Occupational and Environmental Exposure to Perchloroethylene (PCE) in Dry Cleaners and Their Family Members

References

• Materna , B. L. 1985 . Occupational exposure to perchloroethylene in the dry-cleaning industry . Am Ind Hyg Assoc J , 46 ( 5 ) : 268 – 73 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bosco , M. G. , Figa'-Talamanca , I. and Salerno , S. 1987 . Health and reproductive status of female workers in dry-cleaning shops . Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 59 : 295 – 301 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Solet , D. , Robins , T. G. and Sampaio , C. 1990 . Perchloroethylene exposure assessment among dry-cleaning workers . Am Ind Hyg Assoc J , 51 ( 10 ) : 566 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monster , A. , Regouin-Peeters , W. , van Schijndel , A. and van der Tuin , J. 1983 . Biological monitoring of occupational exposure to tetra-chloroethene . Scand J Work Environ Health , 9 : 273 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• United States Environmental Protection Agency. 1985 . Health assessment document for Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene) , Washington, DC : Office of Health and Environmental Assessment . Final Report. EPA/600/8–82/005F
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 1987 . Tetrachloroethylene health and safety guide , Geneva : World Health Organization .
   Google Scholar
• Mutti , A. , Alinovi , R. Bergamaschi , E. 1992 . Nephropathies and exposure to perchloroethylene in dry-cleaners . Lancet , 340 : 189 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Altmann , L. , Bottger , A. and Wiegand , H. 1990 . Neurophysiological and psycophysical measurements reveal effects of acute low-level organic solvent exposure in humans . Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 62 : 493 – 99 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mergler , D. and Blain , L. 1987 . Assessing vision loss among solvent-exposed workers . Am J Ind Med , 12 : 195 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mergler , D. , Blain , L. and Lagace' , J. P. 1987 . Solvent related colour vision loss: an indicator of neural damage? . Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 59 : 313 – 21 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nakatsuka , H. , Watanabe , T. , Takeuchi , Y. , Hisanaga , N. , Shibata , E. , Suzuki , H. , Huang , M. Y. , Chen , Z. , Qu , Q. S. and Ikeda , M. 1992 . Absence of blue-yellow color vision loss among workers exposed to toluene or tetrachloroethylene, mostly at levels below occupational exposure limits . Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 64 : 113 – 17 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van der Gulden , J. W. J. and Zielhuis , G. A. 1989 . Reproductive hazards related to perchloroethylene . Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 61 : 235 – 42 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kyyrnen , P. , Taskinen , H. , Lindbohm , M. L. , Hemminki , K. and Heinonen , O. P. 1989 . Spontaneous abortions and congenital malformations in women among exposed to tetrachloroethylene in dry-cleaning . J Epidemiol Community Health , 43 : 346 – 51 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Olsen , J. , Hemminki , K. , Ahlborg , G. , Bjerkedal , T. , Kyyrnen , P. , Taskinen , H. , Lindbohm , M. L. , Heinonen , O. P. , Brandt , L. , Kolstad , H. , Halvorsen , B. A. and Egenaes , J. 1990 . Low birthweight, congenital malformations, and spontaneous abortions among dry-cleaning workers in Scandinavia . Scand J Work Environ Health , 16 : 163 – 68 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eskenazi , B. , Fenster , L. , Hudes , M. , Wyrobek , A. J. , Katz , D. F. , Gerson , J. and Rempel , D. M. 1991 . A study of the effect of perchloroethylene exposure on the reproductive outcomes of wives of dry-cleaning workers . Am J Ind Med , 20 : 593 – 600 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eskenazi , B. , Wyrobek , A. J. , Fenster , L. , Katz , D. F. , Sadler , M. , Lee , J. , Hudes , M. and Rempel , D. M. 1991 . A study of the effect of perchloroethylene exposure on semen quality in dry-cleaning workers . Am J Ind Med , 20 : 575 – 91 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindbohm , M. L. , Taskinen , E. , Kyyroonen , P. , Sallmen , M. , Anttila , A. and Hemminki , K. 1992 . Effects of parental occupational exposure to solvents and lead on spontaneous abortion . Scand J Work Environ Health , 18 ( Suppl 2 ) : 37 – 9 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• International Agency for Research on Cancer. 1987 . IARC monographs on the evaluation of some carcinogenic risks to humans , Lyon, , France : International Agency for Research on cancer . Overall evaluations of carcinogenicity: an updating of IARC monographs volumes 1 to 42. Supplement 7
   Google Scholar
• Reinhard , K. , Dulson , W. and Exner , M. 1989 . Untersuchungen zum Vorkommen von Perchlorethylen in Raumluft und Lebensmitteln in Wohnungen in der Nahe von Chemischreinigungen . Zbl Hyg , 189 : 111 – 16 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wallace , L. A. , Pellizzari , E. D. , Hartwell , T. D. , Davis , V. , Michael , L. C. and Whitmore , R. W. 1989 . The influence of personal activities on exposure to volatile organic compounds . Environ Res , 50 : 37 – 55 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hajimiragha , H. , Ewers , U. , Jansen-Rosseck , R. and Brockhaus , A. 1986 . Human exposure to volatile halogenated hydrocarbons from the general environment . Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 58 : 141 – 50 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilli , G. , Bono , R. and Scursatone , E. 1990 . Volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in urban atmosphere and in human blood . Arch Environ Health , 45 : 101 – 06 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pellizzari , E. D. , Hartwell , T. D. , Whitmore , R. , Zelon , H. , Perritt , R. and Sheldon , L. 1988 . The California team study: breath concentrations and personal exposures to 26 volatile compounds in air and drinking water of 188 residents of Los Angeles, Antioch, and Pittsburg, CA . Atm Environ , 22 ( 10 ) : 2141 – 63 .
   Google Scholar
• Diachenko , G. W. Percholoroethylene levels in foods obtained near dry cleaning establishments . Proceedings of international round-table on pollution prevention and control in dry-cleaning industry . November . EPA 774/R-92/002
   Google Scholar
• Weber , L. 1992 . Desorption kinetics of trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene from cotton fabrics . Indoor Environ , 1 : 219 – 23 .
   Google Scholar
• Kawauchi , T. and Nishiyama , K. 1989 . Residual tetrachloroethylene in dry-cleaned clothes . Environ Res , 48 : 296 – 301 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gulyas , H. and Hemmerling , L. 1990 . Tetrachloroethene air pollution from coin-operated dry-cleaning establishments . Environ Res , 53 : 90 – 99 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Popp , W. , Muller , G. , Baltes-Schimtz , B. , Wehner , B. , Vahrenholz , C. , Schmieding , W. , Benninghoff , M. and Norpoth , K. 1992 . Concentrations of tetrachloroethene in blood and thrichloroacetic acid in urine in workers and neighbours of dry-cleaning shops . Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 63 : 393 – 95 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Monster , A. C. 1988 . Biological markers of solvent exposure . Arch Environ Health , 43 : 90 – 93 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monster , A. C. and Smolders , J. F. J. 1983 . Tetrachloroethylene in exhaled air of persons living near a pollution source . Int Arch Occup Environ Health , 53 : 331 – 36 .
   Google Scholar
• Verberk , M. M. and Sheffers , J. F. J. 1980 . Tetrachloroethylene in exhaled air of residents near dry-cleaning shops . Environ Res , 21 : 432 – 37 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Opdam , J. J. G. and Smolders , J. F. J. 1986 . Alveolar sampling and fast kinetics of tetrachloroethene in humans. I. Alveolar sampling . Br J Ind Med , 43 : 814 – 24 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Aggazzotti , G. , Fantuzzi , G. , Righi , E. , Tartoni , P. L. , Cassinadri , T. and Predieri , G. in press . Chloroform in alveolar air of individuals attending indoor swimming pools . Arch Environ Health ,
   Google Scholar
• Aggazzotti , G. , Fantuzzi , G. , Tartoni , P. L. and Predieri , G. 1990 . Plasma chloroform concentrations in swimmers using indoor swimming pools . Arch Environ Health , 45 : 175 – 79 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. April 1977 . NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods , 2nd ed. April , Cincinnati, Ohio Method P&CAM 127
   Google Scholar
• 1986 . SPSS/PC+ for the IBM PC/XT/AT , Chicago, IL : SPSS Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Bureau of National Affairs . 1989 . Preamble to Occupational Safety and Health Administration Final Rule Revising Workplace Air Contaminant Limits . Occup Safety Health Rep , 18 : s355 – s358 .
   Google Scholar
• American Conference Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). Threshold Limit Values for chemical substances and physical agents and Biological Exposure Indices .
   Google Scholar
• Missere , M. , Giacomini , C. , Gennari , P. , Violante , F. , Dallolio , L. , Failla , G. , Lodi , V. and Raffi , G. 1988 . Valutazione dell'esposizione a percloroetilene nelle lavanderie a secco . G Ital Med Lav , 10 : 261 – 67 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cantin , J. Overview of exposure pathways. United States Environmental Protection Agency . Proceedings of international roundtable on pollution prevention and control in the dry-cleaning industry . November . EPA 774/R-92/002
   Google Scholar
• Schreiber , J. S. Investigations of indoor air contamination in residences above dry cleaning esthablishments . Proceedings of international roundtable on pollution prevention and control in the dry cleaning industry . November . EPA 774/R-92/002
   Google Scholar