Two-year follow-up of the microfilaraemia of asymptomatic brugian filariasis, after treatment with two, annual, single doses of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine and albendazole, in various combinations

REFERENCES

• Addiss, D. G., Beach, M. J., Streit, T. G., Lutwic, S., LeConte, F. H., Lafontant, J. G., Hightower, A. W. & Lammie, P. J. (1997). Randomised placebo-controlled comparison of ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in Haitian children. Lancet, ii, 480–484.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anon. (1993). Recommendations of the International Task Force for Disease Eradication. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 42, 1–38.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Beach, M. J., Streit, T. G., Addiss, D. G., Prospere, R., Roberts, J. M. & Lammie, P. J. (1999). Assessment of combined ivermectin and albendazole for the treatment of intestinal helminth and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Haitian school children. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 60, 479–486.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dreyer, G., Noroes, J., Addis, D., Santos. A., Medeiros, Z. & Figueredo-Silva, J. (1999). Bancroftian filariasis in a paediatric population: an ultrasonographic study. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 91, 633–636.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelband, H. (1994). Diethylcarbamazine salt in the control of lymphatic filariasis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 50, 655–662.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hightower, A. W., Lammie, P. J. & Eberhard, M. L. (1993). Maternal filarial infection—a persistent risk factor for infection in offspring? Parasitology Today, 9, 418–421.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ismail, M. M., Jayakody, R. L., Weil, G. J., Nirmalan, N., Jayasinghe, K. S. A., Abeyewickrema, W., Rezvi Sheriff, M. H., Rajaratnam, H. N., Amarasekara, N., de Silva, D. C. L., Michalski, M. L. & Dissanaike, A. L. (1998). Efficacy of single dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 92, 94–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jayakody, R. L., de Silva, C. S. S. & Weerasinghe, W. M. T. (1993). Treatment of bancroftian filariasis with albendazole: evaluation of efficacy and adverse reactions. Tropical Biomedicine, 10, 19–24.
   Google Scholar
• Lammie, P. J., Reiss, M. D., Dimock, K. A., Street, T. G., Roberts, J. M. & Eberhard, M. L. (1998). Longitudinal analysis of the development of filarial infection and antifilarial immunity in a cohort of Haitian children. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 59, 217–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Michael, E., Bundy, D. A. P. & Grenfell, B. T. (1996). Reassessing the global prevalence and distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology, 112, 409–428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nokes, C., Grantham-McGregor, S. M., Sawyer, A. W., Cooper, E. S., Robinson, B. A. & Bundy, D. A. P. (1992). Moderate to heavy infections of Trichuris trichura affect cognitive function in Jamaican school children. Parasitology, 104, 539–547.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottesen, E. A. (1998). Towards elimination of lymphatic filariasis. In Infectious Diseases and Public Health, eds Angelico, M & Rocchi, G. pp. 58–64. Tel Aviv: Balaban.
   Google Scholar
• Ottesen, E. A. & Ramachandran, C. P. (1995). Lymphatic filariasis infection and disease: control strategies. Parasitology Today, 11, 129–131.
   Google Scholar
• Ottesen, E. A., Duke, B. O. L., Karam, M. & Bebehani, K. (1997). Strategies and tools for the control/elimination of lymphatic filariasis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 75, 491–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ottesen, E. A., Ismail, M. M. & Horton, J. (1999). The role of albendazole in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Parasitology Today, 15, 382–386.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pani, S. P., Balakrishnan, N., Srividya, A., Bundy, D. A. P. & Grenfell, B. T. (1991). Clinical epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis: effect of age and gender. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 85, 260–264.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajasekaraiah, G. R., Parab, P. B., Chandrasekhar, R., Deshpande, L. & Subrahmanyam, D. (1991). Pattern of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in young and adolescent school children in Bassein, India, an endemic area for lymphatic filariasis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 85, 663–665.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shenoy, R. K., Kumaraswami, V., Rajan, K., Thankom, S. & Jalajakumari (1992). Ivermectin for the treatment of periodic Malayan filariasis: a study of efficacy and side effects following a single oral dose and retreatment at six months. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 86, 271–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenoy, R. K., Kumaraswami, V., Rajan, K., Thankom, S. & Jalajakumari (1993). A comparative study of the efficacy and tolerability of single and split doses of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine in periodic brugian filariasis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 87, 459–467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenoy, R. K., Varghese, J., Kuttikal, V. V. & Kumaraswami, V. (1998a). The efficacy, tolerability and safety of diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt in the treatment of the microfilaraemias of brugian filariasis. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 92, 285–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenoy, R. K., George, L. M., John, A., Suma, T. K. & Kumaraswami, V. (1998b). Treatment of microfilaraemia in asymptomatic brugian filariasis: the efficacy and safety of the combination of single doses of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 92, 579–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shenoy, R. K., John, A., Babu, B. S., Suma, T. K. & Kumaraswami, V. (1999). Treatment of microfilaraemia of asymptomatic brugian filariasis with single doses of ivermectin, diethylcarbamazine or albendazole, in various combinations. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93, 643–651.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stephenson, L. S., Latham, M. C., Adams, E. J., Kinoti, S. N. & Pertet, A. (1993). Physical fitness, growth and appetite of Kenyan school boys with hookworm, Trichuris trichura and Ascaris lumbricoides infections are improved four months after a single dose of albendazole. Journal of Nutrition, 123, 1036–1046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (1995). The World Health Report: Bridging the Gap. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (1996). Report of the Who Informal Consultation on Hookworm Infection and Anemia in Girls and Women. Document WHO/CTD/SIP 96.1. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar