30
Views
61
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Congenital Malformations and Birthweight in Areas with Potential Environmental Contamination

, , , &
Pages 147-154 | Accepted 13 Jun 1991, Published online: 03 Aug 2010

References

  • Vianna , N J and Polan , A K . 1984 . Incidence of low birthweight among Love Canal residence . Science , 226 : 1217 – 19 .
  • California Department of Health Services. 1983 . The McColl site health survey: an epidemiological and toxicologic assessment of the McColl site in Fullerton Berkeley, California
  • Swan , S H , Shaw , G , Harris , J A and Neutra , R R . 1989 . Congenital cardiac anomalies in relation to water contamination, Santa Clara County, California, 1981–1983 . Am J Epidemiol , 129 : 885 – 93 .
  • Deane , M , Swan , S H , Harris , J A and Neutra , R R . 1989 . Adverse pregnancy outcomes in relation to water contamination, Santa Clara County, California, 1980–1981 . Am J Epidemiol , 129 : 894 – 904 .
  • Rosenman , K D , Rizzo , J E , Conomos , M G and Halpin , G J . 1989 . Central nervous system malformations in relation to two polyvinyl chloride production facilities . Arch Environ Health , 44 : 279 – 82 .
  • Shaw , G M , Swan , S H , Harris , J A and Malcoe , L H . 1990 . Maternal water consumption during pregnancy and congenital cardiac anomalies . Epidemiol , 1 : 206 – 211 .
  • Aschengrau , A , Zierler , S and Cohen , A . 1989 . Quality of community drinking water and the occurrence of spontaneous abortion . Arch Environ Health , 44 : 283 – 90 .
  • Goldberg , S J , Lebowitz , M D , Graver , E J and Hicks , S . 1990 . An association of human congenital cardiac malformations and drinking water contaminants . J Am Coll Cardiac , 16 : 155 – 64 .
  • Hemminki , K , Saloniemi , I , Luonna , K , Salonen , T , Partunen , T Vainio , K . 1980 . Transplacental carcinogens and mutagens: childhood cancer, malformations and abortions as risk indicators . J Toxicol Environ Health , 6 : 1115 – 25 .
  • Holmberg , P C and Nurminen , M . 1980 . Congenital defects of the central nervous system and occupational factors during pregnancy. A case reference study . Am J Ind Med , 1 : 167 – 76 .
  • Kurppa , K , Holmberg , P C , Hemberg , S , Rantala , K , Riala , R and Nurminen , T . 1983 . Screening for occupational exposures and congenital malformations: preliminary results from a nationwide case-referent study . Scand J Work Environ Health , 9 : 89 – 93 .
  • Kucera , J . 1968 . Exposure to fat solvents: a possible cause of sacral agenesis in man . J Pediatr , 72 : 857 – 59 .
  • Merik , O , Kallen , B , Gauffin , B and Ericson , A . 1979 . Major malformations in infants born of women who worked in laboratories while pregnant . Lancet , 2 : 91
  • Tikkanen , J and Heinonen , O P . 1988 . Cardiovascular malformations and organic solvent exposure during pregnancy in Finland . Am J Ind Med , 14 : 1 – 8 .
  • Little , R E . 1977 . Moderate alcohol use during pregnancy and decreased infant birthweights . Am J Public Health , 67 : 1154
  • Olsen , J , Rachootin , P and Schiodt , A V . 1983 . Alcohol use, conception time and birthweight . J Epidemiol Comm Health , 37 : 63 – 65 .
  • U. S. Bureau of the Census Department of commerce. 1983 . Census of population and housing 1980: summary tape file 2–technical documentation , Washington, DC : U.S. Government Printing Office .
  • California Department of Health Services. 1986 . Expenditure Plan for the Hazardous Substance Cleanup Bond Act of 1984 Sacramento, CA
  • State of California San Francisco Regional Water Quality Control Board. 1985 . Assessment of contamination from leaks of hazardous materials in the Santa Clara Valley Groundwater Basin, 205 J Report Oakland
  • California Department of Health Services. 1984 . California State Superfund Site Database Berkeley, CA
  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1986 . National Priority List Technical Data Base Washington, DC
  • California Department of Health Services. 1984 . Abandoned Site Program Information System Sacramento, CA
  • California Department of Health Services. 1988 . Hazardous Waste Information System Sacramento, CA
  • National Governors' Association . 1985 . Committee on Energy and Environment, and Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Areas closed or restricted because of toxic contamination, summary listing Washington, DC
  • Waste site files of the California Department of Health Services . Toxic Substances Control Division
  • Frisch , J D , Shaw , G M and Harris , J A . 1990 . Epidemiologic research using existing databases of environmental measures . Arch Environ Health , 45 : 303 – 07 .
  • California Air Resources Control Board. 1986 . Toxic Emissions Database System Sacramento, CA
  • Gustafson , T L . 1984 . 1984 EPISTAT: statistical package for the IBM personal computer, version 3.0 , Round Rock, TX : EPISTAT Services .
  • Dixon , W J , Brown , M B , Engelman , L , Frane , J W , Hill , M A , Jennrich , R I and Toporek , J D . 1981 . BMDP statistical software , 330 – 44 . Berkeley : University of California Press .
  • SAS Institute, Inc. 1985 . SAS users guide: statistics. , 5th ed. , 655 – 709 . Cary, NC : SAS Institute Inc. .
  • Fraser , F C and Hunter , A D W . 1975 . Etiologic relations among categories of congenital malformations . Am J Cardiol , 36 : 793 – 95 .
  • Nora , J J and Nora , A H . 1983 . Genetic epidemiology of congenital heart diseases . Prog Med Genet , 5 : 91 – 137 .
  • Clark , E B . 1987 . “ Mechanisms in the pathogenesis of congenital cardiac malformations ” . In The genetics of cardiovascular disease , Edited by: Pierpoint , M EM and Moller , J H . 3 – 11 . Boston, MA : Martinus Nijhoff Publishing .
  • Doherty , P A , Ferm , V H and Smith , R P . 1982 . Congenital malformations induced by infusion of sodium cyanide in the golden hamster . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , 64 : 456 – 64 .
  • Smith , M K , Randall , J L , Tocco , D R , York , R G , Stober , J A and Read , E J . 1988 . Teratogenic effects of trichloroacetonitrile in the Long-Evans rat . Teratology , 38 : 113 – 20 .
  • Zierler , S . 1985 . Maternal drugs and congenital heart disease . Obstet Gynecol , 65 : 155 – 65 .
  • Nora , J J . 1968 . Multifactorial inheritance hypothesis for the etiology of congenital heart disease: the genetic-environmental interaction . Circulation , 38 : 604 – 07 .
  • Zierler , S , Theodore , M , Cohen , A and Rothman , K J . 1988 . Chemical quality of maternal drinking water and congenital heart disease . Int J Epidemiol , 17 : 589 – 94 .
  • Olshan , A F , Teschke , K and Baird , P A . 1990 . Birth defects among offspring of firemen . Am J Epidemiol , 131 : 312 – 21 .
  • Axelsson , G and Molin , I . 1988 . Outcome of pregnancy among women living near petrochemical industries in Sweden . Int J Epidemiol , 17 : 363 – 69 .
  • Levine , R S , Chitwood , D , Witte , J , Mutter , R and King , S . 1983 . “ Hazardous wastes and public health: general considerations and analysis of existing data sources in Florida ” . In Abnormal functional development of the heart, lungs, and kidneys: approaches to functional teratology , 3 – 12 . New York : Alan Liss .
  • Nordstrom , S , Beckman , L and Nordenson , I . 1978 . Occupational and environmental risks in and around a smelter in Northern Sweden. I. Variations in birth weight . Heriditas , 88 : 43 – 46 .
  • Nordstrom , S , Beckman , L and Nordenson , I . 1979 . Occupational and environmental risks in and around a smelter in Northern Sweden. VI. Congenital malformations . Heriditas , 90 : 297 – 302 .
  • Nordstrom , S , Beckman , L and Nordenson , I . 1979 . Occupational and environmental risks in and around a smelter in Northern Sweden. V. Spontaneous abortions among female employees and decreased birth weight in their offspring . Heriditas , 90 : 291 – 96 .
  • Edmonds , L D , Anderson , C E , Flynt , J W Jr. and James , L M . 1978 . Congenital nervous system malformations and vinyl chloride monomer exposure: a community study . Teratology , 17 : 137 – 42 .
  • Theriault , G , Iturra , H and Gingras , S . 1983 . Evaluation of the association between birth defects and exposure to ambient vinyl chloride . Teratology , 27 : 359 – 70 .
  • Copeland , K T , Checkoway , H , McMichael , A J and Holbrook , R H . 1977 . Bias due to misclassification in the estimation of relative risk . Am J Epidemiol , 105 : 488 – 95 .
  • Khoury , M J , Stewart , W , Weinstein , A , Panny , S , Lindsay , P and Eisenberg , M . 1988 . Residential mobility during pregnancy: implications for environmental teratogenesis . J Clin Epidemiol , 41 : 15 – 20 .
  • Shaw , G M and Malcoe , L H . 1991 . Residential mobility during pregnancy for mothers of infants with cardiac anomalies and controls . Arch Environ Health , 46 : 310 – 12 .
  • Institute of Medicine. 1985 . Preventing low birthweight , Washington, DC : National Academy Press .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.