903, published in Life 85.
  • Bateson to Prain, letter dated Life January 1926 159 159 8 published in In 1918 Bateson confided in A. D. Hall (his successor) that he had always hoped that W. O. Backhouse would eventually succeed him. Bateson to Hall, letter dated 23 February 1918, Bateson Papers, JIIA.
  • Thus many leading cytologists did not accept that there was cytological evidence for Janssens's chiasmatype theory. See Wilson E.B. Chiasmatype and Crossing-over American Naturalist 1920 54 193 211 especially p. 210. C. E. McClung. ‘The Chiasmatype Theory of Janssens’, Quarterly Review of Biology 2 (1927), 344–66. McClung declared ‘It has had its day and been found wanting’ (p. 360).
  • Digby , L. 1912 . The Cytology of Primula kewensis and of other related Primula hybrids . Annals of Botany , 26 : 357 – 388 . For Digby's errors see W. C. F. Newton and Caroline Pellow, ‘Primula kewensis and its Derivatives’, Journal of Genetics 20 (1928–29), 405–66.
  • Bateson and Punnett . 1811 . On Gametic Series involving Reduplication of Certain Terms . Journal of Genetics , 1 : 293 – 302 .
  • Doncaster to Bateson, letter dated Bateson Papers, 1461 JIIA 1916 November 2
  • Bateson . 1916 . The Mechanism of Mendelian Heredity (A review) . Science , 44 : 536 – 543 .
  • Muller , H.J. 1916 . The Mechanism of Crossing-over . American Naturalist , 50 : 193 – 221 . 284–305, 350–66, 421–34.
  • Doncaster to Bateson, letter dated Bateson Papers, 1451 JIIA 1913 January 5
  • See for instance his letter to his mother of June 1887, in which he wrote I believe we are, if not in the absolute a fine race, at least vastly finer than our compeers, and therefore I think we are worth preserving not only for our own sakes but for the sake of the whole world too Life 15 15 For unflattering remarks about America see his ‘Common-sense in Racial Problems,’ Life, 373 and 380. For his criticism of research at institutes of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, see Bateson (footnote 12), 76.
  • Bateson to the Council, letter dated Bateson Papers, 4109 JIIA 1909 December 28
  • Bateson . Report of the Director for the Year 1912 , 6 – 6 . JIIA .
  • See Salisbury E.J. Ronald George Hatton, 1886–1965 Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 1966 12 251 258 Hatton's first paper is ‘Paradise Apple Stocks,’ Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, 42 (1917), 361–99.
  • Bateson to Hall, letter dated Bateson Papers, 2148 JIIA 1918 February 23

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