Advanced search
Publication Cover
Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology Volume 3, 1909 - Issue 3
Journal homepage
1
Views
6
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Bio-Chemical and Therapeutical Studies on Trypanosomiasis

Anton Breinl From the Runcorn Research Laboratories of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
&
M. Nierenstein From the Runcorn Research Laboratories of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine
Pages 395-420 | Received 15 Aug 1909, Published online: 24 Mar 2016

  • (a) Thomas. British Medical Journal, May, 1905.
  • Thomas and Breinl. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Memoir XVI, 1905.
  • (a) Moore, Nierenstein and Todd. Bio-chemical Journal, Vol. II, No. 4–5, 1907.
  • Moore, Nierenstein and Todd. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. II, No. 4, 1909.
  • Moore, Nierenstein and Todd. Bio-chemical Journal, Vol. II, No. 4–5, p. 322, 1907.
  • Mesnil and Brimont, Comptes Rendus de la Soc. de Biol., Tome LXIV, 1908, p. 639.
  • Uhlenhuth und Woithe. Arb. aus dem Kaisl. Gesundheitsamte, Band XXIX, 1908. Reprint p. 34.
  • Uhlenhuth und Woithe. Arb. aus dem Kaisl. Gesundheitsamte, Bd. XXVII, 2. Heft, 1907.
  • (a) Ehrlich Verhandlungen der deutschen dermatologischen Gesellschaft, X. Congress, 1908.
  • Ehrlich. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, Jg. XLII, Heft I, 1909.
  • Röhl. Berl. klin. Wochenschrift, No. 11, 1909.
  • (a) Levaditi et Yamanouchi. Comptes Rendus de la Soc. de Biol. Tome LXV, p. 23, 1908.
  • Levaditi, Brimont et Yamanouchi. Comptes Rendus de la Soc. de Biol., Tome LXV, p. 25, 1908.
  • Levaditi. Bull, de la Soc. de Path, exotique, Tome II, p. 45, 1909.
  • Levaditi. Comptes Rendus de la Soc. de Biol., Tome LXVI, p. 33, 1909.
  • Levaditi. Comptes Rendus de la Soc. de Biol., Tome LXVI, p. 492, 1909.
  • Röhl in a more recent publication (Zeitschrift f. Immunitätsforschung, Vol. II, p. 496, 1909), points out that Levaditi does not furnish any conclusive proof for his conception of the formation of trypanatoxyl in the organism, and asserts that the trypanocidal effect of Atoxyl in vivo is only due to the formation of p-amino-phenyl arsenoxide.
  • Friedberger. Berl. klin. Wochenschrift No. 38, 1908.
  • Breinl and Nierenstein. Zeit f. Immunitätsforschung, etc., Vol. I, p. 620.
  • Nierenstein. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. II, No. 4, 1909.
  • Nierenstein. Zeit. f. Immunitätsforschung, Bd. II, No. 4, 1909.
  • Nierenstein. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. II, No. 3, p. 249, 1908.
  • Ehrlich. Berl. klin. Wochenschrift, No. 9–12, 1907. Reprint, p. 22.
  • Uhlenhuth und Woithe. Arb. aus dem Kaisl. Gesundheitsamte, Band XXIX, 1908. Reprint, page 42.
  • Frankel M. Die Arzneimittelsynthese auf Grundlage der Beziehg. zwjschen chemischen Aufbau und Wirkung. 2. Aufl., 1906, p. 206.
  • Mannaberg. Arch. f. klin. Medizin, Bd. 59, p. 185.
  • Lately we have had an opportunity of testing a new sample of Orsudan. Two successive injections of 0·2 gr. into a monkey did not give rise to any symptoms of arsenical poisoning.
  • Thomas and Breinl. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Memoir XVI, p. 51, 1905.
  • Moore, Nierenstein and Todd. Annals of Trop. Med. and Parasitol., Vol. II, No. 4, p. 285.
  • Ehrlich. Berl. klin. Wochenschrift, 1907. Reprint, p. 31.
  • Mesnil and Nicolle. Annales de l'Instit. Pasteur, XX, p. 417, 513, 1906.
  • Moore, Nierenstein and Todd. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. II, No. 4, 1909, p. 271.
  • Loew und Bokorny. Jour. f. prakt. Chemie, Bd. 36, p. 272. (Compare, Frankel, loc. tit., p. 29.)
  • Gabritschewsky. Arch. Internationales de Pharmakodynamie et de Therapie, Vol. VII, Fascl. 1–2, p. 115.
  • Plimmer and Thompson. Proc. of the Roy. Soc. B., Vol. 80, 1907.
  • Broden et Rodhain. Travaux du laboratoire médical de Leopoldville, III, 1909, p. 48.
  • Breinl and Nierenstein. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, Vol. II, No. 5, 1909.
  • Thomas and Breinl. Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Memoir XVI, 1905, p. 65.
  • Mesnil and Nicolle. Annales de l'Instit. Pasteur, No. XX, p. 528, 1906.
  • Quoted by C. H. Browning. Journal of Path, and Bacteriology, Vol. XII, 1908, p. 176.
  • Ehrlich. Berl. klin. Wochenschrift, No. 9–12, 1907. Reprint, p. 22.
  • Strains of trypanosomes resistant to tartar emetic have also been obtained by Mesnil and Brimont, by Plimmer and Bateman; and a strain of T. brucei resistant against p-amino-phenyl-stibinic acid has been obtained by us. This resistance, however, was not transmissible on subinoculation. Mesnil and Brimont succeeded in obtaining a permanent antimony resistant strain by treating an Atoxyl-resistant strain with antimony. At first the parasites were influenced by tartar emetic, but after the fifth injection they became resistant, a resistance which persisted for seventy-six passages.
  • A similar relative resistance was observed by us when treating guinea-pigs infected with T. gambiense with Orsudan. After six to seven injections the drug had lost its influence on the parasites.
  • Uhlenhuth, Hübner and Woithe, working with T. equiferdum, were not able to confirm entirely Ehrlich's observations. They were only able to produce a resistince in one animal after a certain number of relapses. On subinoculation, Atoxyl influenced the parasites in a normal way. Therefore, they regard it as a relative resistance, distinguishing it from an absolute resistance in Ehrlich's sense of the term.
  • Ehrlich. Verhandlungen der deutschen dermatologischen Gesellschaft, X, Congress, 1908.
  • Ehrlich. Jour, of the Roy. Inst, of Public Health, Vol. XX, No. 7, p. 391.
  • Mesnil et Brimont. Comptes Rendus de la Soc. de Biol., Tome LXIV, 1908, p. 637.
  • Breinl and Nierenstein. Deutsche med. Wochenschrift, No. 27, 1908.
  • Mesnil et Brimont. Annales de l'Instit. Pasteur, Tome XXII, p. 856, 1908.
  • Röhl. Berl. Klin. Wochenschrift, No. 11, 1909.
  • Mesnil et Brimont. Annales de l'Instit. Pasteur, Tome XXII, p. 856, 1908.
  • Changes of virulence have been noted on a few occasions in the case of T. gambiense. On one occasion T. gambiense was recovered from the blood of a monkey at the time of a relapse, after a prolonged negative interval. The number of parasites in the blood of the monkey increased very rapidly within two days and killed the animal. On subinoculation into rats it was noticed that these animals succumbed to the infection usually within 3 to 4 days. After a passage through guinea-pigs the heightened virulence of the strain was lost, and it killed rats again in the normal period, namely 40–120 days.
  • Compare the following table from Röhl's publication. (Zeitschrift f. Immunitätsforschung, Bd. I, p. 634.) The maximal dose pro Kg. body weight:—Atoxyl. Arseno-Phenyl-Glycine. Mouse … … … 0.17gm. … … … 0.6gm Rat … … … 0.17gm. … … … 0.4gm. Guinea-pig … … 0.08gm. … … … 0.12gm. Rabbit … … … 0.07gm. … … … 0.22gm. Dog … … … 0.01gm. … … … 0.2gm. Horse … … … … … … 0.075gm.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Order Reprints Request Corporate Permissions

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

Request Academic Permissions

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.

Related research

People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read.

Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine.

Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.
Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab.