6
Views
46
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Blood-brain barrier damage in experimental African trypanosomiasis

, , &
Pages 607-616 | Received 01 Jun 1994, Accepted 02 Aug 1994, Published online: 15 Nov 2016

REFERENCES

  • Alafiatayo, R. A., Crawley, B., Oppenheim, B. A. & Pentreath, V. W. (1993). Endotoxins and the pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection in mice. Parasitology, 107, 49–53.
  • Amevigbe, M. D. D., Jauberteau-Marchan, M. O., Bouteille, B., Doua, F., Breton, J. C., Nicholas, J. A. & Dumas, M. (1992). Human African trypanosomiasis: presence of antibodies to galactocerebrosides. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 47, 652–662.
  • Anthoons, J. A. M. S., Van Marck, E. A. E., Gigase, P. L. J. & Stevens, W. J. (1989). Immunohisto-chemical characterization of the mononuclear cells in the brain of the rat with an experimental chronic Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infection. Parasitology Research, 75, 251–256.
  • Bakhiet, A. M. O. (1993). Immunopathogenesis of Experimental African Trypanosomiasis. Interactions between Trypanosoma brucei brucei, CD8+ T Cells and Interferon Gamma. Stockholm: Karolinska Institute.
  • Bentivoglio, M., Grassi-Zucconi, G., Olsson, T. & Kristensson, K. (1994). Trypanosoma brucei and the nervous system. Trends in Neuroscience, 17, 325–329.
  • Davey, A. K. & Nicholls, P. J. (1994). Toxicology of bacterial endotoxins. Toxicology and Ecotoxicology News, 1, 76–80.
  • Jennings, F. W., Hunter, C. A., Kennedy, P. G. E. & Murray, M. (1993). Chemotherapy of Trypanosoma brucei infection of the central nervous system: the use of a rapid chemotherapeutic regimen and the development of post-treatment encephalopathies. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 87, 224–226.
  • Jiang, J. Y., Lyeth, B. G., Kapasi, M. A., Jenkins, L. W. & Povlishock, J. T. (1992). Moderate hypothermia reduces blood-brain disruption following traumatic brain injury in the rat. Acta Neuropathologica, 84, 495–500.
  • Katzman, P. & Pappius, H. M. (1973). Brain Electrolytes and Fluid Metabolism. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
  • Kim, K. S., Wass, C. A., Cross, A. S. & Opal, S. M. (1992). Modulation of blood-brain barrier permeability by tumor necrosis factor and antibody to tumor necrosis factor in the rat. Lymphokine and Cytokine Research, 11, 293–298.
  • Klatzo, I. (1967). Neuropathological aspects of brain oedema. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 26, 1–14.
  • Kuroiwa, T., Cahn, R., Juhler, M., Goping, G., Campbell, G. & Klatzo, I. (1985). Role of extracellular proteins in the dynamics of vasogenic brain oedema. Acta Neuropathologica, 66, 3–11.
  • Lambert, P. H., Berney, M. & Kazyumba, G. (1981). Immune complexes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in African trypanosomiasis. Correlation with polyclonal B cell activation and with intracerebral immunoglobulin synthesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 67, 77–85.
  • Morgani-Kossmann, M. C., Kossmann, T. & Wahl, S. M. (1992). Cytokines and neuropathology. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, 13, 286–291.
  • Pentreath, V. W. (1995). Trypanosomiasis and the nervous system: pathology and immunology. Transaction of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, in press.
  • Pentreath, V. W., Owolabi, O. A. & Doua, F. (1992). Survival of Trypanosoma brucei brucei in cerebrospinal fluid. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 86, 29–34.
  • Peruzzi, M. (1928). Pathological-anatomical and serological observations on trypanosomiasis. In Final Report of the League of Nations International Commission on Human Trypanosomiasis, pp. 245–336. Geneva: League of Nations.
  • Poltera, A., Hochman, A. & Lambert, P. H. (1980). Trypanosoma brucei brucei: a model for cerebral trypanosomiasis in mice—an immunological, histological and electronmicroscopic study. Clinical and Experimental Immunology, 40, 496–507.
  • Quagliarello, V. & Scheld, W. M. (1992). Bacterial meningitis: pathogenesis, pathophysiology and progress. New England Journal of Medicine, 327, 864–872.
  • Schmidt, H. & Bafort, J. M. (1985). African trypanosomiasis: treatment-induced invasion of brain and encephalitis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 34, 64–68.
  • Schmitz, M. P., Combs, D. J. & Dempsey, R. J. (1993). Difluoromethylornithine decreases postischemic brain oedema and blood-brain barrier breakdown. Neurosurgery, 33, 882–887.
  • Schultzberg, M., Ambatsis, M., Samuelsson, E. B., Kristensson, K. & Van Meirvenne, N. (1988). Spread of Trypanosoma brucei to the nervous system: early attack on the circumventricular organs and sensory ganglia. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 21, 51–61.
  • Van Marck, E. A. E., Le Ray, D., Beckers, A., Jacob, W., Wery, M. & Gigase, P. L. J. (1981). Light and electron microscope studies on extravascular Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the brain of chronically infected rodents. Annales de la Societé Belge de Médicine Tropicale, 61, 57–78.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.