4
Views
48
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The effect of congenital and adult-acquired Toxoplasma infections on the motor performance of mice

, , &
Pages 261-277 | Received 28 Oct 1981, Published online: 15 Nov 2016

REFERENCES

  • Aagaard, K. (1960). Laboratory methods for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. In Human Toxoplasmosis, ed. Siim, J. Chr., pp. 206–210. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
  • Altmann, J. (1974). Observational study of behaviour: sampling methods. Behaviour, 49, 227–267.
  • Archer, J. (1973). Tests for emotionality in rats and mice: a review. Animal Behaviour, 21, 205–235.
  • Barber, A. N., Afeman, C. & Willis, J. (1959). Inheritance of congenital anaophthalmia in mice: II. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 48, 763–769.
  • Bernard, C. C. A. & Carnegie, P. R. (1975). Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: immunologic response to mouse spinal cord and myelin basic proteins. Journal of Immunology, 114, 1537–1540.
  • Beverley, J. K. A. (1959). Congenital transmission of toxoplasmosis through successive generations of mice. Nature, 183, 1348–1349.
  • Beverley, J. K. A. (1973). Vertical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 6, xxii.
  • Beverley, J. K. A. & Fry, B. A. (1957). Sulphadimidine, pyrimethamine and dapsone in the treatment of toxoplasmosis in mice. British Journal of Pharmacology, 12, 189–193.
  • Beverley, J. K. A. & Henry, L. (1971). Histopathological changes caused by congenital toxoplasmosis in mice. Lyon Médical, 225, 883–887.
  • Broadhurst, P. L. (1957). Determinants of emotionality in the rat. I. Situation factors. British Journal of Psychology, 48, 1–12.
  • Broadhurst, P. L. (1965). The inheritance of behaviour. Science Journal, 1, 39–43.
  • Brygoo, E. R. & Sureau, P. (1963). Encephalitozoon et Toxoplasma dans l'encéphale de la souris. Intér≖t diagnostique. Revue de Médecine et d'Hygiène d'Outre-mer, 35, 98–100.
  • Cowdry, E. V. & Nicholson, F. M., (1924). The co-existence of protozoan-like parasites and meningoencephalitis in mice. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 40, 51.
  • Eichenwald, H. (1948). Experimental toxoplasmosis I. Transmission of the infection in utero and through the milk of lactating female mice. American Journal of Diseases of Children, 76, 307–315.
  • Eichenwald, H. F. (1959). A study of congenital toxoplasmosis with particular emphasis on clinical manifestations sequelae and therapy. In Human Toxoplasmosis, ed. Siim, J. Chr., pp. 41–49. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.
  • Feinmesser, M. & Landau, J. (1961). Deafness in toxoplasmosis. Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 75, 171–174.
  • Frenkel, J. K. (1975). Toxoplasmosis. In Pathology of Protozoa and Helminthic Diseases, ed. Marcial-Rojas, R. A. & Robert, E. pp. 254–290. Huntington, New York: Krieger Publishing Co.
  • Frenkel, J. K., Nelson, B. M. & Arias-Stella, J. (1975). Immunosuppression and toxoplasmic encephalitis. Human Pathology, 6, 97–111.
  • Frenkel, J. K., Dubey, J. P. & Miller, N. L. (1970). Toxoplasma gondii in cats: fecal stages identified as coccidian oocysts. Science, 167, 893–896.
  • Frenkel, J. K. (1956). Pathogenesis of toxoplasmosis and of infections with organisms resembling Toxoplasma. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 64, 215–251.
  • Frenkel, J. K. (1972). Toxoplasmosis. In Pathology of the Nervous System ed. Vol. 3. Minckler, J., pp. 2521–2538. New York; McGraw-Hill.
  • Frenkel, J. K. (1973). Toxoplasmosis: parasite life cycle, Pathology and immunology. In The Coccidia, Eimeria, Isospora. Toxoplasma and related genera, eds. Hammond, D. M. & Long, P. L. B. pp. 343–410. London.
  • Frenkel, J. K. (1974). Pathology and pathogenesis of congenital toxoplasmosis. Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 50, 182–191.
  • Garnham, P. C. C., Baker, J. R. & Bird, R. G. (1962). The structure of the cystic form of Toxoplasma gondii. British Medical Journal, 1, (5271), 83–84.
  • Gluecksohn-Waelsch, S. (1957). The effect of maternal immunization against organ tissues on embryonic differentiation on the mouse. Journal of Embryology and Experimental Morphology, 5, 83–91.
  • Gray, J. A. (1979). Emotionality in male and female rodents: a reply to Archer. British Journal of Psychology, 70, 425–440.
  • Hall, C. S. (1934). Emotional behaviour in the rat. I. Defecation and urination as measures of individual differences in emotionality. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 18, 385–403.
  • Hall, C. S. (1941). Temperament: a survey of animal studies. Psychological Bulletin, 38, 909–943.
  • Hay, J., Hutchison, W. M., Lee, W. R. & Siim, J. Chr. (1981). Cataract in mice congenitally infected with Toxoplasma. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 75, 455–457.
  • Hay, J. & Kerrigan, P. (1982). Photography of cataract in mice congenitally infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 76, 363–365.
  • Henry, L. & Beverley, J. K. A. (1969). Experimental toxoplasmic myocarditis and myositis in mice. British Journal of Experimental Pathology, 50, 230–238.
  • Henry, L. & Beverley, J. K. A. (1973). Comparative pathology of Toxoplasma infections. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 6, xxi–xxii.
  • Hutchison, W. M., Dunachie, J. F., Sum, J. Chr. & Work, K. (1969a). The life cycle of Toxoplasma gondii. British Medical Journal, 4, 806.
  • Hutchison, W. M., Dunachie, J. F. & Work, K. (1969a). Transmissible toxoplasms. In Nippostrongylus and Toxoplasma, ed. Taylor, A. E. R. Symposium of the British Society for Parasitology, 7, 51–63.
  • Hutchison, W. M., Dunachie, J. F., Siim, J. Chr. & Work, K. (1970). Coccidian-like nature of Toxoplasma gondii. British Medical Journal, 1, 142–144.
  • Hutchison, W. M., Dunachie, J. F., Work, K. & Sum, J, Chr. (1971). The life cycle of the coccidian parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, in the domestic, cat. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 65, 380–399.
  • Hutchison, W. M., Aitken, P. P. & Wells, B. W. P. (1980a). Chronic Toxoplasma infections and familiarity-novelty discrimination in the mouse. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 74, 145–150.
  • Hutchison, W. M., Bradley, M., Cheyne, W. M., Wells, B. W. P. & Hay, J. (1980b). Behavioural abnormalities in Toxoplasma-infected mice. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 74, 337–345.
  • Hutchison, W. M., Aitken, P. P. & Wells, B. W. P. (1980c). Chronic Toxoplasma infections and motor performance in the mouse. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 74, 507–510.
  • Hutchison, W. M., Hay, J., Lee, W. R. & Siim, J. Chr. (1982). A study of cataract in murine congenital toxoplasmosis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 76, 53–70.
  • Jacobs, L., Remington, J. S. & Melton, M. L. (1960). A survey of meat samples from swine, cattle and sheep for the presence of encysted Toxoplasma. Journal of Parasitology, 46, 23–28.
  • Kinnaird, W. J. & Carr, G. J. (1957). A preliminary procedure for the evaluation of central nervous system depressants. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 121, 354–361.
  • Kim, J. O. & Kohout, F. J. (1975). Analysis of variance and covariance: subprograms anova and oneway. In Nie, N. H., Hadlai Hull, C., Jenkins, J. G., Steinbrenner, K. & Bent, D. H. In Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, 2nd Edn, pp. 405–408. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Kobayashi, T. (1963). Brain-to-body ratios and time of maturation of the mouse brain. American Journal of Physiology, 204, 343–346.
  • Korr, H. (1980). Proliferation of different cell types in the brain. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, 61, 1–69.
  • Lainson, R. (1958). Observations on the development and nature of pseudocysts of Toxoplasma gondii. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 52, 396–407.
  • Levaditi, C., Schoen, R. & Sanchis-Bayarri, V. (1928). L'infection toxoplasmique experimentale d'oeil. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie (Paris), 98, 1414–1419.
  • Levine, S. & Sowinski, R. (1973). Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in inbred and outbred mice. Journal of Immunology, 110, 139–143.
  • Lynch, A., Smart, J. L. & Dobbing, J. (1975). Motor co-ordination and cerebellar size in adult rats undernourished in early life. Brain Rresearch, 83, 249–259.
  • Motomura, I. & Jo, K. (1970). Estimation of the number of parasites contained within a cyst, and growth and distribution of cysts in the brains of mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii. Tropical Medicine, (Nagasaki), 12, 41–50.
  • Olitsky, P. K. & Yager, R. H. (1949a). Experimental disseminated encephalomyelitis in white mice. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 90, 213–223.
  • Olitsky, P. K. & Yager, R. H. (1949b). Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis produced in albino mice. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 70, 600–601.
  • Olitsky, P. K. & Tal, C. (1952). Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis produced in mice by brain pro-teolipide (Folch-Lees). Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 79, 50–53.
  • Perkins, E. S. (1961). Uveitis and Toxoplasmosis. London: Churchill.
  • Piekarski, G. & Witte, H. M. (1970). Der Erreger der Toxoplasmose—ein spezifischer Katzenparasit. Umschau, 11, 342–343.
  • Piekarski, G., Zippelius, H.-M. & Witting, P.-A. (1978). Auswirkungen einer latenten Toxoplasma Infektion auf das Lernvermögen von weissen Laboratoriumsratten und mäusen. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 57, 1–15.
  • Remington, J. S. (1961a). Discussion of paper by Lainson, R. 1961. Survey of Ophthalmology, 6, 730.
  • Remington, J. S. (1961b). Experiments on the transmission of toxoplasmosis. Survey of Ophthalmology, 6, 856–876.
  • Remington, J. S., Jacobs, L. & Melton, M. L. (1961). Congenital transmission of toxoplasmosis from mother animals with acute and chronic infections. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 108, 163–173.
  • Remington, J. S. & Cavanaugh, E. N. (1965). Isolation of the encysted form of Toxoplasma gondii from human skeletal muscle and brain. New England Journal of Medicine, 273, 1308–1310.
  • Remington, J. S. & Desmonts, G. (1976). Toxoplasmosis. In Infectious Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant, eds. Remington, J. S. & Klein, J. O., pp. 191–332. Philadelphia: Saunders.
  • Rodier, P. M. (1980). Chronology of neuron development: animal studies and their clinical implications. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 22, 525–545.
  • Rommel, M. & Breunig, J. (1967). Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen von Toxoplasma gondii in der Milch einiger Tierarten und die Möglichkeit der laktogenen Infektion. Berliner und Münchener Tierärzliche Wochenschrift, 80, 365–384.
  • Sackett, G. P. (1978). Measurement in observational research. In Observing Behaviour, vol. 2, Data Collection and Analysis Methods, ed. Sackett, G. P. pp. 25–45. Baltimore: University Park Press.
  • Scheffé, H. A. (1953). A method for judging all possible contrasts in the analysis of variance. Biometrika, 40, 87–104.
  • Scheffé, H. A. (1960.) The Analysis of Variance. New York: Wiley.
  • Seamer, J. & Peto, S. (1969). A method of assessment of central nervous function in mice with viral encephalomyelitis. Laboratory Animals, 3, 129–140.
  • Sheffield, H. G. & Melton, M. L. (1970). Toxoplasma gondii: the oocyst, sporozoite, and infection of cultured cells. Science, 167, 892–893.
  • Sidman, R. L., Angevine, J. B. & Pierce, E. T. (1971). Atlas of the Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Smart, J. L. (1971). Long-lasting effects of early nutritional deprivation on the behaviour of rodents. Folia Psychiatrica, Neurologica et Neurochirurgica Neerlandica, 74, 443–452.
  • Smart, J. L. & Dobbing, J. (1971a). Vulnerability of developing brain: II. Effects of early nutritional deprivation on reflex ontogeny and development of behaviour in the rat. Brain Research, 28, 85–95.
  • Smart, J. L. & Dobbing, J. (1971b). Vulnerability of developing brain: VI. Relative effects of fetal and early postnatal undernutrition on reflex ontogeny and development of behaviour in the rat. Brain Research, 32, 303–314.
  • Smart, J. L., Dobbing, J., Adlard, B. P. F., Lynch, A. & Sands, J. (1973). Vulnerability of developing brain: relative effect of growth restriction during the fetal and suckling periods on behaviour and brain composition of adult rats. Journal of Nutrition, 103, 1327–1328.
  • Stagno, S., Reynolds, D. W., Amos, C. S., Dahle, A. J., Mccollister, F. P., Mohindra, I., Ermocilla, R. & Alford, C. A. (1977). Auditory and visual defects resulting from symptomatic and subclinical congenital cytomegalovirus and Toxoplasma infections. Pediatrics, 59, 669–678.
  • Stahl, W., Matsubayashi, H. & Akao, S. (1966). Experimental toxoplasmosis: effects of suppression of the immune response of mice by cortisone and splenectomy. Keio Journal of Medicine, 15, 1–10.
  • Surjus, A., Lavillaureix, J. & Gruner, J. E. (1963). L'encéphalite à toxoplasme de la souris. Apparition de structures fibrillaires dans le noyau des neurones et de la glie. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie, Paris, 157, 1059–1061.
  • Tansley, K. (1965). Vision in Vertebrates. London: Chapman & Hall.
  • Theiler, K. (1972). The House Mouse. Development and normal stages from Fertilization to 4 Weeks of Age. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Werner, H., Masihi, K. N. & Senk U. (1981). Latent Toxoplasma infection as a possible risk factor for CNS disorders. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, I. Abteilung Originale A, 250, 368–375.
  • Witting, P. -A. (1979). Learning capacity and memory of normal and Toxoplasma-infected laboratory rats and mice. Zuschrift für Parasitenkunde, 61, 29–51.
  • Zypen, E. van Der, & Piekarski, G. (1966). Zur Ultrastruktur der Cystenwand von Toxoplasma gondii im Gehirn der weissen Maus. Zeitschrift für Parasitenkunde, 28, 45–59.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.