12
Views
18
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Brief Communication

Benzidine and Its Acetylated Metabolites in the Urine of Workers Exposed to Direct Black 38

, , , , &
Pages 269-272 | Published online: 11 Dec 2012

References

  • I.A.R.C . 1982 . Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans: Some Industrial Chemicals and Dye-Stuffs vol. 29 , 149 – 83 . Lyon , , France : IARC Scientific Publications. .
  • Gantz , G. M. and Ellis , J. R. , eds. 1967 . “ Dyes–application and evaluation. ” . In Kirkothmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, , 2nd rev. vol. 7 , 535 New York : John Wiley and Sons. .
  • Walker , R. 1970 . The metabolism of azo compounds: A review of literature . Food Cosmet Toxicol , 8 : 659 – 76 .
  • National Cancer Institute . 1978 . 13-Week Subchronic Toxicity Studies of Direct Blue 6, Direct Black 38, and Direct Brown 95 Dyes Bethesda , MD : National Cancer Institute. . (NCI-CG-TR-108, DHEW Publication No. [NIH] 78–1358)
  • Genin , V. A. 1977 . Formation of blastomogenic diphenyl amino derivatives as a result of direct azo dyes metabolism (Russ.) . Vopr Onkol , 23 : 50 – 52 .
  • Lowry , L. K. , Tolos , W. P. , Boeniger , M. F. , Nony , C. R. and Bowman , M. C. 1980 . Chemical monitoring of urine from workers potentially exposed to benzidine-derived azo dyes . Toxicol Lett , 7 : 29 – 36 .
  • Boeniger , M. F. 1980 . Carcinogenicity and Metabolism of Azo Dyes, Especially Those Derived from Benzidine 6 Cincinnati , OH : NIOSH. . 68, 76, 79–85. DHMS (NIOSH) Publication No. 80–119
  • Lazear , E. J. , Shaddock , J. G. , Barren , P. R. and Louie , S. C. 1979 . The mutagenicity of some of the proposed metabolites of Direct Black 38 and pigment yellow 12 in the Salmonella typhirium assay system . Toxicol Lett , 4 : 519 – 25 .
  • Bowman , M. C. and Nony , C. R. 1981 . Environmental Carcinogens: Selected Methods of Analysis vol. 4 , 193 – 217 . Lyon , , France : IARC Scientific Publications. . IARC scientific publication No. 40
  • National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health . 1980 . Special Occupational Hazard Review for Benzidine-Based Dyes 13 – 15 . Washington , DC : US Government Printing Office. . DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 80–109
  • Dieckhues , B. 1960 . Experiments on splitting of azo-dyes by bacteria (Ger) 2bl . Bakt Parsitkde Infekt Hyg (Abt 1) , 180 : 244 – 49 .
  • Piotrowski , J. 1977 . “ Absorption routes. ” . In Exposure Tests for oOganic Compounds in Industrial Toxicology Cincinnati , OH : National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. . DHEW (NIOSH) Publ. No. 77–144
  • Wynder , E. L. , Onderdonk , J. and Mantel , M. 1963 . An epidemiological investigation of cancer of the bladder . Cancer , 16 : 1388 – 1407 .
  • Cole , P. , Hoover , R. and Friedell , G. H. 1972 . Occupation and cancer of the lower urinary tract . Cancer , 29 : 1250 – 60 .
  • Yoshida , O. , Horada , T. , Miyagawa , M. and Kato , T. 1971 . Bladder cancer in workers of the dyeing industry: Epidemiological survey focusing on kyoto prefecture Jap) . Igak no Ayumi , 79 : 421 – 22 .
  • Anonymous . 1980a . Benzidine dyes: Reduce exposure, use substitutes, OSHA/NIOSH hazard alert cautions . Chem Reg Rep , 4 : 63

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.