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American medicine in the gilded age: The first technological era

Pages 111-125 | Received 08 Oct 1989, Published online: 23 Aug 2006

  • Ginger , Ray . 1965 . The Age of Excess 93 – 93 . London and New York The number of Americans employed in non-agricultural jobs rose from more than six million in 1870 to over thirteen million by 1890, while the number of those working in agriculture increased from seven million in 1870 to ten million by 1890 (p. 39).
  • Ewing , Charles B. 1891 . The Selection and Physical Examination of the Recruit . Medical Record , 45 : 329 – 329 .
  • Young , James Allen . 1979 . Anthropometric Study of Human Growth in Nineteenth-Century American Medicine . Bulletin of the History of Medicine , 53 : 214 – 243 . (p. 221)
  • Dunglison , Robley . 1842 . Medical Lexicon: A New Dictionary of Medical Science Philadelphia
  • Ewing . 1891 . The Selection and Physical Examination of the Recruit . Medical Record , 45 : 331 – 331 . see also Audrey B. Davis, Medicine and its Technology: An Introduction to the History of Medical Technology (Westport, Connecticut: 1973), p. 129–31.
  • Ginger . 1965 . The Age of Excess 183 – 183 . London and New York
  • Dr Terry Hambrecht of NIH provided me with a xerox copy of the trade literature from which this information is taken. See also Davis Audrey B. Triumph Over Disability Washington, D.C. 1973 32 35
  • Asbell , Milton B. 1981 . The Dental Art and its Practitioners in Colonial Philadelphia . The Bulletin of the Philadelphia County Dental Society , 46 : 7 – 7 .
  • Jeffcott , George F. 1955 . A History of the United States Army Dental Service in World War II 7 – 7 . Washington, D.C.
  • Hodgkin , William . 1951 . Dentistry in the Confederacy . Journal of the American Dental Association , 50 : 350 – 350 .
  • Editor . 1890 . Dentists as Manufacturers . Dental Cosmos , 32 : 998 – 998 . and Anniversary volume of S. S. White Company, 1919.
  • I discovered a number of references in which dentists commented on the greater number of their female patients. I discuss this phenomenon in Glenner Richard Davis Audrey B. Burns Stanley The American Dentist: A Pictorial History Pictorial Histories Publications Missorla, Montana 1990
  • Karen Buhler-Wilkerson and I are working on a monograph that will relate the development of visiting nursing in America. See also Buhler-Wilkerson Karen False Dawn: The Rise and Decline of Public Health Nursing in America, 1900–1930 Nursing History: New Perspectives. New Possibilities Lagemann Ellen Condliffe New York 1983 89 106 and Audrey B. Davis ‘With Love and Money: Visiting Nursing in Buffalo, New York, 1885–1915’, New York History, 71 (1990).
  • Davis , Audrey B. 1981 . Life Insurance and the Physical Examination: A Chapter in the Rise of American Medical Technology . Bulletin of the History of Medicine , 55 : 392 – 406 . This paper provides references to some of the primary literature.
  • Reiser , Stanley . 1978 . Medicine and the Reign of Technology 158 – 173 . Cambridge
  • Davis , John L. 1916 . Medical Selection for Life Insurance . Texas State Journal of Medicine , 12 : 229 – 229 .
  • Davis . 1981 . Life Insurance and the Physical Examination: A Chapter in the Rise of American Medical Technology . Bulletin of the History of Medicine , 55 : 401 – 401 .
  • Davis , Audrey B. 1987 . Human Technology in America: Emerging Medical Practices in the Gilded Age . Paper presented at Lehigh University . November 6 1987 , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. This paper contains a discussion of school medical examinations and provides primary sources.
  • Young . 1979 . Anthropometric Study of Human Growth in Nineteenth-Century American Medicine . Bulletin of the Hsitory of Medicine , 53 : 214 – 243 .
  • Sargent , Dudley Allen . 1887 . An Anthropometric Chart 3 – 14 . Cambridge, Massachusetts
  • Sargent , Dudley Allen . 1890 . The Physical Test of Man . American Physical Education Association Reports , 5 : 36 – 36 .
  • Davis . 1987 . Human Technology in America: Emerging Medical Practices in the Gilded Age . Paper presented at Lchigh University . November 6 1987 , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
  • Davis , Audrey B. and Merzbach , Uta C. 1975 . Early Auditory Studies in American University Psychology Laboratories , Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology, No. 31 Washington, D.C.
  • Gould , George M. 1900 . A System of Personal Biologic Examinations of the Condition of Adequate Medical and Scientific Conduct of Life . Journal of the American Medical Association , 35 : 134 – 134 .
  • Davis , Audrey B. and Dreyfuss , Mark S. 1986 . The Finest Instruments Ever Made: A Bibliography of Medical Trade Literature, 1700–1930 Arlington, Massachusetts For a good history of the Tiemann Co., see James M. Edmonson and F. Terry Hambrecht, ‘Introduction’ in George Tiemman and Co., American Armamentarium Chirurgicum, 1889 (San Francisco and Boston, 1989), pp. 1–53; Charles Truax, The Mechanics of Surgery (Chicago, 1899), reprint (San Francisco, 1988); and James Edmonson, ‘Introduction’, pp. vii–xliii.
  • September 1903 . Betz Bargains September , Chicago, Illinois This is a folio size newsprint advertisement, document unpaginated in the Division of Medical Sciences collection, National Museum of American History.
  • Anderson , Odin . 1985 . Health Service in the U.S.: A Growth Enterprise since 1875 54 – 54 . Ann Arbor, Michigan
  • Davis . 1973 . Triumph Over Disability Washington, D.C.
  • Knight , Nancy . 1983 . Pain and Its Relief 60 – 60 . Washington, D.C.
  • Smith , Barbara Clarke and Peiss , Kathy . 1989 . Men and Women: A History of Costume, Gender, and Power: An Exhibition at the National Museum of American History Washington, D.C. and Men and Women: Dressing the Part, edited by Claudia Brush Kidwell and Valerie Steele (Washington, D.C., 1989).
  • Anderson , Odin . 1985 . Health Service in the U.S.: A Growth Enterprise since 1875 19 – 19 . Ann Arbor, Michigan
  • Spidle , Jake W. 1986 . Doctors of Medicine in New Mexico: A History of Health and Medical Practice, 1886–1986 79 – 79 . Albuquerque, New Mexico
  • Spidle , Jake W. 1986 . Doctors of Medicine in New Mexico: A History of Health and Medical Practice, 1886–1986 191 – 191 . Albuquerque, New Mexico
  • Langland , Olaf E. and Peter Fortier , A. 1972 . C. Edmund Kells . Oral Surgery , 34 : 680 – 689 .
  • Davis , Audrey B. 1972 . Rudolf Schindler's Role in the Development of Gastroscopy . Bulletin of the History of Medicine , 46 : 150 – 170 .
  • Ackerknecht , Erwin . 1967 . Medicine at the Paris Hospital, 1794–1848 49 – 49 . Baltimore
  • Wylie , Mary Sykes . 1981 . “ Images of Sickness and Health in American Medical Thought: 1776–1800 and 1835–1865 ” . In Ph.D. dissertation , 287 – 287 . Washington D.C. : American University .

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