Large-eddy simulations of air ventilation in parametric scenarios: comparative studies of urban form and wind direction

References

• Ai, Z. T., and C. M. Mak. 2017. “CFD Simulation of Flow in a Long Street Canyon Under a Perpendicular Wind Direction: Evaluation of Three Computational Settings.” Building and Environment 114: 293–306. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.12.032.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnfield, A. J. 2003. “Two Decades Urban Research: A Review of Turbulence, Exchanges of Energy and Water, and the Urban Heat Island.” International Journal of Climatology 23: 1–26. doi: 10.1002/joc.859.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blocken, B., T. Stathopoulos, and J. P. A. J. van Beeck. 2016. “Pedestrian-Level Wind Conditions Around Buildings: Review of Wind-Tunnel and CFD Techniques and Their Accuracy for Wind Comfort Assessment.” Building and Environment 100: 50–81. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.02.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buccolieri, Riccardo, Pietro Salizzoni, Lionel Soulhac, Valeria Garbero, and Silvana Di Sabatino. 2015. “The Breathability of Compact Cities.” Urban Climate 13: 73–93. doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.002.
   Google Scholar
• Chen, Lan, Jian Hang, Mats Sandberg, Leif Claesson, Silvana Di Sabatino, and Hans Wigo. 2017. “The Impacts of Building Height Variations and Building Packing Densities on Flow Adjustment and City Breathability in Idealized Urban Models.” Building and Environment 118: 344–61. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.03.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deardorff, J. W. 1980. “Stratocumulus-Capped Mixed Layers Derived from a Three-Dimensional Model.” Boundary-Layer Meteorology 18: 495–527. doi: 10.1007/BF00119502.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gronemeier, Tobias, Siegfried Raasch, and Edward Ng. 2017. “Effects of Unstable Stratification on Ventilation in Hong Kong.” Atmosphere 8 (9): 168. doi: 10.3390/atmos8090168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hang, Jian, Zhiwen Luo, Mats Sandberg, and Jian Gong. 2013. “Natural Ventilation Assessment in Typical Open and Semi-Open Urban Environments Under Various Wind Directions.” Building and Environment 70: 318–33. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.09.002.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, Yat-Kiu, Chun-Ho Liu, and Man Sing Wong. 2015. “Preliminary Study of the Parameterisation of Street-Level Ventilation in Idealised Two-Dimensional Simulations.” Building and Environment 89: 345–55. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.042.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanda, Manabu, Atsushi Inagaki, Takashi Miyamoto, Micha Gryschka, and Siegfried Raasch. 2013. “A New Aerodynamic Parameterization for Real Urban Surfaces.” Boundary-Layer Meteorology 148 (2): 357–77. doi: 10.1007/s10546-013-9818-x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keck, M., S. Raasch, M. O. Letzel, and Edward Ng. 2014. “First Results of High Resolution Large-Eddy Simulations of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer.” Journal of Heat Island Institute International 9 (2): 39–43.
   Google Scholar
• Letzel, Marcus Oliver, Carolin Helmke, Edward Ng, Xipo An, Alan Lai, and Siegfried Raasch. 2012. “LES Case Study on Pedestrian Level Ventilation in Two Neighbourhoods in Hong Kong.” Meteorologische Zeitschrift 21 (6): 575–89. doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/2012/0356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Letzel, Marcus Oliver, Martina Krane, and Siegfried Raasch. 2008. “High Resolution Urban Large-Eddy Simulation Studies from Street Canyon to Neighbourhood Scale.” Atmospheric Environment 42 (38): 8770–84. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.08.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, Man, Jian Hang, Yuguo Li, Zhiwen Luo, and Mats Sandberg. 2014. “Quantitative Ventilation Assessments of Idealized Urban Canopy Layers with Various Urban Layouts and the Same Building Packing Density.” Building and Environment 79: 152–67. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.05.008.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maronga, B., M. Gryschka, R. Heinze, F. Hoffmann, F. Kanani-Sühring, M. Keck, K. Ketelsen, M. O. Letzel, M. Sühring, and S. Raasch. 2015. “The Parallelized Large-Eddy Simulation Model (PALM) Version 4.0 for Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows: Model Formulation, Recent Developments, and Future Perspectives.” Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 8 (2): 1539–637. doi: 10.5194/gmdd-8-1539-2015.
   Google Scholar
• Ng, Edward. 2009. “Policies and Technical Guidelines for Urban Planning of High-Density Cities – Air Ventilation Assessment (AVA) of Hong Kong.” Building and Environment 44 (7): 1478–88. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.06.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, Edward, and Vicky Cheng. 2012. “Urban Human Thermal Comfort in Hot and Humid Hong Kong.” Energy and Buildings 55: 51–65. doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.09.025.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng, Edward, Chao Yuan, Liang Chen, Chao Ren, and Jimmy C. H. Fung. 2011. “Improving the Wind Environment in High-Density Cities by Understanding Urban Morphology and Surface Roughness: A Study in Hong Kong.” Landscape and Urban Planning 101 (1): 59–74. doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.01.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Park, Seung-Bu, and Jong-Jin Baik. 2014. “Large-eddy Simulations of Convective Boundary Layers Over Flat and Urbanlike Surfaces.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 71 (5): 1880–92. doi: 10.1175/jas-d-13-0191.1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramponi, Rubina, Bert Blocken, Laura B. de Coo, and Wendy D. Janssen. 2015. “CFD Simulation of Outdoor Ventilation of Generic Urban Configurations with Different Urban Densities and Equal and Unequal Street Widths.” Building and Environment 92: 152–66. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.04.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saiki, E. M., C. H. Moeng, and P. P. Sullivan. 2000. “Large-eddy Simulation of the Stably Stratified Planetary Boundary Layer.” Boundary-Layer Meteorology 95: 1–30. doi: 10.1023/A:1002428223156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schumann, U. 1975. “Subgrid Scale Model for Finite Difference Simulations of Turbulent Flows in Plane Channels and Annuli.” Journal of Computational Physics 18: 376–404. doi: 10.1016/0021-9991(75)90093-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skote, M., M. Sandberg, U. Westerberg, L. Claesson, and A. Johansson. 2005. “Numerical and Experimental Studies of Wind Environment in an Urban Morphology.” Atmospheric Environment 39 (33): 6147–58. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.06.052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura, Tetsuro. 2008. “Towards Practical use of LES in Wind Engineering.” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 96 (10-11): 1451–71. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.034.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tominaga, Y., A. Mochida, R. Yoshie, H. Kataoka, T. Nozu, M. Yoshikawa, and T. Shirasawa. 2008. “AIJ Guidelines for Practical Applications of CFD to Pedestrian Wind Environment Around Buildings.” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 96: 1749–61. doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.058.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Weiwen, and Edward Ng. 2018. “Air Ventilation Assessment Under Unstable Atmospheric Stratification — A Comparative Study for Hong Kong.” Building and Environment 130: 1–13. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.12.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Weiwen, Edward Ng, Chao Yuan, and Siegfried Raasch. 2017. “Large-Eddy Simulations of Ventilation for Thermal Comfort — A Parametric Study of Generic Urban Configurations with Perpendicular Approaching Winds.” Urban Climate 20: 202–27. doi: 10.1016/j.uclim.2017.04.007.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Weiwen, Yong Xu, and Edward Ng. 2018. “Large-Eddy Simulations of Pedestrian-Level Ventilation for Assessing a Satellite-Based Approach to Urban Geometry Generation.” Graphical Models 95: 29–41. doi: 10.1016/j.gmod.2017.06.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, Weiwen, Wen Zhou, Edward Yan, Yung Ng, and Yong Xu. 2016. “Urban Heat Islands in Hong Kong: Statistical Modeling and Trend Detection.” Natural Hazards 83 (2): 885–907. doi: 10.1007/s11069-016-2353-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang, Fang, Yongwei Gao, Ke Zhong, and Yanming Kang. 2016. “Impacts of Cross-Ventilation on the Air Quality in Street Canyons with Different Building Arrangements.” Building and Environment 104: 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.04.013.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, Chao, and Edward Ng. 2012. “Building Porosity for Better Urban Ventilation in High-Density Cities – A Computational Parametric Study.” Building and Environment 50: 176–89. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.10.023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zahid Iqbal, Qureshi M., and A. L. S. Chan. 2016. “Pedestrian Level Wind Environment Assessment Around Group of High-Rise Cross-Shaped Buildings: Effect of Building Shape, Separation and Orientation.” Building and Environment 101: 45–63. doi: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.02.015.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar