8
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Influence of soluble proteins from the salivary glands of ixodid ticks on the in-vitro proliferative responses of lymphocytes from BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice

, , &
Pages 507-518 | Received 03 Apr 2000, Accepted 08 May 2000, Published online: 15 Nov 2016

REFERENCE

  • Barthold, S. W., Beck, D. S., Hanse, G. M., Terwilliger, G. A. & Moody, K. D. (1990). Lyme borreliosis in selected strains and ages of laboratory mice. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 162, 133–138.
  • Bergman, D. K., Ramachandra, R. N. & Wikel, S. K. (1995). Dermacentor andersoni: salivary gland proteins suppressing T-lymphocyte responses to concanavalin A in vitro. Experimental Parasitology, 81, 262–271.
  • Bergman, D. K., Ramachandra, R. N. & Wikel, S. K. (1998). Characterization of an immunosuppressant protein from Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) salivary glands. Journal of Medical Entomology, 35, 505–509.
  • Borsky, I., Hermanek, J., Uhlir, J. & Dusabek, F. (1994). Humoral and cellular immune response of BALB/c mice to repeated infestations with Ixodes ricinus nymphs. International Journal for Parasitology, 24, 127–132.
  • Brossard, M. & Wikel, S. K. (1997). Immunology of interactions between ticks and hosts. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 11, 270–276.
  • Brossard, M., Rutti, B. & Haug, T. (1991). Immunological relationships between host and ixodid ticks. In Parasite-host Associations: Coexistence or Conflict, eds Toft, C. A., Aeschliman, A. & Bolic, L. pp. 177–200. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Champagne, D. E. & Valenzuela, J. G. (1996). Pharmacology of haematophagous arthropod saliva. In The Immunology of Host-ecloparasilic Arthropod Relationships, ed. Wikel, S. K. pp. 85–106. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.
  • Christe, M., Rutti, B. & Brossard, M. (1998). Susceptibility of BALB/c mice to nymphs and larvae of Ixodes ricinus after modulation of IgE production with anti-interleukin-4 or anti-interferon-γ monoclonal antibodies. Parasitology Research, 84, 388–393.
  • Christe, M., Rutti, B. & Brossard, M. (1999). Influence of the genetic background and parasite load of mice on the immune response developed against nymphs of Ixodes ricinus. Parasitology Research, 85, 557–561.
  • Clover, J. R. & Lane, R. S. (1995). Evidence implicating nymphal Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in th epidemiology of Lyme disease in California. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 53, 237–240.
  • Dennis, D. T., Nekomoto, T. S., Victor, J. C., Paul, W. S. & Piesman, J. (1998). Reported distribution of Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus (Acari: Ixodidae) in the United States. Journal of Medical Entomology, 35, 629–638.
  • Dusbabek, F., Borsky, I., Jelinek, F. & Uhlir, J. (1995). Immunosuppression and feeding success of Ixodes ricinus nymphs on BALB/c mice. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 9, 133–140.
  • Ferreira, B. R. & Silva, J. S. (1999). Successive tick infestations selectively promote a T-helper 2 cytokine profile in mice. Immunology, 96, 434–439.
  • Fuchsberger, N., Kita, M., Hahnicka, V., Imanishi, J., Labuda, M. & Nuttal, P. A. (1995). Ixodid tick salivary gland extracts inhibit production of lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA of several different human cytokines. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 19, 671–676.
  • Ganapamo, F., Rutti, B. & Brossard, M. (1995). In vitro production of interleukin-4 and interferongamma by lymph node cells from BALB/c mice infested with Ixodes ricinus ticks. Immunology, 85, 120–124.
  • Gibbons, J. D. (1971). Nonparametric Statistical Inference. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Kopecky, J., Kuthejlova, M. & Pechova, J. (1999). Salivary gland extract from Ixodes ricinus ticks inhibits production of interferon-gamma by upregulation of interleukin-10. Parasite Immunology, 21, 351–356.
  • Lane, R. S., Plesman, J. & Burgdorfer, W. (1991). Lyme borreliosis: relation of its causative agent to its vectors and hosts in North America and Europe. Annual Review of Entomology, 36, 587–609.
  • Marascuilo, L. A. & Serlin, R. C. (1988). Statistical Methods for the Social and Behavioral Sciences. New York: W. H. Freeman.
  • Mbow, M. L., Christie, M., Ruth, B. & Brossard, M. (1994). Absence of acquired resistance to nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks in BALB/c mice developing cutaneous reactions. Journal of Parasitology, 80, 81–87.
  • Patrick, C. D. & Hair, J. A. (1976). Laboratory rearing procedures and equipment for multi-host ticks (Acarina: Ixodidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 12, 389–390.
  • Ramachandra, R. N. & Wikel, S. K. (1992). Modulation of host-immune responses by ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): effects of salivary gland extracts on host macrophages and lymphocyte cytokine production. Journal of Medical Entomology, 29, 818–826.
  • Ramachandra, R. N. & Wikel, S. K. (1995). Effects of Dermacentor andersoni (Acari: Ixodidae) salivary gland extracts on Bos indicus and Bos taurus lymphocytes and macrophages: in vitro cytokine elaboration and lymphocyte blastogenesis. Journal of Medical Entomology, 32, 338–345.
  • Ribeiro, J. M. C. (1987). Ixodes dammini: salivary anti-complement activity. Experimental Parasitology, 64, 347–353.
  • Ribeiro, J. M. C. (1995). Blood-feeding arthropods: live syringes or invertebrate pharmacologists? Infectious Agents and Disease, 4, 143–152.
  • Ribeiro, J. M. C. & Spielman, A. (1986). Ixodes dammini: salivary anaphylotoxin inactivating activity. Experimental Parasitology, 62, 292–297.
  • Schoeler, G. B., Manweiler, S. A. & Wikel, S. K. (1999). Ixodes scapularis: effects of repeated infestations with pathogen-free nymphs on macrophage and T lymphocyte cytokine responses of BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice. Experimental Parasitology, 92, 239–248.
  • Schoeler, G. B., Manweiler, S. A. & Wikel, S. K. (2000). Cytokine responses of C3H/HeN mice infested with Ixodes scapularis or Ixodes pacificus nymphs. Parasite Immunology, 22, 31–40.
  • Schorderet, S. & Brossard, M. (1993). Changes in immunity to Ixodes ricinus by rabbits infested at different levels. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 7, 186–192.
  • Sharon, N. (1983). Lectin receptors as lymphocyte surface markers. Advances in Immunology, 34, 213–298.
  • Smith, P. K., Krohn, R. I., Hermanson, G. T., Mallia, A. K., Gartner, F. H., Provknzano, M. D., Fujimoto, E. K., Goeke, N. M., Olson, B. J. & Klenk, D. C. (1985). Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid. Analytical Biochemistry, 150, 76–85.
  • Steel, R. G. D., Torrie, J. H. & Dickey, D. A. (1997). Principles and Procedures of Statistics: a Biometrical Approach. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Urioste, S., Hall, L. R., Telford III, S. R. & Titus, R. G. (1994). Saliva of the Lyme disease vector, Ixodes dammini blocks cell activation by a non-prostaglandin E2-dependent mechanism. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 180, 1077–1085.
  • Wikel, S. K. (1982a). Immune responses to arthropods and their hosts. Annual Review of Entomology, 27, 21–48.
  • Wikel, S. K. (1982b). Influence of Dermacentor andersoni infestation on lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 76, 627–632.
  • Wikel, S. K. (1996a). Host immunity to ticks. Annual Review of Entomology, 41, 1–22.
  • Wikel, S. K. (1996b). Immunology of the tick-host interface. In The Immunology of Host-ecloparasitic Arthropod Relationships, ed. Wikel, S. K. pp. 204–231. Wallingford, U.K.: CAB International.
  • Wikel, S. K. (1999a). Modulation of the host immune system by ectoparasitic arthropods. Bioscience, 49, 311–320.
  • Wikel, S. K. (1999b). Tick modulation of host immunity: an important factor in pathogen transmission. International Journal for Parasitology, 29, 851–859.
  • Wlkel, S. K. & Bergman, D. K. (1997). Tick-host immunology: significant advances and challenging opportunities. Parasitology Today, 13, 383–389.
  • Wikel, S. K., Ramachandra, R. N. & Bergman, D. K. (1996). Arthropod modulation of host immune responses. In The Immunology of Host-ectoparasitic Arthropod Relationships, ed. Wikel, S. K. pp. 107–130. Wallingford, U.K.: CAB International.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.