- Michael Hoare in particular has chronicled this neglect; see Hoare M.E. Science and Scientific Associations in Eastern Australia, 1820–1890 Australian National University 1974 PhD dissertation Chapter 1; ‘Light on Our Past: Australian Science in Retrospect’, Search, 6, No. 7 (July, 1975), 285–90.
- In the words of Hilary and Steven Rose, the view is epitomized by Karl Popper who ‘sought to explain how better theory drove out worse theory’. Rose Hilary Rose Steven The Incorporation of Science The Political Economy of Science Hilary Rose Steven London 1976 14 31 (p. 16).
- Rod Home has also made this point. See Home R. History of Science in Australia Isis 1982 73 337 342 (p. 341).
- On which see Roy MacLeod's excellent review essay Changing Perspectives in the Social History of Science Science, Technology and Society Spiegel-Rosing Ina de Solla Price Derek J. London 1977 149 195
- Fleming , Donald . Science in Australia, Canada, and the United States: Some Comparative Remarks . Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of the History of Science . 1962 , Ithaca. pp. 179 – 196 . Paris
- See, for instance Mozley Ann A Check List of Publications on the History of Australian Science The Australian Journal of Science 1962 25 206 214 ‘Supplement to a Check List of Publications on the History of Australian Science’, ibid., 27 (1964), 8–15; and A Guide to the Manuscript Records of Australian Science (Canberra, 1966).
- Hoare , M.E. 1967 . Learned Societies in Australia: The Foundation Years in Victoria, 1850–1860 . Records of the Australian Academy of Science , 1 ( 2 ) : 7 – 29 . ‘Doctor John Henderson and the Van Diemen's Land Scientific Society’, ibid., 1, No. 3 (1968), 7–24; ‘Some primary sources for the history of scientific societies in Australia in the Nineteenth Century’, ibid., 1, No. 4 (1969), 71–6; Hoare, Science and Scientific Associations (footnote 1).
- Basalla , George . 1967 . The Spread of Western Science . Science , 156 : 611 – 622 .
- MacLeod , Roy . 1982 . On Visiting the Moving Metropolis: Reflections on the Architecture of Imperial Science . Historical Records of Australian Science , 5 ( 3 ) : 1 – 16 .
- Inkster , Ian . 1985 . Scientific Enterprise and the Colonial “Model”: Observations on Australian Experience in Historical Context . Social Studies of Science , 15 : 677 – 704 .
- It has recently been implied that Basalla's concept of independence infers an isolated national science. See the Home and Kohlstedt introduction to their edited collection International Science and National Scientific Identity Dordrecht 1991 2 4 where they suggest that true scientific independence is ‘chimerical’ since the scientific communities of even the most advanced nations engage in exchange with the ‘common pool’ of international science. However, it seems clear that Basalla himself did not intend this isolationist interpretation, and indeed stated explicitly that one of the identifying criteria of an independent national science was the ability of the local scientist ‘to communicate easily his ideas to his fellow scientists at home and abroad’. Basalla (footnote 8), p. 617.
- Hoare . 1975 . Search , 6 ( 7 ) July : 285 – 290 . Hoare acknowledged that modern Australia was advanced but nevertheless probably still engaged in the struggle of Phase 3.
- Hoare . 1974 . Science and Scientific Associations in Eastern Australia, 1820–1890 , 2 – 2 . Australian National University . PhD dissertation
- Moyal , Ann Mozley . 1976 . Scientists in Nineteenth Century Australia: A Documentary History 3 – 5 . Melbourne
- For more details on this period, see, for instance Finney Colin M. To Sail Beyond the Sunset: Natural History in Australia 1699–1829 Sydney 1984 and Ann Moyal, A Bright and Savage Land: Science in Colonial Australia (Sydney, 1986).
- For Basalla, the term colonial science ‘does not imply the existence of some sort of scientific imperialism whereby science in the non-European nation is suppressed or maintained in a servile state by an imperial power’. See Basalla The Spread of Western Science Science 1967 156 613 613 Also, in his endnote 2, Basalla indicated that he disagreed with Fleming on some fundamental points. While not specific on what these were it is clear that the notion of dependency is involved, as indicated, for instance in his endnote 19.
- Basalla . 1967 . The Spread of Western Science . Science , 156 : 614 – 614 . As a corollary of this, colonial science does not imply the inferiority of science at the periphery, merely the operation under certain handicaps.
- Basalla . 1967 . The Spread of Western Science . Science , 156 : 613 – 613 .
- MacLeod lies in the tradition which sees the metropolis as the dominant shaping force on the experience of the ‘new world’ as it was colonized by Europe. For a discussion of the frontier debate for America, and the coining of the term ‘moving metropolis’, see Hancock Keith The Moving Metropolis The New World Looks at Its History Lewis A.R. McGann T.F. Austin 1963 135 141 In Canada, J. M. Careless developed a similar concept, see his ‘Frontierism, Metropolitanism, and Canadian History’, Canadian Historical Review, 35 (1954), 1–21.
- MacLeod . 1982 . On Visiting the Moving Metropolis: Reflections on the Architecture of Imperial Science . Historical Records of Australian Science , 5 ( 3 ) : 14 – 14 .
- Inkster . 1985 . Scientific Enterprise and the Colonial “Model”: Observations on Australian Experience in Historical Context . Social Studies of Science , 15 : 686 – 686 .
- Shils , Edward A. 1965 . “ Towards a Modern Intellectual Community ” . In Education and Political Development Edited by: Coleman , James S. 498 – 518 . Princeton in The Intellectuals and the Powers and Other Essays (Chicago, 1971), especially Chapter 17.
- For a case study of the use of these analytical concepts, see Inkster Ian Todd Jan Support for the scientific enterprise, 1850–1900 Australian Science in the Making Home R.W. Melbourne 1988 102 132 in For a study of some of the links between the cultural-institutional infrastructure and the other layers of the scientific enterprise, see Jan Todd, ‘Colonial Adoption: The Case of the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts’, in The Steam Intellect Societies: Essays on Culture, Education and Industry, 1820–1914, edited by Ian Inkster (Nottingham, 1985), pp. 105–130.
- MacLeod . 1982 . On Visiting the Moving Metropolis: Reflections on the Architecture of Imperial Science . Historical Records of Australian Science , 5 ( 3 ) : 10 – 10 . He is not entirely clear on the timing, but he refers to Sir Thomas Brisbane's 1820s astronomic zeal in NSW.
- MacLeod . 1982 . On Visiting the Moving Metropolis: Reflections on the Architecture of Imperial Science . Historical Records of Australian Science , 5 ( 3 ) : 12 – 12 . For a similar perspective which looks at Australia within the context of other British colonies, see Michael Worboys, ‘The British Association and Empire: Science and Social Imperialism, 1880–1940’, in The Parliament of Science: The British Association for the Advancement of Science 1831–1981, edited by Roy McLeod and Peter Collins (London, 1981), pp. 170–87.
- MacLeod , Roy . 1988 . “ Introduction ” . In The Commonwealth of Science. ANZAAS and the Scientific Enterprise in Australasia 1888–1988 Edited by: McLeod , Roy . 1 – 16 . Melbourne in especially pp. 3–4, 7, 14, and note 38.
- MacLeod , Roy . 1988 . “ Introduction ” . In The Commonwealth of Science. ANZAAS and the Scientific Enterprise in Australasia 1888–1988 Edited by: McLeod , Roy . 7 – 7 . Melbourne in Further elaboration of these points is given in Chapters 1 and 2.
- For a fuller discussion of the growth of the Australian scientific enterprise, see Todd J.H. Transfer and Dependence: Aspects of Change in Australian Science and Technology 1880–1916 University of NSW 1991 75 101 PhD dissertation
- See, for instance Powell J.M. Conservation and resource management in Australia 1788–1860 Australian Space, Australian Time Powell J.M. Williams M. Melbourne 1975 18 60 in Ann Mozley, ‘The Foundations of the Geological Survey of New South Wales’, Journal and Proceedings, Royal Society of NSW, 98 (1965), 91–100.
- Selwyn , A.R.C. for instance, came from the Geological Survey of Britain to head the Geological Survey of Victoria in 1852. The Reverend William Scott was chosen by the Astronomer Royal to fill the post of Astronomer at the new Sydney Observatory in 1856.
- For a table giving the precise membership figures for the various colonial ‘royal’ and ‘philosophical’ societies, see Inkster Todd Support for the scientific enterprise, 1850–1900 Australian Science in the Making Home R.W. Melbourne 1988 114 114 in
- Charted in Branagan D.F. Words, Actions, People: 150 Years of the Scientific Societies in Australia Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of NSW 1972 104 123 141
- 560 from NSW, 130 from Victoria, 59 from South Australia, Queensland 46, and Tasmania 18, with over 40 from New Zealand MacLeod Roy From Imperial to National Science The Commonwealth of Science. ANZAAS and the Scientific Enterprise in Australasia 1888–1988 McLeod Roy Melbourne 1988 40 72 in (p. 41).
- Twopeny , Richard . 1883 . Town Life in Australia 145 – 145 . Penguin reprint (Harmondsworth, 1977)
- Barcan , Alan . 1980 . A History of Australian Education 189 – 190 . Melbourne
- Barcan , Alan . 1980 . A History of Australian Education 180 – 180 . Melbourne
- By 1889, Melbourne University had three graduates with a BSc, two with a DSc, nine with a BCE, 24 with an MCE, out of a total number of graduates of 977. Statistical Register of Victoria Melbourne 1889 7 7 At Sydney University, by 1880, there were nine graduates with a BSc, 11 with BE, out of a total of 859 graduates. Statistical Register of NSW, (Sydney, 1890), p. 375. It should be noted that these figures do not indicate the total numbers of graduates with training in science since, until at least 1900, many students undertaking major sequences of scientific subjects took out the better known BA rather than a BSc.
- Inkster . 1985 . Scientific Enterprise and the Colonial “Model”: Observations on Australian Experience in Historical Context . Social Studies of Science , 15 : 697 – 697 .
- For an account of the history of the various colonial geological surveys, see History and Role of Government Geological Surveys in Australia Johns R.K. Adelaide 1976
- For a history of the Australian Museum in Sydney, see Strahan Ronald Rare and Curious Specimens Sydney 1979 For a more analytical account, see S. G. Kohlstedt, ‘Australian Museums of Natural History: Public Priorities and Scientific Initiatives in the 19th Century’, Historical Records of Australian Science, 5, No. 4 (1983), 1–29.
- For NSW, see Mylrea P.J. In the Service of Agriculture: A centennial history of the New South Wales Department of Agriculture 1890–1990 Sydney 1990
- For a history of the Australian telecommunications system, see Moyal Ann Clear Across Australia. A history of telecommunications Melbourne 1984
- Occupational information was obtained from a variety of sources, including the actual membership lists of the societies, government lists of civil servants, and the Australian Dictionary of Bibliography
- Barcan . 1980 . A History of Australian Education 189 – 189 . Melbourne
- Branagan , David and Holland , Graham , eds. 1985 . Ever Reaping Something New. A Science Centenary 125 – 125 . Sydney
- Figures compiled from the journal of the Royal Society of NSW, the Royal Society of London's Catalogue of Scientific Papers for 1864–1873, 1800–1883, 1884–1900 and its International Catalogue of Scientific Publications for 1901–1914.
- Home's detailed analysis of nominations and elections to the Royal Societ of London indicates the disadvantages suffered by aspiring Australian candidates, but a significant improvement in their success rate from the 1880s, reflecting the growing strength of university science. Home R.W. A World-wide Scientific Network and Patronage System: Australian and Other “Colonial” Fellows of the Royal Society of London International Science and National Scientific Identity Home Kohlstedt Dordrecht 1991 151 180
- Gillbank , Linden . 1988 . “ The Life Sciences: Collections to Conservation ” . In The Commonwealth of Science. ANZAAS and the Scientific Enterprise in Australasia 1888–1988 Edited by: McLeod , Roy . 99 – 129 . Melbourne in (p. 103).
- Gillbank , Linden . 1988 . “ The Life Sciences: Collections to Conservation ” . In The Commonwealth of Science. ANZAAS and the Scientific Enterprise in Australasia 1888–1988 Edited by: McLeod , Roy . 103 – 103 . Melbourne in
- Vallance , Thomas . 1975 . “ Presidential Address: Origins of Australian Geology ” . In Proceedings of the Linnean Society of NSW Vol. 100 , 13 – 43 . Stafford suggests that this dominance extended until well past the turn of the century. Robert A. Stafford, ‘A Far Frontier: British Geological Research in Australia during the Nineteenth Century’, in Home and Kohlstedt (footnote 11), pp. 75–96 (p. 89).
- Vallance , Thomas and Branagan , David . 1988 . “ The Earth Sciences: Searching for Geological Order ” . In The Commonwealth of Science. ANZAAS and the Scientific Enterprise in Australasia 1888–1988 Edited by: McLeod , Roy . 130 – 143 . Melbourne in More detailed discussion of the coal dispute is given in T. G. Vallance, ‘The Fuss About Coal’, in Plants and Man in Australia, edited by D. J. and S. G. M. Carr (Sydney, 1981), pp. 136–76.
- Blainey , Geoffrey . 1971 . A Centenary History of the University of Melbourne 105 – 105 . Melbourne
- Radford , Joan . 1978 . The Chemistry Department of the University of Melbourne 54 – 60 . Melbourne
- For details on careers of 1851 Exhibitioners, see Wark I.W. 1851 Science Research Scholarship Awards to Australians Records of Australian Academy of Science 1977 3 47 52
- Blainey . 1971 . A Centenary History of the University of Melbourne 106 – 106 . Melbourne
- Schedvin , C.B. 1984 . Environment, Economy and Australian Biology, 1890–1930 . Historical Studies , 21 : 17 – 26 . (p. 19).
- Home , R.W. 1988 . “ The Physical Sciences: String, Sealing Wax and Self-Sufficiency ” . In The Commonwealth of Science. ANZAAS and the Scientific Enterprise in Australasia 1888–1988 Edited by: McLeod , Roy . 147 – 165 . Melbourne in (p. 153).
- Seddon , G. 1981–82 . Eurocentrism and Australian science: Some examples . Search , 12 : 446 – 450 .
- Royal Commission of Inquiry on Forestry Final Report Sydney 1909 xi xi also, p.xiii. It was acknowledged that an overseas expert ‘would be ignorant of the peculiarities of Australian flora, characteristics of our indigenous trees, the opposite conditions of soils and climate and the liberal laws under which our rural populations are controlled’.
- Chambers , David Wade . 1991 . “ Does Distance Tyrannize Science? ” . In International Science and National Scientific Identity Edited by: Home and Kohlstedt . 19 – 38 . Dordrecht in
- For the effects of physics, see Home R.W. Watanabe Masao Physics in Australia and Japan to 1914: A Comparison Annals of Science 1987 44 215 235 (p. 223), and R. W. Home, ‘The Beginnings of an Australian Physics Community’, in Scientific Colonialism: A Cross-Cultural Comparison, edited by Nathan Reingold and Marc Rothenberg (Washington DC, 1987), pp. 323–50.
- Rae , Ian . 1988 . “ Chemists at ANZAAS: Cabbages or Kings? ” . In The Commonwealth of Science. ANZAAS and the Scientific Enterprise in Australasia 1888–1988 Edited by: McLeod , Roy . 166 – 195 . Melbourne in (p. 175).
- On the ‘braindrain’ in medical research, see Coutrice F.C. Research in the medical sciences: The road to national independence Australian Science in the Making Home R.W. Melbourne 1988 277 307 in
- MacLeod . 1988 . “ Introduction ” . In The Commonwealth of Science. ANZAAS and the Scientific Enterprise in Australasia 1888–1988 Edited by: McLeod , Roy . 50 – 50 . Melbourne in Inkster (footnote 10), p.694.
- These figures were compiled from occupational and biographical data from various sources, including several issues of the Sands Directory of Sydney, Australian Dictionary of Biography, the Civil Service Blue Books, and details of membership and activity provided in the Society's journal. For a more detailed table see Inkster Todd Support for the scientific enterprise, 1850–1900 Australian Science in the Making Home R.W. Melbourne 1988 114 114 in
- Powell , J.W. 1988 . “ Protracted Reconciliation: Society and the Environment ” . In The Commonwealth of Science. ANZAAS and the Scientific Enterprise in Australasia 1888–1988 Edited by: McLeod , Roy . 249 – 271 . Melbourne in (p.251).
- Clarke , W.B. 1875 . Transactions of the Royal Society of NSW , 9 : 4 – 4 .
- See Stafford Robert The Long Arm of London: Sir Roderick Murchison and Imperial Science in Australia Australian Science in the Making Home R.W. Melbourne 1988 69 101 in
- Newland , Elizabeth . 1983 . Sir Roderick Murchison and Australia: A Case Study of British Influence on Australian Geological Science , 90 – 90 . University of NSW . MA dissertation
- Dugan , Kathleen G. 1987 . “ The Zoological Exploration of the Australian Region and its Impact on Biological Theory ” . In Scientific Colonialism: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Edited by: Reingold and Rothenberg . 79 – 100 . Washington DC in
- Moyal . 1976 . Scientists in Nineteenth Century Australia: A Documentary History 172 – 175 . Melbourne
- Newland . 1983 . Sir Roderick Murchison and Australia: A Case Study of British Influence on Australian Geological Science , 180 – 180 . University of NSW . MA dissertation
- Stafford . 1988 . “ The Long Arm of London: Sir Roderick Murchison and Imperial Science in Australia ” . In Australian Science in the Making Edited by: Home , R.W. 93 – 93 . Melbourne in
- Kohlstedt . 1983 . Australian Museums of Natural History: Public Priorities and Scientific Initiatives in the 19th Century . Historical Records of Australian Science , 5 ( 4 ) : 17 – 18 . quotes
- Inkster , Ian . 1982 . Science, Public Science and Science Policy in Australia circa 1880s–1916—Some Beginnings . Workshop on the History of Science in Australia, Australian Academy of Science . August 1982 . pp. 5 – 5 .
- Home , R.W. 1984 . The Problems of Intellectual Isolation in Scientific Life: W. H. Bragg and the Australian Scientific Community, 1886–1909 . Historical Records of Australian Science , 6 ( 1 ) : 19 – 30 .
- Inkster has in fact attempted an indicative classification of papers presented to AAAS from 1888–1923. He found that natural history remained dominant at 54·6 per cent, that ‘localized’ enquiry stood at 67 per cent, and that the non-localized ‘open’ subjects of the natural sciences reached only 16·7 per cent. For details, see Inkster Scientific Enterprise and the Colonial “Model”: Observations on Australian Experience in Historical Context Social Studies of Science 1985 15 694 697 Home has also found that ‘location-specific observational work’ dominated Australian physics over the same period. See Home and Watanabe (footnote 69), p. 233.
- Inkster , Ian . 1990 . Intellectual Dependency and the Sources of Invention . History of Technology , 12 : 40 – 64 .
- For Stanley's diagnosis, see Edward Stanley, Report to Alexander Bruce, 17 December, 1885, in Appendix G Annual Report of the Stock and Brands Branch of the NSW Department of Mines for 1885 15 16 A retrospective account is given in E. Stanley, ‘The Anthrax Disease’, in NSW Anthrax Board, Report on Experiments demonstrating the efficacy of Pasteur's vaccine of Paris as a preventive for Anthrax (Cumberland Disease) in Sheep and Cattle (Sydney, 1889), pp. 8–20. Details of the events leading up to this analysis, and its significance, may be found in Todd (footnote 29), pp. 112–31.
- Victorian Royal Commission on the Decline of Goldmining . 1891 . Third and Final Report and Minutes of Evidence Melbourne in Votes and Proceedings of the Victorian Legislative Assembly (1891), Volume 5. For further details of the way evidence was presented to the Commission, see Todd (footnote 29), pp. 275–7 and pp. 291–4. For details of the kind of analysis of the problem made by an earlier board of enquiry see ibid., pp.246–51.
- Stanley , E. 1886 . “ Splenic Apoplexy in Sheep ” . In Report of the Australasian Stock Conference 17 – 17 . Sydney included in printed in Journal of the Legislative Council of NSW, 42 (1887, Session 2), part 2, p. 227; Annual Report of the Stock and Brands Branch of the NSW Department of Mines for 1886 (Sydney, 1887), pp. 7–8.
- Evident in Newbery's reports during the 1880s in the Annual Report of the Victorian Department of Mines
- NSW Anthrax Board . 1889 . Report on Experiments demonstrating the efficacy of Pasteur's vaccine of Paris as a preventive for Anthrax (Cumberland Disease) in Sheep and Cattle 8 – 20 . Sydney
- When Pasteur proposed, as a candidate for a prize of £25 000, that chicken cholera cultures should be distributed across Australian pastures to eliminate the rabbit pest by means of infectious disease, a commission of enquiry, with an experiment committee and bacteriological expert, was set up to assess the feasibility and safety of such measures. The work and findings of the commission may be found in Progress Report of the Rabbit Commission Sydney 1889 in Journal of the Legislative Council of NSW, 47 (1890), Part 4. p. 775 ff. For a detailed discussion of this rabbit episode, see Todd (footnote 29), pp. 135–49; 156–60.
- Victorian Royal Commission on the Decline of Goldmining . 1891 . Third and Final Report and Minutes of Evidence x – x . Melbourne Minutes of Evidence, p. 827.
- Goyder , G.A. “ ‘Report’, in South Australian School of Mines ” . In Annual Report for 1893 159 – 159 .
- For a discussion of the differences of context, practice, and perception between the prevailing and new technology for coping with anthrax, see Todd Transfer and Dependence: Aspects of Change in Australian Science and Technology 1880–1916 University of NSW 1991 112 131 PhD dissertation for an account of the part played by key personnel in persuading stockowners, see ibid., pp. 131–41, 150–6, 161–70. In the case of the cyanide process, ibid., pp. 244–66, 275–306.
- For instance, Australasian Pastoralists' Review, Sydney Stock and Station Journal, Agricultural Gazette of NSW, Australian Mining Standard, Annual Reports of the various colonial departments of mines
- The cyanide process became the subject of major patent litigation, first in Britain, and then in goldmining countries around the world, including Australia. In the latter, cases in each of the goldmining colonies dragged on for years in a determined campaign aimed at securing use of the process on local mining industry terms. For a discussion of the way scientists and scientific debate were employed, see Todd (footnote 29), pp. 387–90, 396–410. The declarations made by scientists in the NSW case are accessible in Amendments to Cyanide Patent No. 453 Attorney General's Special Bundle (NSW State Archives, 5/4706).
- As indicated in the examination questions reproduced in the calendars of the various institutions. For a detailed discussion, see Todd Transfer and Dependence: Aspects of Change in Australian Science and Technology 1880–1916 University of NSW 1991 428 433 PhD dissertation
- Personal Papers of John Douglass Stewart, Sydney University Archives 35 – 35 .
- Todd , Jan . 1988 . “ The Pasteur Institute of Australia: success and failure ” . In Louis Pasteur and the Pasteur Institute in Australia Edited by: Chaussivert , Jean and Blackman , Maurice . 25 – 37 . Sydney in
- See Report, Minutes of Proceedings, Resolutions etc. of the Meeting of Chief Inspectors of Stock Sydney 1891 June printed in Journal of the Legislative Council of NSW, 49 (1891–92), Part 3, pp. 487 ff. For detailed discussion, see Todd (footnote 29), pp. 219–30.
- Victorian Royal Commission on the Decline of Goldmining . 1891 . Third and Final Report and Minutes of Evidence 824 – 831 . Melbourne Report, p. xvii.
- NSW Board of Health . February 1988 . Minutes of Proceedings February , (NSW State Archives, 5/4936), 8, 15, 22 Dr W. C. Wilkinson to NSW Secretary for Lands. 9 February, 1888, printed in ‘The Rabbit Pest’, Journal of the Legislative Council of NSW, 43 (1887–88), Part 4, p. 693; The Australasian, 28 January, 1888, p. 188.
- An analysis of the McGarvie Smith and Gunn modifications and its consequences is given in Todd Jan From Paris to Narrandera: Adaptation in the Diffusion of Anthrax Vaccination in the Australian Pastoral Industry Prometheus June 1989 7 1 32 48
- Stuart , T.P. Anderson . 1894 . Anniversary Address . Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of NSW , 28 : 1 – 38 . (p. 13); NSW Board of Health. Minutes of Proceedings (NSW State Archives, 5/4936–4942), 8, 29 July 1891.
- For instance, Wigg H.C. The Rabbit Question Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 1888 1 28 33 new series Henry Deane, ‘Anniversary Address’, Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of NSW, 32 (1898), 1–54 (pp. 27–8).
- Dixon , W.A. 1877 . On a Method of Extracting Gold, Silver, and other Metals from Pyrites . Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of NSW , 11 : 93 – 111 .
- A detailed account of the progression of Goyder's work is available in Todd Transfer and Dependence: Aspects of Change in Australian Science and Technology 1880–1916 University of NSW 1991 339 351 PhD dissertation
- Todd . 1991 . Transfer and Dependence: Aspects of Change in Australian Science and Technology 1880–1916 , 354 – 359 . University of NSW . PhD dissertation
- Clark , Donald . 1898 . Notes on the Solubility of Gold-Silver Alloys in Cyanide of Potassium Solution . Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria , 11 : 47 – 51 . new series
- Jarman , A. and le Gay Brereton , E. 1904–05 . Laboratory Experiments on the Use of Ammonia and its Compounds in Cyaniding Cupriferous Ores and its Tailings . Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy , 14 : 289 – 334 . E. le Gay Brereton, ‘The Ammonia-Copper-Cyanide Process’, ibid., 15, (1905–06), 433–44.
- Dixon , W.A. 1897–98 . Note on the so-called “Selective Action” of Cyanide of Potassium for Gold . Transactions of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy , 6 : 88 – 93 . Also published in The Australian Technical Journal, March 28 (1898), 54–60.
- NSW Department of Mines . Annual Report for 1897 22 – 23 . Appendices A and B,
- For details of some user modifications in NSW, Victoria, and Kalgoorlie, see Todd Transfer and Dependence: Aspects of Change in Australian Science and Technology 1880–1916 University of NSW 1991 360 361 PhD dissertation 366–70, 376–84.
- Loir , A. 1891 . Notes on the large death-rate among Australian sheep in country infected with Cumberland Disease or Splenic Fever . Journal and Proceedings of the Royal Society of NSW , 25 : 46 – 51 . J. McGarvie Smith and J. A. Gunn, ‘Notes on Some Experiments on the Cure of Anthrax’, Australasian Medical Gazette (21 August, 1889), 326–7.
- E.g. Loir A. Stanley E. The Susceptibility of the Kangaroo to Anthrax Agricultural Gazette of NSW 1891 2 206 207 456–7.
- Beginning in March 1895, this debate went through until August 1895. See, for instance, Mulholland C.A. A Bromo-Cyanide Process. Improved Method of Treating Auriferous Ores Australian Mining Standard 1895 April 213 213 13 ‘The Bromo-Cyanide and Bromo-Hypochlorite Processes’, ibid., 17 August, 1895, pp. 463–4; J. Storer, Letter to the Editor, Australian Mining Standard, 20, April, 1895, pp. 226–7.
- Mulholland , C.A. 1895 . A Bromo-Cyanide Process for Gold Extraction . Engineering and Mining Journal , 59 ( 22 ) June : 510 – 510 . 1
- E.g. Mulholland C.A. Some theoretical considerations in cyanide practice Australian Mining Standard 1901 November 838 838 28 This was one of four papers presented by Mulholland to the Sydney Technical College Mining and Metallurgy Society in the period 1901–1902. See Australian Technical Journal, (13 March, 1902), p. 63.
- Goyder , G.A. 1895 . On Some Important Reactions of Double Cyanides Bearing Upon the Cyanide Process for the Extraction of Gold . Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia , 19 : 25 – 26 . ‘The Action of Cyanide of Potassium on Gold and Some Other Metals and Minerals’, Transactions of the Australasian Institute of Mining Engineers, 1 (1893), p. 98; ‘Notes on the working of the Macarthur-Forrest Process for Extracting Gold’, ibid., 3 (1895), 159–77. Publications via the School of Mines included ‘Memorandum of the Results of Some Trials made to Test the Extraction of Gold by Dilute Cyanide of Potassium with Different Samples of S. A. Ores’, South Australian School of Mines, Annual Report for 1893, pp. 151–61; ‘Report of Experiments on the Chemistry of the Cyanide Process, with Notes on the Working of the Process’, ibid., 1894, pp. 147–58; ‘Further Notes on the Chemistry of the Cyanide Process for Dissolving Gold’, ibid., 1895, pp. 172–75.
- See Todd Transfer and Dependence: Aspects of Change in Australian Science and Technology 1880–1916 University of NSW 1991 339 351 PhD dissertation
- An in-depth study of how this technological capability was enhanced in these two case studies is given in Todd Transfer and Dependence: Aspects of Change in Australian Science and Technology 1880–1916 University of NSW 1991 75 101 PhD dissertation Chapter 4 and Chapter 7.
- For indications of how this process operated in the case of microbiology, see Todd Transfer and Dependence: Aspects of Change in Australian Science and Technology 1880–1916 University of NSW 1991 499 500 PhD dissertation and Inkster and Todd (footnote 24), pp. 122–5.
- Basalla . 1967 . The Spread of Western Science . Science , 156 : 620 – 620 .
- Jarrell, having also made the distinction between the different types of colonies, makes a similar point in Jarrell Richard A. Differential National Development and Science in the Nineteenth Century: The Problems of Quebec and Ireland Scientific Colonialism: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Reingold Rothenberg Washington DC 1987 323 350 in (p. 329).
Annals of Science
Volume 50, 1993 - Issue 1