10
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Smoking Status and the Electrocardiogram: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study

, , &
Pages 365-369 | Published online: 08 May 2013

References

  • Ostrander L. D. Left axis deviation: Prevalence, associated conditions and prognosis Ann Intern Med 1971 75 23 25
  • Simonson E. The effect of age on the electrocardiogram . Am J Cardiol 1972 29 64 73
  • Blackburn H. Vasquez C. L. Keys A. The aging electrocardiogram. A common aging process or latent coronary artery disease? Am J Cardiol 20 1967 618 27
  • Goldbarg A. N. Kurczynski T. W. Hellerstein H. K. Steinberg A. G. Electrocardiographic findings among the total adult population of a large religious isolate Circulation 1970 41 255 69
  • Raunio H. Rissanen V. Lampainen E. Significance of a prominent S wave in leads 1 and V 6 in the electrocardiograms of middle-aged and elderly hospital patients Ann Clin Res 1976 8 347 58
  • Pipberger H. V. Goldman M. J. Littmann D. Murphy G. P. Cosma J. Snyder J. R. Correlations of the orthogonal electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram with constitutional variables in 518 normal men Circulation 1967 32 65 72
  • Bachman S. Sparrow D. Smith L. K. Effect of aging on the electrocardiogram Am j Cardiol 1981 48 513 16
  • Harlan W. R. Graybiel A. Mitchel R. E. Oberman A.; and Osborne R. K. Serial electrocardiograms: their reliability and prognostic validity during a 24–year period J Chronic Dis 1967 20 853 67
  • Cellina G. Honour A. Littler W. Direct arterial pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram during cigarette smoking in unrestricted patients Am Heart J 1975 89 18 25
  • Mujtaba F. Effect of smoking on electrocardiogram and blood pressure Ind J Physiol 1977 21 393 95
  • von Ahn B. The acute effect of tobacco smoking and nicotine on the electrocardiogram especially during hypoxia Acta Med Scand (suppl.) 1954 292 1 112
  • Erikssen J. Enger S. The effect of smoking on selected coronary heart disease risk factors in middle-aged men Acta Med Scand 1978 203 27 30
  • Borden H. Abrahim M. The epidemiology of the QRS axis measurement Am J Public Health 1979 60 722 30
  • Bell B. Rose C. L. Damon A. The Normative Aging Study: An interdisciplinary and longitudinal study of health and aging Aging Hum Dev 1972 3 5 17
  • Shurtleff D. Some characteristics related to the incidence of cardiovascular disease and death: Framingham Study, 18-year follow-up Section 30, Department of Health, Education and Welfare Publication (NIH) National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD 1974 74 599
  • Prineas R. J. Crown R. S. Blackburn H. The Minnesota Code Manual Procedures for measurement and classification of electrocardiographic findings in clinical trials and population studies Wright PSG Littleton MA 1982 in press
  • Dixon W. J. Massey F. J. Introduction to Statistical Analysis McGraw-Hill Book Company New York 1969 222 36
  • Mihalick M. J. Fisch C. Should ECG criteria be modified for geriatric patients? Geriatrics 1977 32 65 72
  • Borkan G. A. Glynn R. J. Bachman S. Bosse’ R. and Weiss S. T. Relationship between cigarette smoking, chest size and body size in health-screened adult males Ann Hum Biol 1981 8 153 60
  • Goldbourt U. Medalie J. H. Characteristics of smokers, nonsmokers and ex-smokers among 10, 000 adult males in Israel Am J Epidemiol 1977 105 75 86

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.