Hantavirus: an increasing problem?

REFERENCES

• Anon. (1993a). Update: hantavirus disease—United States, 1993. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 42, 612–614.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anon. (1993b). Update: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome—United States 1993. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 42, 816–820.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anon. (1993c). Hantavirus infection—south western United States: interim recommendations for risk reduction. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 42, 1–13.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anon. (1994). Newly identified hantavirus—Florida 1994. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 43, 99–105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bennett, M., Lloyd, G., Jones, N., Brown, A., Trees, A. J., McCracken, C., Smyth, N. R., Gaskell, C. J. & Gaskell, R. M. (1990). Prevalence of antibody to hantavirus in some cat populations in Britain. Veterinary Record, 127, 548–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, H. X., Qui, F. X., Dong, B. J., Ji, S. Z., Li, Y. T., Wang, Y., Wang, H. M., Zuo, G. F., Tao, X. X. & Gao, S. Y. (1986). Epidemiological studies on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in China. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 154, 394–398.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childs, J. E., Glass, G. E., Korch, G. W. & LeDuc, J. W. (1989). Effects of hantaviral infection on survival, growth and fertility in wild rat (Rattus norvegicus) populations of Baltimore, Maryland. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 25, 469–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childs, J. E., Korch, G. W., Glass, G. E. & LeDuc, J. W. (1987a). Prospective seroepidemiology of hantaviruses and population dynamics of small mammal communities of Baltimore, Maryland. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 37, 648–652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childs, J. E., Korch, G. W., Glass, G. E., LeDuc, J. W. & Shah, K. V. (1987b). Epizootiology of hantavirus infections in Baltimore: isolation of virus from Norway rats and characteristics of infected rat populations. American Journal of Epidemiology, 126, 55–68.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clement, J., McKenna, P., Colson, P., Damoiseaux, P., Penalba, C., Halin, P. & Lombart, D. (1993). Hantavirus epidemic in Europe, 1993. Lancet, i, 114.
   Google Scholar
• Clement, J. & Van Der Groen, G. (1987). Acute hantavirus nephropathy in Belgium: preliminary results of a sero-epidemiological study. In Acute Renal Failure, eds Amerio, A., Coratelli, P., Campese, V. M. & Massry, S. G. pp. 251–263. New York: Plenum.
   Google Scholar
• Cosgriff, T. M. (1991). Mechanisms of diseases in hantavirus infection; pathophysiology of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 13, 97–107.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Couland, X., Chouaib, E., Georges, A. J., Rollin, P. & Gonzales, J. P. (1987). First human case of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Central African Republic. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 81, 686.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dournon, E., Moriniere, B., Matheron, S., Girard, P. M., Gonzalez, J. P., Hirsch, F. & McCormick, J. B. (1984). HFRS after a wild rodent bite in the Haute-Savoie and risk of exposure to Hantaan-like virus in a Paris laboratory. Lancet, i, 676–677.
   Google Scholar
• Duchin, J. S., Koster, F. T., Peters, C. J., Simpson, G. L., Tempest, B., Zaki, S. R., Ksiazek, T., Rollin, P. E., Nichol, S., Umland, E. T., Moolenaar, R. L., Reef, S. E., Nolte, K. B., Gallagher, M. M., Butler, J. C. & Breiman, R. F. (1994). Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome: a clinical description of 17 patients with a newly recognized disease. New England Journal of Medicine, 330, 945–955.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliott, R. M., Schmaljohn, C. S. & Collett, M. S. (1991). Bunyaviridae genome structure and gene expression. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology, 169, 92–141.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• French, G. R., Foulke, R. S., Brand, O. A., Eddy, G. A., Lee, H. W. & Lee, P. W. (1981). Korean hemorrhagic fever: propagation of the etiologic agent in a cell line of human origin. Science, 211, 1046–1048.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajdusek, D. C. (1956). Hemorrhagic fevers in Asia: a problem in medical ecology. Geographical Reviews, 46, 20–42.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gajdusek, D. C. (1982). Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (Korean hemorrhagic fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, nephropathia endemica): a newly recognized zoonotic plaque of the Eurasian landmass with the possibility of related muroid nephropathies on other continents. In Viral Diseases in South-East Asia and the Western Pacific, ed. Mackenzie, J. S. pp. 576–594. Sydney: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gavrilovskaya, I. N., Apekina, N. S., Yu, A., Myasnikov, A. D., Bernshtein, A. D., Ryltseva, E. V., Gorbachkova, E. A. & Chumakov, M. P. (1983). Features of circulation of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus among small mammals in the European USSR. Archives of Virology, 75, 313–316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giebel, L. B., Zoller, L., Beutz, E. K. F. & Darai, G. (1990). Rapid detection of genomic variations in different strains of hantavirus by polymerase chain reaction techniques and nucleotide sequence analysis. Virus Research, 16, 127–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass, G. E., Watson, A. J., LeDuc, J. W., Kelen, G. D., Quinn, T. C. & Childs, J. E. (1993). Infection with ratborne hantavirus in US residents is consistently associated with hypertensive renal disease. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 167, 614–620.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gligic, A., Dimkovic, N., Xiao, S.-Y., Buckle, G. J., Jovanovic, D., Velimirovic, D., Stojanovic, R., Obradovic, M., Diglisi, C., Micic, J., Asher, D. M., LeDuc, J. K., Yanagihara, R. & Gajdusek, D. C. (1992). Belgrade virus: a new hantavirus causing severe hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Yugoslavia. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 166, 113–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groen, J., Jordans, H. M. G., Clements, J. P. G., Rooijakkers, E. J. M., Uydte-Haag, F. G. C. M., Dalrymple, J., Van Der Groen, G. & Osterhaus, A. D. M. E. (1991). Identification of hantavirus serotypes by testing of post-infection sera in immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Journal of Medical Virology, 33, 26–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groen, J., Van Der Groen, G., Hoofd, G. & Osterhaus, A. (1989). Comparison of immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the serology of Hantaan virus infections. Journal of Virological Methods, 23, 195–203.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hedman, K., Vaheri, A. & Brummer-Korvenkontio, M. (1991). Rapid diagnosis of hantavirus disease with an IgG-avidity assay. Lancet, ii, 1353–1356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huggins, J. W., Hsiang, C. M., Cosgriff, T. M., Guang, M. Y., Smith, J. I., Wu, Z. O., LeDuc, J. W., Zheng, Z. M., Meegan, J. M., Wang, Q. N., Oland, D. D., Gui, X. E., Gibbs, P. H., Yuan, G. H. & Zhang, T. M. (1991). Prospective double-blind concurrent, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intravenous ribavirin therapy of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 164, 1119–1127.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasahara, S. & Kitano, M. (1943). Studies on pathogen of epidemic hemorrhagic fever. Japanese Journal of Pathology, 33, 476–483.
   Google Scholar
• LeDuc, J. W., Smith, G. A., Childs, J. E., Pinheiro, F. P., Maiztegui, J. I., Niklasson, B., Antoniades, A., Robinson, D. M., Khin, M., Shortridge, K. F., Wooster, M. T., Elwell, M. R., Iberon, P. L. T., Koech, D., Rosa, E. S. T. & Rosen, L. (1986). Global survey of antibody to Hantaan related viruses among peridomestic rodents. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 64, 139–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H. W. (1982). Korean hemorrhagic fever. Progress in Medical Virology, 28, 96–113.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee, H. W., Lee, P. W., Baek, L. J., Song, C. K. & Seong, I. W. (1981). Intraspecific transmission of Hantaan virus, etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever, in the rodent Apodemus agrarius. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 30, 1106–1112.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, H. W., Lee, P. W. & Johnson, K. M. (1978). Isolation of the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 137, 298–308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, M., Kim, B.-K., Kim, S., Park, S., Han, J. S., Kim, T. & Lee, J. S. (1989). Coagulopathy in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (Korean hemorrhagic fever). Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 11, S877–S883.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Le Guenno, B. (1993). Identifying a hantavirus associated with acute respiratory illness: a PCR victory? Lancet, ii, 1438–1439.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le Guenno, B., Camprasse, M. A., Guilbaut, J. C., Lanoux, P. & Hoen, B. (1994). Hantavirus epidemic in Europe 1993. Lancet, i, 114–115.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd, G. (1991). Hantavirus. In Current Topics in Clinical Virology, ed. Morgan-Capner, P. pp. 181–204. Colindale, U.K.: Public Health Laboratory Service.
   Google Scholar
• Lloyd, G. & Jones, N. (1986). Infection of laboratory workers with hantavirus acquired from immunocytomas propagated in laboratory rats. Journal of Infection, 12, 117–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo, Z. Z. (1985). Isolation of epidemic haemorrhagic fever virus from a cat. Chinese Journal of Microbiology and Immunology, 5, 79–81.
   Google Scholar
• McKee, K. T., LeDuc, J. W. & Peters, C. J. (1991). Hantaviruses. In Textbook of Human Virology, ed. Belshe, R. B. pp. 615–632. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book.
   Google Scholar
• Myhrman, G. (1951). Nephropathia epidemica: a new infectious disease in Northern Scandinavia. Acta Medica Scandinavica, 140, 52–56.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nerurkar, V. R., Song, K.-J., Gajdusek, D. C. & Yanagihara, R. (1993). Genetically distinct hantavirus in deer mice. Lancet, ii, 1058–1060.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nichol, S. T., Spiropoulou, C. F., Morzunov, S., Rollin, P. E., Ksiazek, T. G., Feldman, H., Sanchez, A., Childs, J., Zaki, S. & Peters, C. J. (1993). Genetic identication of a hantavirus associated with an outbreak of acute respiratory illness. Science, 262, 914–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niklasson, B. & LeDuc, J. W. (1987). Epidemiology of nephropathia epidemica in Sweden. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 155, 269–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niklasson, B., LeDuc, J. W., Nystrom, K. & Nyman, L. (1987). Nephropathia epidemica: incidence of clinical cases and antibody prevalence in an endemic area of Sweden. Epidemiology of Infection, 99, 559–562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuzum, E. O., Rossi, C. A., Stephenson, E. H. & LeDuc, J. W. (1988). Aerosol transmission of Hantaan and related viruses to laboratory rats. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 38, 636–640.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okuno, Y., Yamanishi, K., Takahashi, Y., Tanishita, O., Nagai, T., Dantas, J. R., Okamoto, Y., Tadano, M. & Takahashi, M. (1986). Haemagglutination-inhibition test for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome using virus antigen prepared from infected tissue culture fluid. Journal of General Virology, 67, 149–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paul, J. R. & McClure, W. W. (1958). Epidemic hemorrhagic fever attack rates among United Nations troops during the Korean war. American Journal of Hygiene, 68, 126–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peter, J. B., Patnaik, M., Gott, P., Weins, B. & Souw, P. T. S. (1994). Antibodies to different strains of hantavirus in end-stage renal disease in USA and Japan. Lancet, i, 181.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodier, G., Soliman, A. K., Bouloumie, J. & Kremer, D. (1993). Presence of antibodies to Hantavirus in rat and human populations of Djibouti. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, 160–161.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmaljohn, C. (1988). Hantaan virus. In Virus Diseases in Laboratory and Captive Animals, ed. Darai, G. pp. 535–554. Boston: Martinus Nijhoff.
   Google Scholar
• Schmaljohn, C. S., Chu, Y.-K., Schmaljohn, A. C. & Dalrymple, J. M. (1990). Antigenic subunits of hantaan virus expressed by baculovirus and vaccinia virus recombinants. Journal of Virology, 64, 3162–3170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Settergren, B. (1991). Nephropathia epidemica (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome) in Scandinavia. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 13, 736–744.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Settergren, B., Juto, P., Wadell, G., Trollfors, B. & Norrby, S. R. (1988). Incidence and geographic distribution of serologically verified cases of nephropathia epidemica in Sweden. American Journal of Epidemiology, 127, 801–807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smadel, J. E. (1951). Epidemic haemorrhagic fever. American Journal of Public Health, 43, 1327–1330.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smorodintsev, A. A., Altshuller, I. S., Dunaevskii, M. I., Kokhreidze, K. A., Neustroev, V. D. & Churilov, A. V. (1944). In Etiology and Clinical Features of Haemorrhagic Nephroso-nephritis, ed. Smorodintsev, A. A. pp. 26–47. Moscow: Academy of Medical Science.
   Google Scholar
• Tang, Y. W., Xu, Z. Y., Zhu, Z. Y. & Tsai, T. F. (1985). Isolation of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome virus from Syncus murinus an insectivore. Lancet, i, 513–514.
   Google Scholar
• Tomori, O., Morikawa, S., Matsuura, Y. & Kitamura, T. (1986). Antibody to Japanese strain of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Nigeria sera. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 80, 1008–1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai, T. F. (1987). Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: mode of transmission to humans. Laboratory Animal Science, 37, 428–430.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Umenai, T., Lee, H. W., Lee, P. W., Saito, T., Toyoda, T., Hongo, M., Yoshinnga, K., Nobunaga, T., Horiuchi, T. & Ishida, N. (1979). Korean haemorrhagic fever in staff in an animal laboratory. Lancet, i, 1314–1316.
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Groen, G. & Beelaert, G. (1985). Immunoperoxidase assay for the detection of specific IgG antibodies to Hantaan virus. Journal of Virological Methods, 10, 53–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weissenbacher, M. C., Merani, M. S., Hodara, V. L., De Villafane, G., Gajdusek, D. C., Chu, Y. K. & Lee, H. W. (1990). Hantavirus infection in laboratory and wild rodents in Argentina. Medicina Buenos Aires, 50, 43–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (1993). Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Weekly Epidemiological Record, 68, 189–191.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Xiao, S.-Y., Yanagihara, R., Godec, M. S., Eldadah, Z. A., Johnson, B. K., Gajdusek, D. C. & Asher, D. M. (1991). Detection of hantavirus RNA in tissues of experimentally infected mice using reverse transcriptase-directed polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Medical Virology, 33, 277–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagihara, R., Amyx, H. L. & Gajdusek, D. C. (1985). Experimental infection with Puumala virus, the etiologic agent of nephropathia epidemica, in bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus). Journal of Virology, 55, 34–38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanagihara, R. & Silverman, D. J. (1990). Experimental infection of human vascular endothelial cells by pathogenic and non-pathogenic hantaviruses. Archives of Virology, 111, 281–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yao, Z.-Q., Yang, W.-S., Zhang, W.-B. & Bai, X.-F. (1989). The distribution and duration of hantaan virus in the body fluids of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 160, 218–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar