REFERENCES
- Balay, G. (1964). Observations sur l'oviposition de Simulium damnosum Theobald et Simulium adersi Pomeroy (Diptera, Simuliidae) dans l'est de la Haute-Volta. Bull. Soc. Path, exot., 57, 588.
- Burton, G. J. (1965). A simple apparatus for obtaining emergence of large numbers of Simulium adults from non-immersed pupae. Mosquito Nevis, 25, 485.
- Burton, G. J. and McRae, T. M. (1965). Dam-spillway breeding of Simulium damnosum Theobald in northern Ghana. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 59, 405.
- Cameron, A. E. (1922). The morphology and biology of a Canadian cattle-infesting black fly, Simulium simile Mall. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Bull. Dep. Agric. Can., n.s., no. 5 (ent. Bull. 20).
- Comstock, J. H. (1925). An introduction to entomology. 2nd ed. Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publ. Co.
- Coquillett, D. W. (1898). The buffalo-gnats, or black-flies of the United States. Bull. Div. Ent. U.S. Dep. Agric., no. 10 (n.s.), 66
- Crisp, G. (1956a). Simulium and onchocerciasis in the Northern Territories of the Gold Coast. Lond.: Lewis.
- Crisp, G. (1956b). Observations on the distribution and biting habits of Simulium damnosum in the Gold Coast. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 50, 444.
- Edwards, F. W. (1915). On the British species of Simulium. I: The adults. Bull. ent. Res., 6, 23.
- Edwards, F. W. (1920). On the British species of Simulium. II: The early stages; with corrections and additions to Part I. Ibid., 11, 211.
- Fabricius, O. (1784). Beschreibung der Atlasmücke und ihre Puppe (Tipula sericea). Schr. Berl. Ges. naturforsch. Freunde, 5, 254.
- Gibbins, E. G. (1933). Studies on Ethiopian Simuliidae: Simulium damnosum, Theo. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond., 81, 37.
- Grenier, P., and Feraud, L. (1960). Étude biométrique et morphologique de la croissance larvaire chez Simulium damnosum Theobald. Bull. Soc. Path, exot., 53, 563.
- Grenier, P., and Feraud, L. Ovazza, M., and Valade, M. (1960). Notes biologiques et faunistiques sur S. damnosum et les Simuliidae d'Afrique occidental (Haute-Volta, Côte d'Ivoire, Dahomey, Soudan). Bull. Inst. fr. Afr. noire, A, 22, 892.
- Hinton, H. E. (1946). Concealed phases in the metamorphosis of insects. Nature, Lond., 157, 552.
- Hinton, H. E. (1958). The pupa of the fly Simulium feeds and spins its own cocoon. Entomologist's mon. Mag., 94, 14.
- Hinton, H. E. (1964). The respiratory efficiency of the spiracular gill of Simulium. J. Insect Physiol., 10, 73.
- Howard, L. O. (1887). The southern buffalo gnat (Simulium pecuarum n.sp). Rep. Commnr Agric., U.S. Dep. Agric., 1886, 493.
- Jobbins-Pomeroy, A. W. (1916). Notes on five North American buffalo gnats of the genus Simulium. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric., no. 329.
- Miall, L. C. (1912). The natural history of aquatic insects. Lond.: Macmillan.
- Newstead, R., Dutton, J. E., and Todd, J. L. (1907). Insects and other Arthropoda collected in the Congo Free State. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit., 1, 1.
- Osten-Sacken, C. R. (1870). On the transformations of Simulium. Am. Entomologist, 2, 229.
- Patton, W. S., and Evans, A. M. (1929). Insects, ticks, mites and venomous animals of medical and veterinary importance. Part I, pp. 207–9. Croydon: Grubb.
- Petersen, A. (1924). Bidrag til de danske Simuliere Naturhistorie. K. danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., ser. 8, 5, 235.
- Peterson, B. V. (1959). Notes on the biology of some species of Utah blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Mosquito News, 19, 86.
- Phillips, R. O. (1890). Observations on S. pictipes Hagen (1889–1890). Unpublished Thesis: Cornell Univ. (Quoted by Coquillett, 1898.)
- Pulikovsky, N. (1927). Die respiratorischen Anpassungserscheinungen bei den Puppen der Simuliiden (und einigen anderen in schnellfliessenden Bächen lebenden Dipterenpuppen). Z. Morph, Ökol. Tiere, 7, 384.
- Puri, I. M. (1925). On the life-history and structure of the early stages of Simuliidae (Diptera, Nematocera). Part I. Parasitology, 17, 295.
- Smart, J. (1934). On the biology of the black fly, Simulium ornatum, Mg. (Diptera, Simuliidae). Proc. R. phys. Soc. Edinb., 22, 217.
- Terterian, A. E. (1957). [The determination of the number of instars in the larvae of black-flies (Diptera, Simuliidae).] (In Russian.) Ént. Obozr., 36, 860.
- Tonnoir, A. (1923). Comment les larves de Simulium filent leurs cocons. Bull. Annls Soc. r. ent. Belg., 5, 85.
- Verdat, F. J. (1822). Mémoire pour servir à l'histoire des Simulies, genre d'insectes de l'ordre des diptères, famille des tipulaires. Naturw. Anz, allg. Schweiz. Ges., 5, 65.
- Wu, Y. F. (1931). A contribution to the biology of Simulium (Diptera). Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci., 13, 543.