References
- ‘To the unknown Dr. Colbatch, Upon his several Most ingenious Tracts in Physick, Especially that of Alkalies and Acids’, introducing Colbatch, A Relation Of a very Sudden and Extraordinary Cure of a Person Bitten by a Viper, By the Means of Acids 1698 The full citations to Colbatch's fifteen books are given in the Bibliography, in chronological order.
- Munk , William . 1878 . The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London , second edition Vol. I , 517 – 517 . London Munk's information came from the Annals of the Royal College of Physicians.
- ‘Colbatch, Sir John (d. 1729), physician, a native of Worcester, where he practised for some years as an apothecary, was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians on 22 Dec. 1696, was knighted by George I on 5 June 1716, and died on 15 January 1728/9. His books are ridiculed in Garth's “Dispensary”, canto v. He published: … [nine books]. His earlier tracts called forth “Examination of John Colbatch, his books”, by Boulton Richard Dictionary of National Biography London 1887 XI 252 252 1699' (hereafter DNB). This entry, quite unusually, is unsigned.
- Munk , William . 1878 . The Roll of the Royal College of Physicians of London , second edition Vol. I , 517 – 518 . London quotes from Samuel Garth's Dispensary (1699), canto v (see below, p. 501), to prove his point. Munk also lists nine of Colbatch's books, the same ones later mentioned by the DNB.
- Our Colbatch is not mentioned by John Venn J.A. Alumni Cantabrigiensis Cambridge 1924–1927 or Joseph Foster, Alumni Oxoniensis, 1500–1714 (Oxford, 1891–1892). Clark mentions Colbatch in the context of the disputes within the College in the 1690s, simply noting his complaint against John Radcliffe and the fact that when accused of speaking ill of the College Colbatch blamed his words on John Badger (on whom, see below, p. 487). Since Colbatch was not admitted as a Fellow, Clark's conclusion that ‘Dr. Colbatch was the only fellow admitted between 1694 and 1701’, is wrong (the only Fellow admitted in the period was D. Nicolas, and several physicians were made Candidates during these years): G. N. Clark, A History of the Royal College of Physicians (Oxford, 1964), II, 471.
- Wing , Donald . 1972–1988 . Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and British America, and of English Books Printed in other Countries, 1641–1700 , second edition New York compiler John Colbatch BA, MA, BD, and DD (1706) served for some years as chaplain at Lisbon between his BD and DD degrees (John and J. A. Venn, Alumni Cantabrigiensis, I, Pt. 1); he, and not our medical practitioner, pace the STC, is therefore certainly the author of An Account of the Court of Portugal (London, 1700), with French translation as Relation de la Cour de Portugal sous D. Pedre II. A Present Regnant. Traduite de l'Anglois (Amsterdam, 1702). Although the practitioner Colbatch is credited by the British Library with Jodocus Crull, Memoires of Denmark (London, 1700), Dutch edition as Mémoires de Dannemark, contenant la vie et le regne de defunt Christienne v, roy de Dannemark et la Norvege, etc. Trad. de l'anglois (Utrecht, 1701), it, too, was undoubtedly by the divine.
- Thompson , C.J.S. 1928 . The Quacks of Old London London Thompson probably makes no mention of Colbatch because he was not one of those who advertised his practice by handbills, the two collections of these in the British Library being the major sources of Thompson's work. Roy Porter has recently mentioned Colbatch in passing in a line in his Health for Sale: Quackery in England 1660–1850 (Manchester, 1989), p. 44. Colbatch is treated all too briefly in my The Decline of the Old Medical Regime in Stuart England (Ithaca, 1986), pp. 214 and 237; he gets more space in H. J. Cook, ‘Practical Medicine and the British Armed Forces After the “Glorious Revolution”’, Medical History, 34 (1990), 16–20. The only other treatment of Colbatch I have been able to discover is a short discussion of his ‘hymn’ to mistletoe of 1719, in Leo Kanner, ‘Mistletoe, Magic and Medicine’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 7 (1939), 875–936 (pp. 928–9).
- Wood , Anthony . 1820 . Fasti Oxonienses, or Annals of the University of Oxford Vol. II , 160 – 160 . London 230, 291. According to J. F. Payne's article in the DNB, IV, 73, people of distinction from the vicinity of Worcester consulted Cole.
- Cole , William . 1689 . A Physico-Medical Essay Concerning the late frequency of Apoplexies. Together with a general Method of their Prevention, and Cure. In a Letter to a Physitian 113 – 113 . Oxford Cole's letter of 1681 had called forth Sydenham's Dissertatio Epistolaris ad spectatissimum doctissimumque virum Gulielmum Cole. M.D. De observationibus nuperis circa curationem Variolarum confluentium: nec non De affectione Hysterica (London, 1682).
- Colbatch , J. 1695 . Novum Lumen Chirurgicum: Or, A New Light of Chirurgery concludes with praise for William Cole, p. 81. Cole will figure further in the account below.
- For example Colbatch J. A Treatise of the Gout: Wherein both its Cause and Cure are demonstrably made appear 1697 is dedicated ‘To the Worthy Dr. William Cole’; J. Colbatch, The Doctrine of Acids in the Cure of Diseases Farther Asserted (1698) recommends a course of treatment following that of ‘the Great Dr. Cole’, p. 102; J. Colbatch, A Dissertation Concerning Mistletoe (1719) and J. Colbatch, A Dissertation Concerning Mistletoe … The Second Edition (1720) report a medical case in the words of Cole, pp. 13–4.
- Cole became a Candidate of the London College of Physicians on 26 June 1693, and a Fellow one year later (25 June 1694), Annals of the Royal College of Physicians 6 144 145 fols. 69 (hereafter, Annals). My thanks to the Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians for permission to cite their records.
- Digby's famous ‘weapon salve’, which stopped the bleeding of wounds by application to the weapons which caused them, was in fact a ‘powder of sympathy’, or in Latin a ‘vulnerary’ powder. For a description of making the powder, see Digby Kenelm A Late Discourse Made in a Solemne Assembly of nobles and Learned Men at Montpellier in France … Touching the Cure of wounds by the Powder of Sympathy; With Instructions how to make the said Powder; whereby many other Secrets of Nature are unfolded , second edition London 1658 137 142 translated by R. White Also see Allen G. Debus, ‘Fludd, Gilbert and the Weapon-Salve’, Journal of the History of Medicine, 19 (1964), 389–417; and William F. Bynum, ‘The Weapon Salve in Seventeenth-Century English Drama’, Journal of the History of Medicine, 21 (1966), 8–23.
- Colbatch . Novum Lumen Chirurgicum , 81 – 82 .
- Colbatch . Novum Lumen Chirurgicum , 27 – 39 .
- For a recent summary of contemporary medical empiricism, see Porter Roy The Quacks of Old London London 1928
- Cowper , William . 1693/4 . An Account of some Experiments lately made on Dogs, and of the Effects of Mr. John Colbatch's Styptick on Humane Bodies . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , 18 ( 208 ) : 42 – 42 . February According to Colbatch, he performed these initial experiments for the surgeons, with Cowper among the observers: J. Colbatch, Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum: Or, the New Light of Chirurgery Vindicated (1695), p. 69.
- There seems to have been quite a bit of current interest in surgical experiments on dogs: for example, those of the Leiden anatomy professor Charles Drelincourt, in his Experimenta Anatomica, ex vivorum sectionibus petita Heyseum Ernest Gottfr Leiden 1681 which was reviewed with considerable interest in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 15, no. 169 (March 23, 1685), 945–6. Also see G. A. Lindeboom, ‘Dog and Frog—Physiological Experiments’, in Leiden University in the Seventeenth Century: An Exchange of Learning, edited by Th. H. Lunsingh Scheurleer and G. H. M. Posthumus Meyjes (Leiden, 1975), pp. 279–93 (pp. 289–90 on Drelincourt).
- Cowper , William . 1693/4 . An Account of some Experiments lately made on Dogs, and of the Effects of Mr. John Colbatch's Styptick on Humane Bodies . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , 18 ( 208 ) February : 42 – 42 .
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum , 69 – 69 . the language of Cowper's report suggests that the trial had been arranged by Cowper, but the surgeons officially appointed to St Bart's were then George Horsell, Charles Bernard and Robert Stevens: Nellie J. M. Kerling, ‘Chronological List of Physicians and Surgeons’, The Royal Hospital of St. Bartholomew, 1123–1973, edited by Medvei and Thornton (London, 1974), p. 389. Given Bernard's later involvement with testing Colbatch's remedies, he is probably the person who arranged for the experiment in the hospital, although perhaps it was at Cowper's instigation.
- Cowper , William . 1693/4 . An Account of some Experiments lately made on Dogs, and of the Effects of Mr. John Colbatch's Styptick on Humane Bodies . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , 18 ( 208 ) February : 42 – 44 .
- Cowper , William . 1693/4 . An Account of some Experiments lately made on Dogs, and of the Effects of Mr. John Colbatch's Styptick on Humane Bodies . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society , 18 ( 208 ) February : 44 – 44 .
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum , 70 – 70 .
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum , 70 – 70 .
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum , 71 – 71 .
- The issue of personal character and medical practice has a very long history: Galen's books contain many examples of the topos. The question of character with regard to early modern experimental practice has been recently developed by Shapin Steven Schaffer Simon Leviathan and the Air Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life Princeton 1986 Schaffer, ‘Godly Men and Mechanical Philosophers: Souls and Spirits in Restoration Natural Philosophy’, Science in Context, 1 (1987), 55–85; S. Shapin, ‘The House of Experiment in Seventeenth-Century England’, Isis, 79 (1988), 373–404; and S. Shapin, ‘Who was Robert Hooke?’, in Robert Hooke: New Studies, edited by M. Hunter and S. Schaffer (Woodbridge, Suffolk, 1989), pp. 253–85.
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum 72 – 72 .
- This is verified by the fact that J. Colbatch refers to the six or so surgeons who were going to be witnesses Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum 72 72
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum 64 – 64 . ‘I am far from charging him [Bernard] with any thing unfair, for I can hear of no one person who has at any time heard him declare, That the Man at the Hospital bled again after my Powder was applied, and had stopt the Flux of Blood’.
- Letter of C. Bernard to J. Colbatch, undated, British Library, Sloane MSS 1783 [hereafter ‘Sloane’] fols. 80–1.
- Carswell , John . 1969 . The Descent on England 220 – 220 . London
- For example, in May 1689 the King had given a royal licence to sell an antidote against poison ‘from any stage in any city or town’ to Cornelius à Tilbourne, since he had ‘made experiment of the virtue’ of the antidote, ‘to the general satisfaction’ Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1689–90 111 111 and in February 1692 the King received a report from the Earl of Nottingham on a beer that Sir Brian Broughton believed cured ‘green wounds’, which gained the interest of His Majesty. In the later case, too, William wanted some of the liquor sent along so that ‘an experiment’ could be made of it before ‘some further resolution’ would be taken with regard to it (Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1691–92, pp. 130–1).
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chrirugicum 68 – 68 . ‘To the Reader’. The experiments he performed on dogs operated on in front of Lord Cutts were, in his opinion, also being lied about: J. Colbatch, Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum
- May 1694 . Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1694–5 May , 130 – 130 . 10
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum ‘To the Reader’.
- Dedication to J. Colbatch Novum Lumen Chirurgicum J. Colbatch later dedicated a book to the now Lieutenant-General Sir Henry Bellasis, who is said to have helped Colbatch when he ‘stood most in need of your Assistance’: J. Colbatch, A Physico-Medical Essay Concerning Alkaly and Acid (1696), dedication.
- Colbatch , J. A Physico-Medical Essay ‘To the Reader’, and p. 43.
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum ‘To the Reader’.
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum This book was published some time between 3 October 1694 (the date last mentioned in the book), and 18 April 1695, when he reported having seen the ‘libel’ published against his book by the surgeons (on which, see below, note 27): J. Colbatch, Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum. It seems probable that Colbatch's medical patron William Cole introduced him to the publisher Daniel Brown, since it was Brown who had earlier brought out Cole's Novae Hypotheseos, Ad Explicanda Febrium Intermittentium Symptomata et Typos Excogitatae Hypotyposis, Unà cum Ætiologiâ Remediorum; Speciatim verò De Curatione per Corticem Peruvianum. Accessit Dissertatiuncula de Intestinorum Motu Peristaltico (London, 1693).
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum ‘To the Reader’; he often mentions by name one Mr Chomley as a surgeon who helped him: pp. 40–80.
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum sig. b3. He repeated this charge in J. Colbatch, Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum, p. 11.
- W.W. 1695 . Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Extinctum; Or, Med. Colbatch's New Light of Chirurgery Put out. Wherein The dangerous and uncertain Wound-Curing of the Pretending Medicine and the Base Imposture of this Quack-Medicines, are impartially confuted London According to Colbatch, Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum, Preface, this reply to him had come out by 18 April 1695. Both the surgeons' pamphlet and Colbatch's reply were dedicated to the Secretary of War, William Blaithwaite.
- For example Colbatch J. Some Farther Considerations Concerning Alkaly and Acid 1696 ‘Preface’; and J. Colbatch, A Scheme for Proper Methods to be taken, should it please God to visit us with the Plague (1721), ‘Preface’.
- W.W. 1695 . Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Extinctum; Or, Med. Colbatch's New Light of Chirurgery Put out. Wherein The dangerous and uncertain Wound-Curing of the Pretending Medicine and the Base Imposture of this Quack-Medicines, are impartially confuted Vol. VII , London
- W.W. 1695 . Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Extinctum; Or, Med. Colbatch's New Light of Chirurgery Put out. Wherein The dangerous and uncertain Wound-Curing of the Pretending Medicine and the Base Imposture of this Quack-Medicines, are impartially confuted x – x . London xi, 30–1.
- W.W. 1695 . Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Extinctum; Or, Med. Colbatch's New Light of Chirurgery Put out. Wherein The dangerous and uncertain Wound-Curing of the Pretending Medicine and the Base Imposture of this Quack-Medicines, are impartially confuted 61 – 64 . London
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum 68 – 68 .
- Pittis , W. 1716 . Dr. Radcliffe's Life, and Letters , third edition 30 – 30 . London
- Pittis , W. 1716 . Dr. Radcliffe's Life, and Letters , third edition 31 – 32 . London dated July 23, 1695. A large excerpt from the letter is reprinted in Campbell R. Hone, The Life of Dr. John Radcliffe 1652–1714 (London, 1950), pp. 59–60. According to Pittis, Colbatch was ‘a Person whom [Radcliffe] had favoured with his Conversation; more especially, one whom he had recommended’. Although Pittis glossed the letter as showing Radcliffe's support for Colbatch, he printed the letter for the first time in the third edition of his life of Radcliffe, which appeared shortly after Colbatch had been knighted; Pittis was apparently eager to show his hero on Colbatch's side in the early days.
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum Preface.
- Colbatch , J. Some Farther Considerations sigs. A6–A6v.
- Pittis , W. 1716 . Dr. Radcliffe's Life, and Letters , third edition 31 – 32 . London The letter suggests that Radcliffe was egging Colbatch on with mock support; certainly Radcliffe and Colbatch soon were strongly at odds, if they were not when the letter was written (see below, p. 488). On Read, knighted by Queen Anne in 1705, see Gordon W. Jones, ‘A Relic of the Golden Age of Quackery: What Read Wrote’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 37 (1963), 226–38; Roy Porter (footnote 7), 12, 50, 65, 66, 73, 95, 234.
- Anonymous letter (the name at the bottom of the page is torn) from a correspondent in Dublin, 18 September 1698, Sloane 4037, f. 119. Colbatch also associated with the London chemical empiric Moses Stringer, although Colbatch ‘will not pretend to justifie Mr. Stringers conduct in a great many things’: Colbatch J. A Relation Of a very Sudden and Extraordinary Cure of a Person Bitten by a Viper, By the Means of Acids 1698 18 19 Stringer apparently was the person who sold the widely advertised ‘Nectar and Ambrosia’, which he presented to the Tsar upon his visit to London (The Post Boy no. 432 (8–10 February 1697/8)). For another view of Stringer, see John H. Appleby, ‘Moses Stringer (fl. 1695–1713): Iatrochemist and Mineral Master General’, Ambix, 34 (1987), 31–45.
- Colbatch , J. Some Farther Considerations sigs A6–A6v.
- For instance, the preface to Colbatch J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum published by Brown, informs the public that his true powders and tinctures can be had only at ‘Mr. Brown the bookseller's’, all others being only copies. It is also significant that Colbatch's public praise for William Cole (in his Novum Lumen Chirurgicum) is praise for another author published by Brown.
- For instance Plant Marjorie The English Book Trade: An Economic History of the Making and Sale of Books London 1965 96 97 John Feather, The Provincial Book Trade in Eighteenth-Century England (Cambridge, 1985), pp. 83–5.
- Daniel Brown (or Browne) published many books between 1672 and 1729, beginning with a small theological tract: was there something about Colbatch's religious convictions that helped Brown place faith in him? After this start with religious tracts, Brown ‘quickly rose to an important position in the trade. He also sold books by auction’. He was plainly an excellent entrepreneur. Quotations from Plomer Henry R. A Dictionary of the Printers and Booksellers who were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1668 to 1725 Oxford 1922 53 53
- In the language of the day, people like Colbatch were not only ‘authors’ of books, but ‘authors’ of remedies. Brown not only published Colbatch and his friend Cole, but other experimental and controversial medical works: for example De la Chariene Joseph New Chyrurgicall operacions with an explanacion of their causes founded on the structure of the parts, their symptomes alsoe, severall observacions and a generall account of Tumors London 1694/5 Edward Tyson, Orang-outang, sive homo silvestris: or, the anatomy of a pygmie compared with that of a monkey, an ape, and a man. To which is added a philological essay concerning the pygmies, the cynocephali, the satyrs, and sphinges of the ancients (London, 1699); and J. Spinke, Quackery Unmask'd; or, Reflections On the Sixth Edition of Mr. Martin's Treatise of the Venereal Disease, and its Appendix: And the Pamphlet call'd The Charitable Surgeon, etc. (London, 1709).
- One advertisement (in The Post Man 1697 March no. 295 (20–23 said: ‘This is to give notice that the vulnerary Powder and Tinctures (so famous for the safe and speedy cures of all External and Internal wounds) invented by Dr. Colbatch; were constantly sold for a Guinea the Bottle Now for the conveniency of those who can not spare so much money, they are divided into smaller bottles, and sold for half a Guinea each bottle: and each small bottle will cure (at least) ten considerable wounds…’. They were sold by Mr Peter Radison next to the Coach and Horses in Princess St., and Mr. Brown bookseller, without Temple Bar. ‘As for the truth and goodness of the said Medicins, the said Doctor Colbatch will at all times attest, he being bound in an obligation of two Thousand pounds, to Inspect the preparation of all that shall be made, during his life’. Perhaps the ‘two thousand pounds-obligation’ was a guarantee of Colbatch's to return the selling price for the remedy to Brown if the remedies proved no good; it at least suggests that Colbatch was good for a large sum.
- Annals , 7 fol. 30 (3 July 1696); undated letter of Colbatch to Sloane, Sloane 4026, f. 431: ‘I Presume to waite on you in order to my being admitted as licentiate’.
- Annals , 7 fols. 30, 32 (14 August 1696), 33 (11 September 1696). As with other licentiates, the examiners must have asked their questions in English, since Colbatch shows little signs of Latinate learning.
- Baynard had had problems of his own with the College officers, having been dropped from the published list of college members in 1693: see Cook H.J. Decline of the Old Medical Regime in Stuart England Ithaca 1986 226 226
- 1696 . Annals , 7 September fol. 33 (11
- Annals , 7 fol. 91.
- See Cook H.J. Decline of the Old Medical Regime in Stuart England Ithaca 1986 227 228 235–6. Badger was paid by the Society of Apothecaries: Soc. of Apothecaries, Court of Assistants, Minute Books, 22 May and 25 August 1696 (Guildhall MSS No. 8200, vol. 4, fols. 31, 38). Also see Badger's letter to the Society of Apothecaries, Sloane 4026, fols. 386–7.
- 1696/7 . Annals , 7 March fols. 97–8 (5 The request was denied.
- Cook , H.J. 1986 . Decline of the Old Medical Regime in Stuart England 210 – 240 . Ithaca on Cole and Baynard, pp. 226, 228, 235, 246.
- On this point, Clark's instincts were sound: Clark History of the Royal College 471 471
- See Cook H.J. Practical Medicine and the British Armed Forces After the “Glorious Revolution” Medical History 1990 34 16 20
- E[mes] , T[homas] . 1698 . A dialogue Between Alkali and Acid: Containing Divers Philosophical and Medicinal Considerations Wherein A late Pretended New Hypothesis, asserting Alkali the Cause, and Acid the Cure of all Diseases; is proved Groundless and Dangerous 24 – 24 . London suggests that Colbatch had been brought aboard in order to write against John Badger of William Salmon, two of the College's enemies: ‘I can hardly think, they would so readily have given you a Licence; but that they expected you would do something for them, they could not do for themselves; run down a Badger, catch the Salmon, or some other piece of Difficulty’.
- Colbatch , J. A Physico-Medical Essay when he began to write it is explained in Colbatch, Some Farther Considerations, Preface.
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum 17 – 17 .
- J. Colbatch's comments about fermentations and heat as a sulphurous substance suggest commonplace ideas in the period, ideas that had been best presented in England in Willis's Thomas Pharmaceutice Rationalis first published in Latin in two parts at Oxford, 1674 and 1675; it had an English translation by S[amuel] P[ordage], as Pharmaceutice Rationalis: Or, an Exercitation of the Operations of Medicines in Humane Bodies, Shewing The Signs, Causes, and Cures of most Distempers incident thereunto. In Two Parts. As also, A Treatise of the Scurvy (London, 1679), with a revised edition in 1681; Pordage also translated Willis's The Remaining medical works… Viz. I. of fermentations. II. Of Feavours. II. Of Urines. IV. Of the ascension of the bloud. V. Of musculary motion. VI. Of the anatomy of the brain. VII. Of the description and use of the nerves. VIII. Of convulsive diseases… Englished by S. P. Esq. (London, 1681) reprinted 1684; there had also appeared Eugenius ‘Philiatros’, The London Practice of Physick: Or the whole Practical Part of Physick Contained in the Works of Dr. Willis. Faithfully made English, and Printed together for the Pubick Good (London, 1685). Willis's books had an obvious interest to someone practising as an apothecary.
- Colbatch , J. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum 1 – 39 . quotations p. 37.
- For an elaboration of this point, see Cook H.J. Physicians and the New Philosophy: Henry Stubbe and the Virtuosi-Physicians Medical Revolution in the Seventeenth Century French Roger Wear Andrew Cambridge 1989 246 271 in and H. J. Cook, ‘The New Philosophy and Medicine in Seventeenth-Century England’, in Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution, edited by David Lindberg and Robert Westman (Cambridge, 1990), pp. 397–436.
- Thijssen-Schoute , C. Louise . 1954 . Nederlands Cartesianisme 258 – 260 . Utrecht 1989 Marie Boas Hall, ‘Acid and Alkali in Seventeenth Century Chemistry’, Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences, 34 (1956), 13–28; Hélène Metzger, Les Doctrines Chimiques en France du début du XVIIe à fin du XVIIIe Siècle (Paris, 1969), pp. 199–219. One of the best elaborations of the acid and alkali theory was Cornelís Bontekoe's Fragmenta, dienende tot een ondewys van de beweginge, en vyandschap … van het acidum met het alcali (Amsterdam, 1683), translated into Latin by Cornelis Blankaart as Fundamenta Medica, Sive de Alcali et Acidi Effectibus per modum fermentionis et effervescentiae (Amsterdam, 1688).
- Anon. The Principles of the Chymists of London Stated, with the Reasons of their Dissent from the Colledge of Physicians London 1676 49 63
- Boyle , Robert . 1675 . Experiments, Notes, &c. about the mechanical origin or Production of divers particular Qualities: among which is inserted, a Discourse of the Imperfection of the Chemist's Doctrine of Qualities; together with some Reflections upon the Hypothesis of Alkali and Acidum
- Baumann , E.D. 1949 . François Dele Boe Sylvius 206 – 206 . Leiden Sylvius was one of Bontekoe's professors at Leiden.
- Boyle , Robert . 1772 . Works Edited by: Birch , Thomas . Vol. IV , 286 – 286 . reprint Hildesheim, 1966
- Boyle , Robert . 1772 . Works Edited by: Birch , Thomas . Vol. IV , 287 – 287 . reprint Hildesheim, 1966
- Boyle , Robert . 1772 . Works Edited by: Birch , Thomas . Vol. IV , 291 – 291 . reprint Hildesheim, 1966
- Colbatch , J. A Physico-Medical Essay ‘Preface’.
- Harris , Walter . 1683 . Pharmacologia Anti-Empirica: Or a Rational Discourse of Remedies both Chymical and Galenical 85 – 85 . London Harris also believed that children's diseases were caused by the moistness of children degenerating into acids, and hence that they were best treated with alkalies: Harris, An Exact Enquiry Into, and Cure of the Acute Diseases of Infants, Englished by W[illiam] C[ockburn] (London, 1693), p. 5.
- Colbatch , J. A Physico-Medical Essay Preface.
- Colbatch , J. A Physico-Medical Essay and J. Colbatch, Some Farther Considerations. In the preface to J. Colbatch, Some Farther Considerations, dated 25 March 1696, he notes that he is preparing a ‘History of Human Blood' to further support his views, which he hopes to have ready for the press in June, but it never appeared.
- Moreover, the Committee of the College of Physicians on 6 June 1690 had tested some bottles of mineral water from different places in Europe brought by Dr Lorimes, Physician-in-ordinary and Proto medicus of Spa, by dissolving gall in them. One ‘did tinge of a light Champaine’, another gave ‘a good Claret Colour’, a third ‘did not much alter its Colour with the Gall appeared only of a Pale Champaine’. This suggests that the physicians were interested in how acid the various waters were. On colour tests for acids and alkalies, see below Minutes of Ye Comm. of Ye Coll. of Phys: 1681–97 493 494 Sloane 3915, fol. 81
- Cole , William . 1689 . A Physico-Medical Essay Concerning the late frequency of Apoplexies. Together with a general Method of their Prevention, and Cure. In a Letter to a Physitian Oxford ‘But as to the several Chalybeate preparations, give me leave so much to digress (if you will call it a digression) as to say, that I think, if the parts of our body and crasis of the bloud are only to be strengthened, and no store of Acids abound; those of them that have been opened by Acids, and so reduced to a Vitriol, are most useful…’, pp. 148–9. He went on to suggest that the ‘Vitriolate particles’ in Chalybeates ‘are confessedly styptical’ (pp. 151–2): a suggestion that had been followed up by Colbatch?
- See Baynard E. An Account of the probable Causes of the Pain in Rheumatisms; as also of the Cure of a total Suppression of Urine, not caused by a Stone, by the Use of Acids; as communicated by Dr. Edward Baynard, Fellow of the Colledge of Physicians, London Philosophical Transactions January–February 1694/1695 19 219 19 20 Written in the third person, this paper discussed how Baynard had cured a suppression of urine by administering vinegar when Charles Bernard (the surgeon who had earlier experimented with Colbatch's wound medicine and found it wanting) could not successfully bring on urination by a catheter. The essay also mentions Baynard's connections to one Mr Bannister, an apothecary in Old Fish-Street, London, and Dr Cole. The story is repeated in J. Colbatch, Some Farther Considerations, p. 14.
- I presume he is the author of Jones John Noverum dissertationem de morbis abstrusioribus tractatus primus: de febribus intermittentibus. In quo obiter febris continuae natura explicatur? London 1683
- Quoted in Colbatch J. A Treatise of the Gout 12 13 Colbatch had earlier praised the civilities toward him of the ‘learned Dr. Jones’, who also cured with acids, in J. Colbatch, Some Farther Considerations, pp. 88–9.
- Colbatch , J. Some Farther Considerations Dedication. He went on to say ‘Honoured Sir, The Civil and Gentlemanlike Treatment I met with the first time I saw you, and the many Favours I have received from you since I have been honoured with your more Intimate Acquaintance, emboldens me to prostrate this Trifle at your Feet’ (sig. A2). Also see p. 90. Colbatch later also quoted ‘that Prodigy of Nature, the learned Mrs. Ann Baynard’, in J. Colbatch, Relation Of a very Sudden… Cure, sig. A2.
- Colbtach , J. A Treatise of the Gout
- The idea that scurvy could be cured by acids, including citrus fruits, had a long history: see, for example Woodall John The Surgeons' Mate London 1617 184 186
- Colbatch , J. A Physico-Medical Essay conclusion.
- Colbatch , J. Some Farther Considerations
- Colbatch , J. A Treatise of the Gout xiii – xxii .
- Hall , Marie Boas . 1956 . Acid and Alkali in Seventeenth Century Chemistry . Archives Internationales d'Histoire des Sciences , 34 : 13 – 28 . ‘Acid and Alkali’, 19–20; J. R. Partington, A History of Chemistry, 4 vols (London, 1961–1970), II, 533–4.
- A royal physican to Louis XIV and professor of medicine at Caen, what little is known of André is summarized in the Nouvelle Biographie Générale Paris 1857–66 II col. 556.
- André , François . 1677 . Entretiens sur l'acid et l'alcali, où sont examinées les objections de M. Boyle contre ces principes Paris it had another printing in 1681, and translations into Italian and English. I have not seen the edition that was according to Marie Boas Hall printed in 1672: Hall (footnote 82), 17; also see Hélène Metzger (footnote 82), 207–8, 217–8. It is the English translation that Colbatch cites: François André, Chymical Disceptations: Or, Discourses upon Acid and Alkali. Wherein are Examined the Objections Of Mr. Boyle against these Principles. Together with a Reply to a Letter of Mr. S. Doctor of Physick, & Fellow of the Colledg of…, wherein many Errors are eorrected, touching the Nature of these two Salts…. To which is added, by the Translator, a Discourse of Phlebotomy, shewing the Absolute Evils, together with the Accidental Benefits thereof, in some Cases, translated by J. W. (London, 1689) (hereafter ‘André’). The translation of André's book was one of the very few sources cited by Colbatch; he also quite unusually referred the reader to a page number in André: J. Colbatch, The Doctrine of Acids … Farther Asserted, pp. 29–30.
- For example André Sal Alkali whitens Linnen and cleanseth stuffs 27 27
- For example André Sal Alkali whitens Linnen and cleanseth stuffs 57 63
- For example André Sal Alkali whitens Linnen and cleanseth stuffs 68 72
- For example André Sal Alkali whitens Linnen and cleanseth stuffs 65 68 The Dutch defender of acids and alkalies, Cornelis Bontekoe, also recommended the use of colours as ‘an acid test’: “insonderheyt agt te staan op de veranderinge van de coleuren, en op het geene na de grond geprecipiteert word: soo kan de Mercurius door het acidum gesolveert, de vitriol door't water, en soo ook de metalla, vegetabilia, en animalia behoorlijk geexamineert worden’. Bontekoe, Alle de Philosophische, Medicinale en Chymische Werken (Amsterdam, 1689), II, pt. 2, p. 187.
- André . 65 – 66 .
- Colbatch , J. A Treatise of the Gout 2 – 3 .
- Colbatch , J. A Treatise of the Gout 15 – 43 . quotation from pp. 21–2.
- Colbatch , J. A Treatise of the Gout 132 – 135 .
- Colbatch , J. Relation Of a very Sudden … Cure 16 – 16 .
- Colbatch , J. Relation Of a very Sudden … Cure xxiv – xxv . xxiii.
- DNB , IV 1298 – 1299 . article by Sir Leslie Stephen. Coward published Second Thoughts concerning the Human Soul (1702), which argued that there was no such thing as separate soul, but that immortality will be given to the whole man upon resurrection, to which he added The Grand Essay; or a Vindication of Reason and Religion against Impostures of Philosophy, to which was appended an Epistolary Reply, which led to a complaint in the House of Commons on 10 March 1703/4. The House declared that his books contained offensive doctrines, and ordered them burnt by the common hangman, although Coward continued to publish on the subject.
- Colbatch , J. The Doctrine of Acids … Farther Asserted says that just as the last sheets of his book were going to press, Coward's book appeared: ‘How far he has overthrown my Hypothesis I leave to all imparital Judges. For my part I don't think the Book worth a Reply: He has taken a great deal of Pains to shew his Learning and Gentleman-like Education in his scurrilous Reflections upon me; but considering the service his Book will do me, I think I have no reason to be angry with him’ (p. 128). Colbatch's book has a preface dated 8 October, 1697. Coward's book was advertised in the London newspaper The Post Boy no. 402 (30 November–2 December 1697).
- Coward , William . 1698 . Alcali Vindicatum: Or, The Acid Opiniator not guilty of Truth. Being an Impartial Enquiry into the Fallacious Reasons and Erroneaus Philisophy of a late Physico-Medical Essay Touching Alcali and Acid. Especially as they relate to the Cause or Cure of the Small Pox, Scurvy, Gout, Rheumatism and Consumption. To which is added a Discourse of the Nature and Usefulness of an Hypothesis in Relation to the Practice of Physick. With a Description of a most Excellent Medicine call'd ‘Tinctura Sanitatis’, of great use in all Diseases of the Head and Stomack especially 122 – 123 . London
- Coward , William . Alcali Vindicatum 139 – 184 . Coward dedicated his book to Charles, Earl of Maclesfield, who was said to have observed the usefulness of the ‘tinctura sanitatis’ in the cure of his sister, Lady Gerard of Bromly.
- Colbatch , J. Relation Of a very Sudden … Cure 112 – 112 .
- E[mes] . A Dialogue Between Alkali and Acid This quite excellent summary of the intellectual issues in the medical debate was advertised in the London newspapers The Post Man no. 537 (12–15 November 1698), and in The Flying Post no. 580 (26–28 January 1698/9). An anonymous person replied to Emes with A Letter to a Physician concerning Acid and Alkali, to which Emes, replied with A Letter to a Gentleman concerning Alkali and Acid (London, 1700).
- 1698 . “ S. W., no inconsiderable Branch of the College ” . In An Examination of a Late Treatise of the Gout: Wherein John Colbatch's Demonstrations are briefly Refuted, the College cleared from his scandalous Imputations; And a short Account of his Vulnerary Powder London calls the College his ‘masters’ in his Preface.
- S.W. An Examination of a Late Treatise of the Gout
- Colbatch , J. June 1698 . Relation Of a very Sudden… Cure June , sig. A4. This book of Colbatch's was advertised in The Post Boy no. 491 (28–30
- Colbatch . The Doctrine of Acids … Farther Asserted In this tract, whose preface is dated 8 October 1697, Colbatch printed a letter to him of 9 August 1697 from Tuthill raising various objections to his book on the Gout, especially his test using syrup of violets; Tuthill replied in print with A Vindication of some Objections Lately Raised against Dr. John Colbatch his Hipothesis (London, 1698), in which he tried to persuade Colbatch that he was being too dogmatic in his views. Colbatch replied to Tuthill in print again, in J. Colbatch, Relation Of a very Sudden … Cure, praising his ‘fair Antogonist’ for sticking to the experimental questions, after which Tuthill kept his silence.
- Colbatch , J. The Doctrine of Acids … Farther Asserted 21 – 21 .
- 29 Court of Assistants, Minute Books, vol. 4: 1694–1716 1695 July Guildhall MSS No. 8200, fol. 14, London Guildhall Library. Goodall was later mocked in two satirical handbills distributed in London. The first advertised that ‘a Superfine Sort of Jesuits Bark ready powder'd and paper'd into Doses’ could be had at ‘Dr. Charles Goodal's, at the Coach and Horses in [the] Physicians Colledg … at 4s per Ounce, or for a Quantity together at £3 per Pound’. The second made more explicit fun of the prices ‘he’ listed in the first handbill, and said that he would now make this powdered bark available not through himself but ‘at Physicians-Hall’. Handbills no. 28 and 29, British Library collection, call number C.122.f.9.
- Annals , 7 fol. 122.
- S.W. An Examination of a Late Treatise of the Gout Dedication.
- Cook , H.J. Physicians and the New Philosophy 255 – 255 .
- See the observations of Biagioli Mario The Social Status of Italian Mathematicians, 1450–1600 History of Science 1989 27 41 95 especially p. 55.
- Letter of Ar. Charlett to Sloane, 11 Sloane 4037, fol. 26 1697/8 February
- Boulton , Richard . 1697 . A treatise of the reason of muscular motion: or the efficient causes of the contraction of a muscle. Wherein most of the phaenomena about muscular motion are explained London A Treatise Concerning the Heat of the Blood: And also of the Use of the Lungs (London, 1698). This last, dedicated to Revd Dr Jo. Meare, Principal of Brazen-Nose and Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, had carned the imprimatur of the College (dated 5 March 1697/8) during Goodall's Censorship.
- Boulton , Richard . 1699 . A Letter to Dr. Charles Goodall, Physician to the Charter-House; Occasioned By his Late Printed Letter, Entituled, A Letter from the Learned and Reverend Dr. Charles Goodall, to his Honoured Friend Dr. Leigh, etc. To which is Annexed, An Answer to a Sheet of Paper, Entituled, A Reply to Mr. Richard Boulton, etc. London a comment by Boulton on p. 11 suggests that he first approached Goodall on 18 May 1698; he had received the imprimatur of the College for his book in March.
- Boulton , Richard . 1699 . A Letter to Dr. Charles Goodall, Physician to the Charter-House; Occasioned by his Late Printed Letter, Entituled, A Letter from the Learned and Reverend Dr. Charles Goodall, to his Honoured Friend Dr. Leigh, etc. To which is Annexed, An Answer to a Sheet of Paper, Entituled, A Reply to Mr. Richard Boulton, etc. 10 – 11 . London As quoted by Boulton, Goodall's message, sent via a third party, said: ‘be pleased to acquaint him, that there is a Work in a certain Part of Natural History, which he is very capable to perform, and will be both Reputable and Advantageous to him; but that for some Reason you cannot as yet acquaint him with Particulars. But let him disengage himself from all other Studies, reserve himself wholly for this, and come to Town as soon as his affairs will permit’.
- I am currently at work on a study of Groenevelt; for a brief review of his problems with the College of Physicians, see Cook H.J. Decline of the Old Medical Regime in Stuart England Ithaca 1986 240 243
- Boulton , Richard . 1699 . A Letter to Dr. Charles Goodall, Physician to the Charter-House; Occasioned By his Late Printed Letter, Entituled, A Letter from the Learned and Reverend Dr. Charles Goodall, to his Honoured Friend Dr. Leigh, etc. To which is Annexed, An Answer to a Sheet of Paper, Entituled, A Reply to Mr. Richard Boulton, etc. 11 – 12 . London Goodall wrote to Hans Sloane on 26 October 1698, requesting that Sloane let Boulton borrow some of his books to compose his attack on Groenevelt: Sloane 4037, fol. 143. Unfortunately for Boulton, he later found that Goodall had little credit in Oxford.
- The text of Goodall's letter to Leigh was first printed in Leigh Charles A Reply to Mr. Richard Bolton of Brazen-Nose-College in Oxford; Occasion'd by his presuming to Dedicate His Last Piece to Charles Goodall, One of the Censors of the College of Physicians London 1698 3 5 and reprinted with Boulton's unflattering comments in Richard Boulton (footnote 138), 4.
- Boulton later reprinted two signed testimonials (probably from servants of the printer) to this effect in Boulton Richard A Letter to Dr. Charles Goodall, Physician to the Charter-House; Occasioned By his Late Printed Letter, Entituled, A Letter from the Learned and Reverend Dr. Charles Goodall, to his Honoured Friend Dr. Leigh, etc. To which is Annexed, An Answer to a Sheet of Paper, Entituled, A Reply to Mr. Richard Boulton, etc. London 1699 6 6 on p. 10, Boulton says Goodall did not just do this with his book, but also ‘corrected’ James Younge's Sidrophel Vapulans: Or, the Quack-Astrologer tossed in a Blanket … in an Epistle to W … m S … n (London, 1699).
- Boulton , Richard . 1698 . An Examination of Mr. John Colbatch his Books, viz. i. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum. ii. Essay of Alkalies and Acids. iii. An Appendix to that Essay. iv. A Treatise of the Gout. v. The Doctrine of Acids Further Asserted, etc. vi. A Relation of a Person Bitten by a Viper, etc. To which is added, An Answer to Dr. Leigh's Remarks on a Treatise concerning the Heat of the Blood. Together with Remarks on Dr. Leigh's Book intituled Exercitationes Quinq; Printed at a private Press in Oxford without the License of the University. As Also A Short View of Dr. Leigh's Reply to Mr. Colbatch, etc. 1 – 252 . London reply to Colbatch's tracts one-by-one; pages 253–87 take on Leigh's remarks against Boulton, and pages 288–91 are a ‘postscript’ on Leigh's views of Colbatch.
- Leigh , Charles . 1698 . Remarks on Mr. Richard Bolton's Piece, Concerning The Heat of the Blood Manchester his earlier work had been Excercitationes quinque printed at Oxford.
- Leigh , Charles . 1698 . A Reply to John Colebatch, Upon his late Piece, Concerning The Curing the Biting of a Viper by Acids Manchester this book was advertised as just published in the London newspaper The Post Man, no. 510 (1–3 September 1698).
- Boulton , Richard . 1698 . An Examination of Mr. John Colbatch his Books, viz. i. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum. ii. Essay of Alkalies and Acids. iii. An Appendix to that Essay. iv. A Treatise of the Gout. v. The Doctrine of Acids Further Asserted, etc. vi. A Relation of a Person Bitten by a Viper, etc. To which is added, An Answer to Dr. Leigh's Remarks on a Treatise concerning the Heat of the Blood. Together with Remarks on Dr. Leigh's Book intituled Exercitationes Quinq; Printed at a private Press in Oxford without the License of the University. As Also A Short View of Dr. Leigh's Reply to Mr. Colbatch, etc. 256 – 256 . London
- Boulton , Richard . 1698 . An Examination of Mr. John Colbatch his Books, viz. i. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum. ii. Essay of Alkalies and Acids. iii. An Appendix to that Essay. iv. A Treatise of the Gout. v. The Doctrine of Acids Further Asserted, etc. vi. A Relation of a person Bitten by a Viper, etc. To which is added, An Answer to Dr. Leigh's Remarks on a Treatise concerning the Heat of the Blood. Together with Remarks on Dr. Leigh's Book intituled Exercitationes Quinq; Printed at a private Press in Oxford without the License of the University. As Also A Short View of Dr. Leigh's Reply to Mr. Colbatch, etc. 259 – 259 . London
- Wilkinson , William . 1699 . “ Footman to the Dr. [Goodall] ” . In A Two-Penny Answer to R. Boulton's Six-Penny Letter to Dr. Charles Goodall, &c. 13 – 13 . London
- Leigh , Charles . 1698 . A Reply to Mr. Richard Bolton of Brazen-Nose-College in Oxford; Occasion'd by his presuming to Dedicate His Last Piece to Charles Goodall, One of the Censors of the College of Physicians 3 – 5 . London Richard Boulton (footnote 138), Preface.
- Letter of Charles Goodall to Sloane, Sunday night, 11 Sloane 4037, fol. 140 1698 December
- Leigh , Charles . 1698 . A Reply to Mr. Richard Bolton of Brazen-Nose-College in Oxford; Occasion'd by his presuming to Dedicate His Last Piece to Charles Goodall, One of the Censors of the College of Physicians 3 – 5 . London
- Boulton , Richard . 1699 . A Letter to Dr. Charles Goodall, Physician to the Charter-House; Occasioned By his Late Printed Letter, Entituled, A Letter from the Learned and Reverend Dr. Charles Goodall, to his Honoured Friend Dr. Leigh, etc. To which is Annexed, An Answer to a Sheet of Paper, Entituled, A Reply to Mr. Richard Boulton, etc. London the letter is dated 18 January 1698/9; it was advertised for sale in the London newspaper The Post Man no. 579 (21–23 February 1699). According to Wilkinson's Two-Penny Answer (footnote 149), 8, Boulton did not have the money or credit to print his Letter until a publisher had offered him an advance for his summary of Boyle's works.
- 1698/9 . February (3–8
- 1699 . February (14–16
- Wilkinson . Two-Penny Answer 13 – 13 . It is certainly possible that Goodall ‘edited’ this tract himself.
- It did not finally end the dispute over acids and alkalies, however: see, for example, ‘An Examen of the Chalybeat, or Spa-Waters, called by the Germans Acid or Sowre-Brunns, or Fountains; but prov'd to be of a contrary Nature, that is, Alkali's. By Slare Fred. Fellow of the College of Physicians and Royal Society Philosophical Transactions 1713 28 337 247 247
- Garth , Samuel . May 1699 . The Dispensary May , 61 – 66 . Canto 5, lines version quoted from Poems on Affairs of State, edited by Frank H. Ellis (New Haven, 1970), vi (1697–1704), 107.
- For instance Spite and Spleen: Or the Doctor run Mad 1699 on Dr Edward Tyson; Vindiciae Pharmacapolae, or an Answer to the Doctors Complaints against Apothecaries (c. 1699).
- Ward , Edward . 1700 . A Journey to Hell: Or, a Visit paid to the Devil 29 – 29 . London In The continuation of the poem, Hell in an Uproar, Occasioned by A Scuffle That Happened between the Lawyers and the Physicians, for Superiority. A Satyr (London, 1700), has the doctors and lawyers coming to blows at a feast in Hell over ‘which of those/Professions ought by Cheating most to take/ The upper-hand … in this Sulph'rous Lake’; in the end, it is judged a worse crime to ruin subjects than to poison kings, and so the lawyers get to sib before the physicians.
- Brown , Thomas . 1719 . Works , fourth edition Vol. III , 95 – 95 . London Amusements Serious and Comical
- Colbatch , J. 1698 . Four Treatises of Physick and Chirurgery Brown also brought out J. Colbatch, Novum Lumen Chirurgicum in a third edition in 1698, a fourth edition in 1699, and another edition in 1704; John Colbatch, Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Vindicatum in a third edition in 1698; second and third editions of Colbatch, A Physico-Medical Essay in 1698 and a fourth edition thereafter; a third (1698) and fourth edition (1699) of J. Colbatch, Some Farther Considerations; second (1698) and third (1699) editions of J. Colbtach, A Treatise of the Gout; a second edition of Colbatch, The Doctrine of Acids … Farther Asserted; and a second edition (1699) of Colbatch, Relation Of a very Sudden … Cure.
- Boyle , Robert . 1699 . The works of Hon. Robert Boyle epitomiz'd. By Richard Boulton Vol. 3 ,
- For more on these problems, see Cook H.J. Decline of the Old Medical Regime in Stuart England Ithaca 1986 210 253
- Colbatch , J. A Dissertation Concerning Misletoe , 2nd edition slightly expanded in J. Colbatch, A Dissertation Concerning Misletoe … This book suggests that the power of the ancient Druids stemmed from their knowledge of the uses of mistletoe.
- Colbatch , J. Scheme for Proper Methods and J. Colbatch, Observations upon the Scheme Lately Published (1721).
- Colbatch , J. The Generous Physician, or Medicine made easy Although there is no date given on the title page, the British Library copy has the date ‘1733’ pencilled in at bottom of the page; inked on the inside of the title page is the note: ‘N.B.: This book was publish'd in sixpenny Numbers under the following Title, which is the running Title of hereof: “Dr. Colbatch's Legacy or the family Physician”, Lond, by Jn. Roberts, 1733’. The contents are a bit odd for a family manual (probably being the reason that only diseases to the letter ‘B’ were printed) but do exhibit some of Colbatch's interests: Abortion (that is, how to avoid miscarriages), Ague, St Anthony's Fire, Apoplexy, Appetite Lost, Appetite Vitiated, Aphthae or Thrush, Asthma, Beating or Palpitation of the Heart, Belching or Ructation, Bite of a Mad Dog, Viper, etc., Bleeding at the Nose, Blood spitting, Blood-Vomiting, and Bruises.
- His will, made out soon after his knighthood on 26 June 1716, was witnessed by Sir Philip and Elizabeth Boteler of Teston, Kent; it was probated in mid-March 1729: Public Record Office, Chancery Lane, Prob. 11/628/67, fols. 162–3
- On commercialism and political culture, see especially the work of Brewer John Commercialization and Politics The Birth of a Consumer Society: The Commercialization of Eighteenth-Century England McKendrick Neil Brewer John Plumb J.H. Bloomington, Indiana 1982 197 262 on commericalization and medicine, see the work of Roy Porter, especially his ‘The Language of Quackery in England, 1660–1800’, in The Social History of Language, edited by P. Burke and R. Porter (Cambridge, 1987), pp. 73–103; and R. Porter, Health for Sale (footnote 7).
- Quoted in Rosen George Sir William Temple and the Therapeutic Use of Moxa for Gout in England Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1970 44 36 36 quoting from Temple's ‘Essay upon the Cure of the Gout by Moxa’, written in 1677 and published in his Miscellanea (London, 1680), p. 207.
- This problem had already become pressing with the growth of the new philosophy in the 1660s: Cook H.J. Decline of the Old Medical Regime in Stuart England Ithaca 1986 133 182 H. J. Cook, ‘Physicians and the New Philosophy’; and H. J. Cook, ‘The New Philosophy and Medicine’ (footnote 81).