11
Views
13
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Lead Reduction of Petrol and Blood Lead Concentrations of Athletes

, &
Pages 139-142 | Accepted 08 Jul 1991, Published online: 03 Aug 2010

References

  • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1977 . Control techniques for lead air emissions EPA-450/2–77–012
  • Harrison , R M and Laxen , D PH , eds. 1981 . Lead pollution: causes and control , Vol. 5 , 133 – 58 . New York : Chapman and Hall . 29
  • Fergusson , J E . 1986 . Lead: petrol lead in the environment and its contribution to human blood lead levels . Sci Total Environ , 50 : 1 – 54 .
  • des Planches , L Tanquerel . 1974 . Traites des Maladies de Plomb, ou Saturnines. Ferra, Librarire-Editeur, Paris. Cited by Cramer K, Goyer RA, Jagenburg R, Wilson MH . Br J Ind Med , 31 : 113 – 27 .
  • Needleman , H L , Schnell , A , Bellinger , D , Leviton , A and Alfred , E N . 1990 . The long-term effects of exposure to low doses of lead in childhood . N Engl J Med , 322 : 83 – 88 .
  • American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Environmental Hazards and Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention. 1987 . Statement on childhood lead poisoning . Pediatrics , 79 : 457 – 65 .
  • Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 1988 . The nature and extent of lead poisoning in children in the United States: a report to Congress , Atlanta, Georgia : Department of Health and Human Services .
  • Annest , J L , Pirkle , J L , Makuc , D , Neese , J W , Bayse , D D and Kovar , M G . 1983 . Chronological trend in blood lead levels between 1976 and 1980 . N Engl J Med , 308 : 1373 – 77 .
  • Ho , Y B . 1990 . The effect of PB reduction in petrol on the Pb content of kerbside dust in Hong Kong . Sci Total Environ , 93 : 411 – 18 .
  • Page , R A , Cawse , P A and Baker , S J . 1988 . The effect of reducing petrol lead on airborne lead in Wales, U.K. . Sci Total Environ , 68 : 71 – 77 .
  • Hinton , D , Coope , P A , Malpress , W A and Janus , E D . 1986 . Trends in blood lead levels in Christchurch and environs, 1978–85 . J Epidemiol Commun Health , 40 : 244 – 48 .
  • Bushnell , P J and Jaeger , R J . 1986 . Hazards to health from environmental lead exposure: a review of recent literature . Vet Hum Toxicol , 28 : 255 – 61 .
  • Farfel , M R . 1985 . Reducing lead exposure in children . Ann Reo Public Health , 6 : 333 – 60 .
  • Department of the Environment. 1990 . Effect on blood lead concentration of a reduction in petrol lead. Fact Sheet, F.S. 4. June 1990 , London, , U.K. : Health, Safety and Environmental Affairs Department .
  • Gilli , G , Scursatone , E , Borio , R , Natale , P and Grosa , M . 1990 . An overview of atmospheric pollution in Italy before the use of new gasoline . Sci Total Environ , 93 : 51 – 56 .
  • Chartsias , B , Colombo , A , Hatzichristidis , D and Leyendecker , W . 1986 . The impact of gasoline lead on blood lead in man . Sci Total Environ , 55 : 275 – 82 .
  • Ducoffre , G , Claeys , F and Bruaux , P . 1990 . Lowering time trend of blood lead levels in Belgium since 1878 . Environ Res , 51 : 25 – 34 .
  • Grobler , S R , Maresky , L S and Rossouw , R J . 1986 . Blood lead levels of South African long-distance road-runners . Arch Environ Health , 41 : 155 – 58 .
  • Grobler , S R , Rossouw , R J and Maresky , L S . 1984 . Blood lead levels of people from a remote rural area in South Africa . SA Med Med J , 68 : 323 – 24 .
  • Wheeler , M E , Davis , G L , Gillespie , W J and Ben , M M . 1986 . Physiological change in hemostasis associated with acute exercise . J Appl Physiol , 60 : 986 – 90 .
  • Ganong , W F , ed. 1983 . Review of medical physiology, , 11th ed. 549 Los Altos, California
  • Rabinowitz , M B , Wetherrill , G W and Kopple , J D . 1976 . Kinetic analysis of lead metabolism in healthy humans . J Clin Invest , 58 : 260 – 70 .
  • Batschelet , E , Brand , L and Stein , A . 1979 . On the kinetics of lead in the human body . J Math Biol , 8 : 15 – 23 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.