1,945
Views
89
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

The Granger-causality between health care expenditure and output: a panel data approach

&
Pages 511-518 | Published online: 11 Apr 2011

References

  • Adams , P , Hurd , MD , McFadden , D. Merrill , A and Ribiero , T . 2003 . Healthy, wealthy and wise? Tests for direct causal paths between health and socioeconomic-status . Journal of Econometrics , 112 : 3 – 56 .
  • Alderman , H , Hoddinott , J and Kinsey , B . 2006 . Long term consequences of early childhood malnutrition . Oxford Economic Papers , 58 : 450 – 74 .
  • Barlow , R . 1979 . Health and economic development: a theoretical and empirical review . Human Capital and Development , 1 : 45 – 75 .
  • Barros , PP . 1998 . The black box of health care expenditure determinants . Health Economics , 7 : 533 – 44 .
  • Behrman , J and Deolalikar , A . 1988 . “ Health and Nutrition ” . In Handbook of Development Economics , Edited by: Chenery , H and Srinivasan , TN . Vol. 1 , 631 – 711 . Amsterdam : Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. .
  • Behrman , J . 1996 . The impact of health and nutrition on education . World Bank Research Observer , 11 : 23 – 37 .
  • Blomqvist , A and Carter , RAL . 1997 . Is health care really a luxury . Journal of Health Economics , 16 : 207 – 29 .
  • Chamberlain , G . 1982 . Multivariate regression models for panel data . Journal of Econometrics , 18 : 5 – 45 .
  • Choe , JI . 2003 . Do foreign direct investment and gross domestic investment promote economic growth? . Review of Development Economics , 7 : 44 – 57 .
  • Devlin , N and Hansen , P . 2001 . Health care spending and economic output: granger causality . Applied Economics Letters , 8 : 561 – 4 .
  • Florens , J-P and Mouchart , M . 1982 . Note on noncausality . Econometrica , 50 : 583 – 91 .
  • Galor , O and Mayer-Foulkes , D . 2003 . Food for Thought: Basic Needs and Persistent Educational Inequality Centro de Investigacion y Docencia Economicas Division de Economia Documento de Trabajo 215. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=416040
  • Gerdtham , U-G . 1992 . Pooling international health expenditure data . Health Economics , 1 : 217 – 31 .
  • Gerdtham , U-G and Jönsson , B . 2000 . “ International Comparisons of Health Expenditure: Theory, Data and Econometric Analysis ” . In Handbook of health economics , Edited by: Newhouse , JP and Culyer , AJ . 11 – 53 . Amsterdam : North Holland/Elsevier .
  • Glewwe , P and Jacoby , H . 1995 . An economic analysis of delayed primary school enrollment and childhood malnutrition in a low income country . Review of Economics and Statistics , 77 : 156 – 69 .
  • Glewwe , P , Jacoby , H and King , E . 2001 . Early childhood nutrition and academic achievement: a longitudinal analysis . Journal of Public Economics , 81 : 345 – 68 .
  • Glick , P and Sahn , E . 1998 . Health and productivity in a heterogeneous urban labour market . Applied Economics , 30 : 203 – 16 .
  • Granger , CWJ . 1969 . Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods . Econometrica , 37 : 424 – 38 .
  • Hansen , H and Rand , J . 2004 . On the causal links between FDI and growth in developing countries Institute of Economics, University of Copenhagen . miméo, Development Economics Research Group (DERG)
  • Hansen , P and King , A . 1996 . The determinants of health care expenditure: a cointegration approach . Journal of Health Economics , 15 : 127 – 37 .
  • Hausman , JA . 1978 . Specification tests in econometrics . Econometrica , 46 : 1251 – 71 .
  • Holtz-Eakin , D , Newey , W and Rosen , H . 1985 . Implementing causality tests with Panel data with an example from local public finance, NBER Technical Paper Series No. 48
  • Holtz-Eakin , D , Newey , W and Rosen , H . 1988 . Estimating vector autoregressions with panel data . Econometrica , 56 : 1371 – 95 .
  • Hoover , KD . 2003 . Some causal lessons from macroeconomics . Journal of Econometrics , 112 : 121 – 5 .
  • Hsiao , C . 1986 . Analysis of Panel Data , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
  • Hsiao , C . 1989 . Modeling Ontario regional electricity system demand using a mixed fixed and random coefficients approach . Regional Science and Urban Economics , 19 : 565 – 87 .
  • Hurlin , C . 2004a . Testing Granger causality in heterogeneous panel data models with fixed coefficients, miméo , University of Orléans .
  • Hurlin , C . 2004b . A note on causality tests in panel data models with random coefficients, miméo , University of Orléans .
  • Hurlin , C and Venet , B . 2001 . “ Granger causality tests in panel data models with fixed coefficients ” . In miméo University Paris IX .
  • Judson , RA and Owen , AL . 1999 . Estimating dynamic panel data models: a guide for macroeconomists . Economic Letters , 65 : 9 – 15 .
  • Kiviet , JF . 1995 . On bias, inconsistency and efficiency of various estimators in dynamic panel data models . Journal of Econometrics , 68 : 53 – 78 .
  • Kleiman , E . 1974 . “ The Determinants of National Outlay on Health ” . In The Economics of Health and Medical Care , Edited by: Perlman , M . 66 – 81 . New York : John Wiley & Sons .
  • Leu , R . 1986 . “ The Public-Private Mix and International Health Care Cost ” . In Public and Private Health Services: Complementaries and Conflicts , Edited by: Culyer , AJ and Jönsson , B . 41 – 66 . Oxford : Basil Blackwell .
  • Miguel , E . 2005 . “ Health, Education and Economic Development ” . In Health and Economic Growth: Findings and Policy Implications , Edited by: Lòpez-Casanovas , G , Rivera , B and Currais , L . 143 – 68 . Cambridge, , Massachusetts : MIT Press .
  • Mushkin , SJ . 1962 . Health as an investment . Journal of Political Economy , 70 : S129 – 57 .
  • Muysken , J , Yetkiner , IH and Ziesemer , T . 2003 . “ Health, Labor Productivity and Growth” . In Growth Theory and Growth Policy , Edited by: Hageman , H and Seiter , S . 187 – 205 . London : Routledge .
  • Nair-Reichert , U and Weinhold , D . 2001 . Causality tests for cross-country panels: a new look at FDI and economic growth in developing countries . Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics , 63 : 153 – 71 .
  • Newhouse , J . 1977 . Medical care expenditure: a cross-national survey . Journal of Human Resources , 12 : 115 – 25 .
  • Nickell , S . 1981 . Biases in dynamic models with fixed effects . Econometrica , 49 : 1399 – 416 .
  • Parkin , D , McGuire , A and Yule , B . 1987 . Aggregate health care expenditures and national income: is health care a luxury good? . Journal of Health Economics , 6 : 109 – 27 .
  • Posnett , J and Hitiris , T . 1992 . The determinants and effects of health expenditure in developed countries . Journal of Health Economics , 11 : 173 – 81 .
  • Pritchett , L and Summers , LH . 1996 . Wealthier is healthier . Journal of Human Resources , 31 : 841 – 68 .
  • Rivera , B and Currais , L . 1999 . Economic growth and health: direct impact or reverse causation . Applied Economics Letters , 6 : 761 – 4 .
  • Rivera , B and Currais , L . 2005 . “ Individual Returns to Health in Brazil ” . In Health and Economic Growth: Findings and Policy Implications , Edited by: Lòpez-Casanovas , G , Rivera , B and Currais , L . 287 – 311 . Cambridge, , Massachusetts : MIT Press .
  • Roberts , J . 1999 . Sensitivity of elasticity estimates for OECD health care spending: analysis of a dynamic heterogeneous data field . Health Economics , 8 : 459 – 72 .
  • Schultz , TP and Tansel , A . 1997 . Wage and labor supply effects of illness in Cote d’Ivoire and Ghana: instrumental variable estimates for days disabled . Journal of Development Economics , 53 : 251 – 86 .
  • Srinivasan , TN . 1992 . “ Undernutrition: Concepts, Measurement and Policy Implications ” . In Nutrition and Poverty , Edited by: Osmani , S . 103 – 9 . Oxford : Clarendon Press .
  • Strauss , J . 1993 . “ The Impact of Improved Nutrition on Labor Productivity and Human-Resource Development: An Economic Perspective ” . In The political economy of food and nutrition policies , Edited by: Pinstrup-Andersen . 149 – 70 . Baltimore and London : Johns Hopkins University Press for the International Food Policy Research Institute .
  • Weinhold , D . 1996 . Investment, growth and causality testing in panels . Economie et Prevision , 126 : 163 – 75 .
  • Weinhold , D . 1999 . A dynamic ‘fixed effects’ model for heterogeneous panel data Unpublished Manuscript, London School of Economics

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.