Urinary schistosomiasis in Maiduguri, north east Nigeria

REFERENCES

• Beaufils, H., Lebon, P., Auriol, M. & Denis, M. (1978). Glomerular lesions in patients with Schistosoma haematobium infection. Tropical and Geographical Medicine, 30, 183–191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chute, H. M. (1888). Bilharzia haematobia, Distomum haematobium, endemic haematuria. South African Medical Journal, 4, 85–87.
   Google Scholar
• Edington, G. M., Von Lichtenberg, Nwakulo, I., Taylor, J. R. & Smith, J. R. (1970). Pathologic effects of schistosomiasis in Ibadan, Western State of Nigeria. I. Incidence and intensity of infection, distribution and severity of lesions. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 19, 982–995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edington, G. M. & Gilles, H. M. (1976). Pathology in the Tropics, p. 166. London: Edward Arnold.
   Google Scholar
• Ezzat, E., Hafeeze, R., Tohamy, M., Ata, A. & Omar, A. H. (1975). Messangio-capillary glomerulonephritis in upper Egypt and its relationship to chronic bacterial and parasitic disease. Abstracts of Sixth International Congress of Nephrology. Florence, p. 307.
   Google Scholar
• Farid, Z., Miner, W. F., Higashi, G. I. & Hassan, A. (1976). Reversibility of lesions in Schistosomiasis—a brief review. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 79, 164–166.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Forsyth, D. M. & Macdonald, G. (1965). Urological complications of endemic schistosomiasis in school children. Part I. Usagara school. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59, 171–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forsyth, D. M. & Macdonald, G. (1966). Urologic complications of endemic schistosomiasis in school children. Part 2. Donge school, Zanzibar. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 60, 568–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilles, H. M., Lucas, A., Adeniyi-Jones, C., Linder, R., Anand, S. V., Braland, H., Cockshott, W. P., Cowper, S. G., Muller, R. L., Hira, P. R. & Wilson, A. M. M. (1965). Schistosoma haematobium infection in Nigeria. II. Infection in primary schools in Ibadan. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 59, 441–450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenham, R. & Cameron, A. (1980). Schistosoma haematobium and the nephrotic syndrome. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 74, 609–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanash, K. A. & Bissada N. K. (1983). Genito-urinary schistosomiasis (bilharziasis). Part 6. Carcinoma of the bilharzial bladder. King Faisal Specialist Hospital, Medical Journal, 3, 47–53.
   Google Scholar
• Hashem, M., Zaki, S. A. & Hussein, M. (1961). The bilharzial bladder cancer and its relation to schistosomiasis; a statistical study. Journal of the Egyptian Medical Association, 40, 579.
   Google Scholar
• Lehman, J. S., Farid, A., Bassily, S. & Kent D. C. (1970). Renal function in urinary schistosomiasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 19, 1001–1006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mgawe, S. A. (1981). Schistosomal nephrotic syndrome. Tropical Doctor, 11, 187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mott, K. E., Dixon, H., Osei-Tutu, E. & England, E. C. (1983). Relation between intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection and clinical haematuria and proteinuria. The Lancet, 1005–1008.
   Google Scholar
• Oyediran, A. B. O. O. (1979). Renal disease due to the schistosomiasis of the lower urinary tract. Kidney International, 16, 15–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prates, M. A. & Torres, F. O. (1965). A cancer survey in Lourence Marques, Portuguese East Africa. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 35, 729.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh, R. N. H., Jakubowaki, A. W. & Gilles, H. M. (1979). Malumfashi Endemic Disease Research Project VI. Urinary schistosomiasis. Abnormal urogram in infected males from the Malumfashi study area, northern Nigeria. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 73, 37–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh, R. N. H., Gilles, H. M. & Sanderson, J. R. (1979). Malumfashi Endemic Disease Research Project IX. Urinary schistosomiasis and hypertension in the Malumfashi area. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 73, 293–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pugh, R. N. H., Bell, D. R. & Gilles, H. M. (1980). Malumfashi Endemic Diseases Research Project XV. The potential medical importance of bilharzia in Northern Nigeria: A suggested rapid, cheap and effective solution for control of Schistosoma haematobium infection. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 74, 597–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadisgursky, M., Andrade, Z. A., Danner, R., Cheever, A. W., Kamel, I. A. & Elwi, A. (1976). Absence of schistosomal glomerulopathy in Schistosoma haematobium infection in man. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 70, 322–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soyannwo, M. A. O., Ayeni, O. & Lucas, A. O. (1978a) Studies on the prevalence of renal disease and hypertension in relation to Schistosomiasis. IV. Sytomic blood pressure, hypertension and related features. Nigerian Medical Journal, 8, 465–476.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soyannwo, M. A. O., Lagundoye, S. E. & Lucas, A. O. (1978b). Studies on the prevalence of renal disease and hypertension in relation to schistosomiasis. V. Radiological findings: Plain X-ray abdomen and intravenous pyelogram. Nigerian Medical Journal, 8, 477–486.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wilcock, G. & Manson-Bahr, P. E. C. (1972). Manson's Tropical Diseases, p. 293. London: Baillière Tindall.
   Google Scholar
• Wolfe, M. W. & Quaratey, J. M. K. (1967). Urinary schistosomiasis in Ghana; a report of 53 cases with special reference to pylographic and cytoscopic abnormalities. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 61, 90–99.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar