1,519
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Can government expenditure help reconstruct the Syrian economy in the post-conflict period? evidence from the SVAR and nonlinear ARDL models

, ORCID Icon, &

References

  • Araji, S. (2017). Fiscal Policy Considerations for Post War Reconstruction in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Libya. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia.
  • Arratibel, O., D. Furceri, R. Martin, and A. Zdzienicka. 2011. “The Effect of Nominal Exchange Rate Volatility on Real Macroeconomic Performance in the CEE Countries.” Economic Systems 35 (2): 261–277. doi:10.1016/j.ecosys.2010.05.003.
  • Arslanian, F. 2009. Growth in Transition and Syria’s Economic Performance, edited by R. Hinnebusch, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland: University of St Andrews Centre for Syrian Studies.
  • Bahmani-Oskooee, M., and M. Kandil. 2010. “Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Output in Oil-Producing Countries: The Case of Iran.” Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 46 (3): 23–45. doi:10.2753/REE1540-496X460302.
  • Belloumi, M. 2010. “The Relationship Between Tourism Receipts, Real Effective Exchange Rate and Economic Growth in Tunisia.” International Journal of Tourism Research 12 (5): 550–560. doi:10.1002/jtr.774.
  • Bilgel, F., and B. C. Karahasan. 2019. “Thirty Years of Conflict and Economic Growth in Turkey: A Synthetic Control Approach.” Defence and Peace Economics 30 (5): 609–631. doi:10.1080/10242694.2017.1389582.
  • Blanchard, O. J., and D. Quah. 1993. “The Dynamic Effects of Aggregate Demand and Supply Disturbances: Reply.” The American Economic Review 83 (3): 653–658.
  • Bohl, M. T., P. Michaelis, and P. L. Siklos. 2016. “Austerity and Recovery: Exchange Rate Regime Choice, Economic Growth, and Financial Crises.” Economic modelling 53: 195–207. doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2015.11.017.
  • Brück, T., and J. D. G. Olaf. 2013. “The Economic Impact of Violent Conflict.” Defence and Peace Economics 24 (6): 6, 497–501. doi:10.1080/10242694.2012.723153.
  • Chaitip, P., K. Chokethaworn, C. Chaiboonsri, and M. Khounkhalax. 2015. “Money Supply Influencing on Economic Growth-Wide Phenomena of AEC Open Region.” Procedia Economics and Finance 24: 108–115. doi:10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00626-7.
  • Collier, P. 1999. “On the Economic Consequences of Civil War.” Oxford economic papers 51 (1): 168–183. doi:10.1093/oep/51.1.168.
  • De Groot, O. J. 2010. “The Spillover Effects of Conflict on Economic Growth in Neighbouring Countries in Africa.” Defence and Peace Economics 21 (2): 149–164. doi:10.1080/10242690903570575.
  • Diwan, I., and T. Akin. “Fifty Years of Fiscal Policy in the Arab Region.” In Economic Research Forum Working Paper, no. 914. 2015.
  • Dubas, J. M., B.J. Lee, and N. C. Mark. 2005. Effective Exchange Rate Classifications and Growth (No. w11272). Cambridge: National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Ganegodage, K. R., and A. N. Rambaldi. 2014. “Economic Consequences of War: Evidence from Sri Lanka.” Journal of Asian Economics 30: 42–53. doi:10.1016/j.asieco.2013.12.001.
  • Haddad, B. 2004. “The Formation and Development of Economic Networks in Syria: Implications for Economic and Fiscal Reforms, 1986–2000.” In Networks of Privilege in the Middle East: The Politics of Economic Reform Revisited, edited by Springer, 37–76. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ha, D. T. T., and N. T. Hoang. 2020. “Exchange Rate Regime and Economic Growth in Asia: Convergence or Divergence.” Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13 (1): 9. doi:10.3390/jrfm13010009.
  • Hlongwane, T. M., I. P. Mongale, and T. A. L. A. Lavisa. 2018. “Analysis of the Impact of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in South Africa: VECM Approach.” Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10 (2 (J)): 231–238. doi:10.22610/jebs.v10i2(J).2232.
  • Husain, A. M., A. Mody, and K. S. Rogoff. 2005. “Exchange Rate Regime Durability and Performance in Developing versus Advanced Economies.” Journal of Monetary Economics 52 (1): 35–64. doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2004.07.001.
  • Hussain, I., M. Rafiq, and Z. Khan. 2020. “An Analysis of the Asymmetric Effect of Fiscal Policy on Economic Growth in Pakistan: Insights from Non-Linear ARDL.” IBA Business Review 15 (1): 19–49.
  • Kandil, M. 2001. “Asymmetry in the Effects of US Government Spending Shocks: Evidence and Implications.” The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance 41 (2): 137–165. doi:10.1016/S1062-9769(00)00066-1.
  • Kandil, M., and A. Mirzaie. 2002. “Exchange Rate Fluctuations and Disaggregated Economic Activity in the US: Theory and Evidence.” Journal of International Money and Finance 21 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1016/S0261-5606(01)00016-X.
  • Kimbrough, E. O., K. Laughren, and R. Sheremeta. 2017. “War and Conflict in Economics: Theories, Applications, and Recent Trends.” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 178: 998–1013.
  • Koubi, V. 2005. “War and Economic Performance.” Journal of Peace Research 42 (1): 67–82. doi:10.1177/0022343305049667.
  • Krugman, P. (2015, April 29). The Austerity Delusion. The Guardian. Retrieved October 28, 2015, from http://www.theguardian.com/business/nginteractive/2015/apr/29/theausterity-delusion
  • Mishkin, F. S. 2012. The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Markets. 10th ed. Edinburg Gate: Pearson.
  • Moroney, J. R. 2002. “Money Growth, Output Growth, and Inflation: Estimation of a Modern Quantity Theory.” Southern Economic Journal 69 (2): 398–413. doi:10.1002/j.2325-8012.2002.tb00499.x.
  • Mrabet, Z., and M. Alsamara. 2018. “The Impact of Parallel Market Exchange Rate Volatility and Oil Exports on Real GDP in Syria: Evidence from the ARDL Approach.” The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development 27 (3): 333–349. doi:10.1080/09638199.2017.1389974.
  • Muhammad, S. D., S. K. A. Wasti, A. Hussain, and I. Lal. 2009. “An Empirical Investigation Between Money Supply Government Expenditure, Output & Prices: The Pakistan Evidence.” European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences 17: 60.
  • Ocran, M. K. 2011. “Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in South Africa.” Journal of Economic Studies 38 (5): 604–618.
  • Palley, T. I. (2012). Keynesian, Classical and New Keynesian Approaches to Fiscal Policy: Comparison and Critique (IMK Working Paper No. 96). Düsseldorf: Macroeconomic Policy Institute.
  • Petreski, M. (2009). Exchange-Rate Regime and Economic Growth: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature. Economics Discussion Paper, (2009-31).
  • Rizkalla, N., and S. P. Segal. 2018. “Well‐being and Posttraumatic Growth Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan.” Journal of Traumatic Stress 31 (2): 213–222. doi:10.1002/jts.22281.
  • Rodrik, D. 2008. “The Real Exchange Rate and Economic Growth.” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2008 (2): 365–412. doi:10.1353/eca.0.0020.
  • Romer, C. D. 2012. Fiscal Policy in the Crisis: Lessons and Policy Implications. Berkley: University of California.
  • Sidrauski, M. 1967. “Rational Choice and Patterns of Growth in a Monetary Economy.” The American Economic Review 57 (2): 534–544.
  • Sims, C. A. 1980. “Macroeconomics and Reality.” Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society 48 (1): 1–48. doi:10.2307/1912017.
  • Tabi, H. N., and H. A. Ondoa. 2011. “Inflation, Money and Economic Growth in Cameroon.” International Journal of Financial Research 2 (1): 45–56. doi:10.5430/ijfr.v2n1p45.
  • Tendengu, S., F. M. Kapingura, and A. Tsegaye. 2022. “Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth in South Africa.” Economies 10 (9): 204. doi:10.3390/economies10090204.
  • Tilahun Mengistu, S. 2022. “Does Fiscal Policy Stimulate Economic Growth in Ethiopia? ARDL Approach.” Cogent Economics & Finance 10 (1): 2104779. doi:10.1080/23322039.2022.2104779.
  • Tony, A., A. R. Chowdhury, and S. Mansoob Murshed. By How Much Does Conflict Reduce Financial Development?. No. 2002/48. WIDER Discussion Paper, 2002.
  • Twinoburyo, E. N., and N. M. Odhiambo. 2018. “Monetary Policy and Economic Growth: A Review of International Literature.” Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 7 (2): 123–137. doi:10.2478/jcbtp-2018-0015.
  • Woodford, M. (2007). Globalization and Monetary Control, NBER Working Paper, No. 13329.
  • Yusuf, A., and S. Mohd. 2021. “Asymmetric Impact of Fiscal Policy Variables on Economic Growth in Nigeria.” Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment 1–22. doi:10.1080/20430795.2021.1927388.
  • Zagler, M., and G. Dürnecker. 2003. “Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth.” Journal of Economic Surveys 17 (3): 397–418. doi:10.1111/1467-6419.00199.