The transient and persistent efficiency of Italian and German universities: a stochastic frontier analysis

References

• Abbott, M., and C. Doucouliagos. 2009. “Competition and Efficiency: Overseas Students and Technical Efficiency in Australian and New Zealand Universities.” Education Economics 17 (1): 31–57.
   Google Scholar
• Agasisti, T. 2011. “Performances and Spending Efficiency in Higher Education: A European Comparison through Non-Parametric Approaches.” Education Economics 19 (2): 199–224.
   Google Scholar
• Agasisti, T. 2016. “Cost Structure, Productivity and Efficiency of the Italian Public Higher Education Industry 2001–2011.” International Review of Applied Economics 30 (1): 48–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agasisti, T., and P.-E. Carmen. 2010. “Comparing Efficiency in a Cross-Country Perspective: The Case of Italian and Spanish State Universities.” Higher Education 59 (1): 85–103.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agasisti, T., and C. Haelermans. 2016. “Comparing Efficiency of Public Universities among European Countries: Different Incentives Lead to Different Performances.” Higher Education Quarterly 70 (1): 81–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agasisti, T., and G. Johnes. 2009. “Beyond Frontiers: Comparing the Efficiency of Higher Education Decision-Making Units across More than One Country.” Education Economics 17 (1): 59–79.
   Google Scholar
• Agasisti, T., and G. Johnes. 2010. “Heterogeneity and the Evaluation of Efficiency: The Case of Italian Universities.” Applied Economics 42 (11): 1365–1375.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agasisti, T., and C. Pohl. 2012. “Comparing German and Italian Public Universities: Convergence or Divergence in the Higher Education Landscape?” Managerial and Decision Economics 33 (2): 71–85.
   Google Scholar
• Ahmad, M., and B. E. Bravo-Ureta. 1996. “Technical Efficiency Measures for Dairy Farms Using Panel Data: A Comparison of Alternative Model Specifications.” Journal of Productivity Analysis 7 (4): 399–415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aigner, D., K. Lovell, and P. Schmidt. 1977. “Formulation and Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function Models.” Journal of Econometrics 6 (1): 21–37.
   Google Scholar
• Badunenko, O., and S. C. Kumbhakar. 2016. “When, Where and How to Estimate Persistent and Transient Efficiency in Stochastic Frontier Panel Data Models.” European Journal of Operational Research 225 (1): 272–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badunenko, O., and S. C. Kumbhakar. 2017. “Economies of Scale, Technical Change and Persistent and Time-Varying Cost Efficiency in Indian Banking: Do Ownership, Regulation and Heterogeneity Matter?” European Journal of Operational Research 260 (2): 789–803.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barra, C., R. Lagravinese, and R. Zotti. 2015. “Explaining (In) Efficiency in Higher Education: A Comparison of Parametric and Non-Parametric Analyses to Rank Universities.” MPRA Working Paper. 67119.
   Google Scholar
• Bolli, T., M. Olivares, A. Bonaccorsi, C. Daraio, A. G. Aracil, and B. Lepori. 2016. “The Differential Effects of Competitive Funding on the Production Frontier and the Efficiency of Universities.” Economics of Education Review 52: 91–104.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen, L. R., and W. H. Greene. 1976. “Economies of Scale in US Electric Power Generation.” The Journal of Political Economy 84 (4): 655–676.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombi, R., S. C. Kumbhakar, G. Martini, and G. Vittadini. 2014. “Closed-Skew Normality in Stochastic Frontiers with Individual Effects and Long/Short-Run Efficiency.” Journal of Productivity Analysis 42 (2): 123–136.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daghbashyan, Z., E. Deiaco, and M. McKelvey. 2014. How and Why Does Cost Efficiency of Universities Differ across European Countries? an Explorative Attempt Using New Microdata. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• De Witte, K., and L. López-Torres. 2017. “Efficiency in Education: A Review of Literature and A Way Forward.” Journal of the Operational Research Society 68 (4): 339–363.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eagan, K., and M. A. Titus. 2016. “Examining Production Efficiency in Higher Education: The Utility of Stochastic Frontier Analysis.” In Higher Education: Handbook of Theory and Research, 441–512. Cham, CH: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Enders, J. 2004. “Higher Education, Internationalisation, and the Nation-State: Recent Developments and Challenges to Governance Theory.” Higher Education 47 (3): 361–382.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Erhardt, D., and A. von Kotzebue. 2016. “Competition Unleashed: Horizontal Differentiation in German Higher Education.” Tertiary Education and Management 22 (4): 333–358.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2015. “The European Higher Education Area in 2015: Implementation Report.” Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 1–304.
   Google Scholar
• Filippini, M., and W. H. Greene. 2016. “Persistent and Transient Productive Inefficiency: A Maximum Simulated Likelihood Approach.” Journal of Productivity Analysis 45 (2): 187–196.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gralka, S. 2018a. “Stochastic Frontier Analysis in Higher Education: A Systematic Review.” CEPIE Working Paper. 5/18: 1–58.
   Google Scholar
• Gralka, S. 2018b. “Persistent Inefficiency in the Higher Education Sector: Evidence from Germany.” Education Economics 26 (4): 373–392.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gralka, S., K. Wohlrabe, and L. Bornmann. 2019. “How to Measure Research Efficiency in Higher Education? Research Grants Vs. Publication Output.” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 41 (03): 322-341.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greene, W. H. 2005. “Fixed and Random Effects in Stochastic Frontier Models.” Journal of Productivity Analysis 23 (1): 7–32.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hazelkorn, E. 2015. Rankings and the Reshaping of Higher Education: The Battle for World-Class Excellence. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
   Google Scholar
• Heshmati, A., S. Kumbhakar, and J. Kim. 2018. “Persistent and Transient Efficiency of International Airlines.” European Journal of Transport and Infrastructure Research 18: 2.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoxby, C. M. 2018. “The Productivity of Us Postsecondary Institutions.” In Productivity in Higher Education. University of Chicago Press, CA, MA: The National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) 1-60.
   Google Scholar
• Johnes, G. 1997. “Costs and Industrial Structure in Contemporary British Higher Education.” The Economic Journal 107 (442): 727–737.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnes, G., and A. Schwarzenberger. 2011. “Differences in Cost Structure and the Evaluation of Efficiency: The Case of German Universities.” Education Economics 19 (5): 487–499.
   Google Scholar
• Joumady, O., and C. Ris. 2005. “Performance in European Higher Education: A Non-Parametric Production Frontier Approach.” Education Economics 13 (2): 189–205.
   Google Scholar
• Kempkes, G., and C. Pohl. 2010. “The Efficiency of German Universities–Some Evidence from Nonparametric and Parametric Methods.” Applied Economics 42 (16): 2063–2079.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koshal, R. K., and M. Koshal. 1999. “Economies of Scale and Scope in Higher Education: A Case of Comprehensive Universities.” Economics of Education Review 18 (2): 269–277.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumbhakar, S. C., and A. Heshmati. 1995. “Efficiency Measurement in Swedish Dairy Farms: An Application of Rotating Panel Data, 1976–88.” American Journal of Agricultural Economics 77 (3): 660–674.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumbhakar, S. C., G. Lien, and B. Hardaker. 2014. “Technical Efficiency in Competing Panel Data Models: A Study of Norwegian Grain Farming.” Journal of Productivity Analysis 41 (2): 321–337.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lehmann, E. E., M. Meoli, S. Paleari, and S. Stockinger. 2017. “Approaching Effects of the Economic Crisis on University Efficiency: A Comparative Study of Germany and Italy.” Eurasian Business Review 8 (1): 37–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OECD. 2018. Purchasing Power Parities for GDP and Related Indicators. Paris: OECD.Stat 2018.
   Google Scholar
• Rhaiem, M. 2017. “Measurement and Determinants of Academic Research Efficiency: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.” Scientometrics 110 (2): 581–615.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scott, P. 1995. “Unified and Binary Systems of Higher Education in Europe.” Higher Education Policy Series, London Kingsley Publishers Limited 32: 37–54.
   Google Scholar
• Sexton, T. R., C. L. Comunale, and S. C. Gara. 2012. “Efficiency-Based Funding for Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities.” Education Finance and Policy 7 (3): 331–359.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titus, M. A., A. Vamosiu, and K. R. McClure. 2016. “Are Public Master’s Institutions Cost Efficient? A Stochastic Frontier and Spatial Analysis.” Research in Higher Education 58 (5): 469–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolszczak-Derlacz, J., and A. Parteka. 2011. “Efficiency of European Public Higher Education Institutions: A Two-Stage Multicountry Approach.” Scientometrics 89 (3): 887–917.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Worthington, A. C. 2001. “An Empirical Survey of Frontier Efficiency Measurement Techniques in Education.” Education Economics 9 (3): 245–268.
   Google Scholar