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Annals of Science Volume 55, 1998 - Issue 3
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Artisans and savants: The role of the academy of sciences in the process of electrical innovation in France, 1850–1880

John L. Davis Centre for History and Cultural Studies of Science, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2, 7NX, UK
Pages 291-314 | Received 22 Aug 1997, Published online: 18 Sep 2006

  • See, for example Crosland Maurice P. Science under Control. The French Academy of Sciences, 1795–1914 Cambridge 1992
  • The ‘interactive’ model is defended in differing forms in the following (far from exhaustive list of authors): Barnes Barry The science-technology relationship: a model and a query Social Studies of Science 1982 12 166 172 Alexander Keller, ‘Has science created technology’, Minerva, 22 (1984), 160–82; Edwin T. Layton, Jr, ‘American ideologies of science and engineering’, Technology and Culture, 17 (1976), 688–96; Edwin T. Layton, Jr, ‘Through the looking glass, or news from lake mirror image’, Technology and Culture, 28 (1987), 594–609; Otto Mayr, ‘The science-technology relationship as a historiographic problem’, Technology and Culture, 17 (1976), 663–73. A position much closer to that of the ‘subordinate’ model can be seen in A. Rupert Hall, ‘On knowing and knowing how to…’, History of Technology, 3 (1978), 9–103.
  • Mayr , Otto . 1976 . The science-technology relationship as a historiographic problem . Technology and Culture , 17 : 663 – 673 .
  • Mayr , Otto . 1976 . The science-technology relationship as a historiographic problem . Technology and Culture , 17 : 663 – 673 .
  • de Solla Price , Derek J. 1965 . Is technology historically independent of science? A study in statistical historiography . Technology and Culture , 6 : 553 – 568 .
  • Layton . 1976 . American ideologies of science and engineering . Technology and Culture , 17 : 690 – 690 .
  • This is widely documented in French histories of the period and Napoleon III has been given the title ‘Saint-Simon on horseback’. For one reference see Magraw Roger France 1815–1914. The Bourgeois Century London 1983 159 159
  • Edwin J. Layton Jr. examines the relationship between ‘technology’ and ‘technique’ and criticizes the practice of reducing the first to the second in Technology as Knowledge Technology and Culture 1974 15 31 41
  • 1822–35 . Dictionnaire universel des arts et métiers et de l'économie industrielle et commerciale Paris 22 vols Reference taken from L'Etonnant parcours du ‘Republicain J. Hassenfratz’ (Paris, 1996), 180.
  • 1822–35 . Dictionnaire universel des arts et métiers et de l'économie industrielle et commerciale Paris 22 vols
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  • This term seems to have been widely used at the time although I have not found its original use in primary source. By 1875 there were arc lamps in the Gare du Nord, 80Jablochkoff candles in the Grandmagasin du Louvre and the Avenue de L'Opera was lit by 46 lamps andthere were 22 lamps in the Placede L'Opera. This is from Dunsheath P. A History of Electrical Engineering London 1962 141 141
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  • Caron and Cardot . 1919 . Histoire d'Electricité en France 1881–1918 Vol. I , 33 – 33 . Paris pages 27 to 53 are particularly interesting.
  • 1875 . “ Article on Froment ” . In Le livre du centenaire de l'Ecole Polytechnique Vol. I , 209 – 213 . Paris in (210).
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  • Denayrouze , L. 1876 . Sur une nouvelle lampe électrique imaginée par M. Jablochkoff . Comptes Rendus , 83 : 813 – 814 .
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  • Figuier . 1985 . Les Merveilles de L'Electricité Edited by: Cardot , F. 94 – 94 . Paris texts chosen and edited by
  • Figuier . 1985 . Les Merveilles de L'Electricité Edited by: Cardot , F. 96 – 96 . Paris texts chosen and edited by
  • Fontanon , Claudine . 1994 . “ Le laboratoire éxperimental de mécanique ” . In Le Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers au coeur de Paris 171 – 176 . Paris
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  • Reports on his earlier cells appeared in the Comptes Rendus, but the information on his mercury cell came from Figuier Les Merveilles de L'Electricité Cardot F. Paris 1985 503 503 texts chosen and edited by Text taken from Les merveilles de la science (Paris, 1890).
  • Becquerel , A.C. 1854 . Rapport sur une nouvelle machine électro-magnétique de M. Marié Davy . Comptes Rendus , 38 : 854 – 857 .
  • Davis . 1971 . The Anatomy of a Scientific Institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666–1803 369 – 369 . Los Angeles and London
  • 1971 . The Anatomy of a Scientific Institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666–1803 375 – 375 . Los Angeles and London
  • Figuier . 1985 . Les Merveilles de L'Electricité Edited by: Cardot , F. 273 – 273 . Paris texts chosen and edited by
  • Cardot , F. , ed. 1985 . Les Merveilles de L'Electricité 274 – 274 . Paris texts chosen and edited by
  • Sebert , H. 1918 . Nécrologie; Marcel Deprez . Comptes Rendus , 167 : 70 – 74 . (71).
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  • Hahn . 1983 . An Economic History of Modern France 71 – 71 . London trans. Barbara Bray
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