Interfuel substitution effects of biofuel use on carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from the transportation sector

References

• Anderson, S. T. 2012. “The Demand for Ethanol as a Gasoline Substitute.” Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 63 (2): 151–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Babcock, B. A. 2008. “Distributional Implications of U.S. Ethanol Policy.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 30 (3): 533–542.
   Google Scholar
• Considine, T. J. 1989. “Separability, Functional Form and Regulatory Policy in Models of Interfuel Substitution.” Energy Economics 11 (2): 89–94.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Considine, T. J. 1990. “Symmetry Constraints and Variable Returns to Scale in Logit Models.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 8 (3): 347–353.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Considine, T. J., and T. D. Mount. 1984. “The Use of Linear Logit Models for Dynamic Input Demand Systems.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 66 (3): 434–443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Oliveira, M. E. D., B. E. Vaughan, and E. J. Rykiel. 2005. “Ethanol as Fuel: Energy, Carbon Dioxide Balances, and Ecological Footprint.” BioScience 55 (7): 593–602.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debnath, D., J. Whistance, W. Thompson, and J. Binfield. 2017. “Complement or Substitute: Ethanol’s Uncertain Relationship with Gasoline under Alternative Petroleum Price and Policy Scenarios.” Applied Energy 191: 385–397.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elobeid, A., and C. Hart. 2007. “Ethanol Expansion in the Food versus Fuel Debate: How Will Developing Countries Fare?” Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization 5 (2). Article 6.
   Google Scholar
• Farrell, A. E., R. J. Plevin, B. T. Turner, A. D. Jones, M. O’hare, and D. M. Kammen. 2006. “Ethanol Can Contribute to Energy and Environmental Goals.” Science 311 (5760): 506–508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frondel, M. 2004. “Empirical Assessment of Energy-Price Policies: The Case for Cross- Price Elasticities.” Energy Policy 32 (8): 989–1000.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frondel, M. 2011. “Modelling Energy and Non-Energy Substitution: A Brief Survey of Elasticities.” Energy Policy 39 (8): 4601–4604.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuss, M. A. 1977. “The Demand for Energy in Canadian Manufacturing: An Example of the Estimation of Production Function with Many Inputs.” Journal of Econometrics 5 (1): 89–116.
   Google Scholar
• Gardner, B. L. 2007. “Fuel Ethanol Subsidies and Farm Price Support.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Industrial Organization 5 (2). Article 4.
   Google Scholar
• Hill, J., E. Nelson, D. Tilman, S. Polasky, and D. Tiffany. 2006. “Environmental, Economic, and Energetic Costs and Benefits of Biodiesel and Ethanol Biofuels.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 103: 11206–11210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huo, H., M. Wang, C. Bloyd, and V. Putsche. 2008. “Life-Cycle Assessment of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Soybean-Derived Biodiesel and Renewable Fuels.” Environmental Science and Technology 43 (3): 750–756.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, C. T. 1995. “A Dynamic Analysis of Interfuel Substitution in U.S. Industrial Energy Demand.” Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 13 (4): 165–459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanna, M., A. W. Ando, and F. Taheripour. 2008. “Welfare Effects and Unintended Consequences of Ethanol Subsidies.” Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy 30 (3): 411–421.
   Google Scholar
• Lankoski, J., and M. Ollikainen. 2011. “Biofuel Policies and the Environment: Do Cli- Mate Benefits Warrant Increased Production from Biofuel Feedstocks?” Ecological Economics 70 (4): 676–687.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson, E. D. 2006. “A Review of Life-Cycle Analysis Studies on Liquid Biofuel Systems for the Transport Sector.” Energy for Sustainable Development 10 (2): 109–126.
   Google Scholar
• Lee, A., O. Zinaman, and J. Logan. 2012. Opportunities for Synergy between Natural Gas and Renewable Energy in the Electric Power and Transportation Sectors. Golden, Colorado: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, T., B. McConkey, T. Huffman, S. Smith, B. MacGregor, D. Yemshanov, and S. Kulshreshtha. 2014. “Potential and Impacts of Renewable Energy Production from Agricultural Biomass in Canada.” Applied Energy 130: 222–229.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luchansky, M. S., and J. Monks. 2009. “Supply and Demand Elasticities in the U.S. Ethanol Fuel Market.” Energy Economics 31 (3): 403–410.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelson, H. T., D. von Hippel, T. Peterson, and R. Garagulagian. 2016. “The Great Recession or Progressive Energy Policies? Explaining the Decline in U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Forecasts.” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 59 (3): 480–500.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patzek, T. W. 2004. “Thermodynamics of the Corn-Ethanol Biofuel Cycle.” Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 23 (6): 519–567.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pimentel, D. 2003. “Ethanol Fuels: Energy Balance, Economics, and Environmental Impacts are Negative.” Natural Resources Research 12 (2): 127–134.
   Google Scholar
• Pimentel, D., and T. W. Patzek. 2005. “Ethanol Production Using Corn, Switchgrass, and Wood; Biodiesel Production Using Soybean and Sunflower.” Natural Resources Research 14 (1): 65–76.
   Google Scholar
• Schnepf, R., and B. D. Yacobucci. 2013. Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS): Overview and Issues. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
   Google Scholar
• Searchinger, T., R. Heimlich, R. Houghton, R. Dong, A. Elobeid, J. Fabiosa, S. Tokgoz, D. Hayes, and T. Yu. 2008. “Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases through Emissions from Land-Use Change.” Science 319 (5867): 1238–1240.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinbuks, J. 2012. “Interfuel Substitution and Energy Use in the U.K. Manufacturing Sector.” The Energy Journal 33 (1): 1–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suh, D. H. 2016. “Interfuel Substitution and Biomass Use in the U.S. Industrial Sector: A Differential Approach.” Energy 102: 24–30.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Terrell, D. 1996. “Incorporating Monotonicity and Concavity Conditions in Flexible Functional Forms.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 11 (2): 179–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, W., J. Whistance, and S. Meyer. 2011. “Effects of U.S. Biofuel Policies on U.S. And World Petroleum Product Markets with Consequences for Greenhouse Gas Emissions.” Energy Policy 39 (9): 5509–5518.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urga, G., and C. Walters. 2003. “Dynamic Translog and Linear Logit Models: A Factor Demand Analysis of Interfuel Substitution in U.S. Industrial Energy Demand.” Energy Economics 25 (1): 1–21.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Von Blottnitz, H., and M. A. Curran. 2007. “A Review of Assessments Conducted on Bio-Ethanol as A Transportation Fuel from A Net Energy, Greenhouse Gas, and Environmental Life Cycle Perspective.” Journal of Cleaner Production 15 (7): 607–619.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolff, H., T. Heckelei, and R. C. Mittelhammer. 2010. “Imposing Curvature and Mono- Tonicity on Flexible Functional Forms: An Efficient Regional Approach.” Computational Economics 36 (4): 309–339.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar