698
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Methods, Models, and GIS

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Anthrax in White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus virginianus, and Hematophagous Flies in West Texas during the Summertime Anthrax Risk Period

, , &
Pages 939-958 | Received 01 Oct 2012, Accepted 01 Sep 2013, Published online: 11 Jun 2014

References

  • Abdulla, P., P. James, S. Sulochana, V. Jayaprakasan, and R. Pillai. 1982. Anthrax in a jaguar (Panthera onca). Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine 13 (4): 151.
  • Alexander, K.A., B. Lewis, M. Marathe, S. Eubank, and J.K. Blackburn. 2012. Modeling of wildlife associated zoonoses: Applications and caveats. Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases 12 (12): 1005–18.
  • Aragaon, T. J., M. P. Fay, & D. Wollschlaeger. 2012. EpiTools: R Package for Epidemiological Data and Graphics. http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/epitools/index.html
  • Bales, M.E., A.L. Dannenberg, P.S. Brachman, A.F. Kaufmann, P.C. Klatsky, and D.A. Ashford. 2002. Epidemiologic responses to anthrax outbreaks: A review of field investigations, 1950–2001. Emerging Infectious Diseases 8 (10): 1163–74.
  • Bellan, S.E., O. Gimenez, R. Choquet, and W.M. Getz. 2013. A hierarchical distance sampling approach to estimating mortality rates from opportunistic carcass surveillance data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 4 (4): 361–69.
  • Beyer, H. L. 2010. Geospatial Modeling Environment v. 0.7.2.0. . http://www.spatialecology.com
  • Blackburn, J. 2006. Evaluating the spatial ecology of anthrax in North America: Examining epidemiological components across multiple geographic scales using a GIS-based approach. Doctoral dissertation, Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.
  • Blackburn, J., A. Curtis, T. Hadfield, B. O’Shea, M. Mitchell, and M. Hugh-Jones. 2010. Confirmation of Bacillus anthracis from flesh-eating flies collected during a west Texas anthrax season. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 46 (3): 918–22.
  • Blackburn, J., K. McNyset, A. Curtis, and M. Hugh-Jones. 2007. Modeling the geographic distribution of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax disease, for the contiguous United States using predictive ecologic niche modeling. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 77 (6): 1103–10.
  • Broughton, E. 1992. Northwest Territories. Anthrax in bison in Wood Buffalo National Park. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 33 (2): 134–5.
  • Cecere, M.C., G.M. Vazquez-Prokopec, R.E. Gürtler, and U. Kitron. 2004. Spatio-temporal analysis of reinfestation by Triatoma infestans (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) following insecticide spraying in a rural community in northwestern Argentina. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 71 (6): 803–10.
  • Clark, P.J., and F.C. Evans. 1954. Distance to nearest neighbor as a measure of spatial relationships in populations. Ecology 35:445–53.
  • Dale, W., and R. Axtell. 1975. Flight of the salt marsh Tabanidae (Diptera), Tabanus nigrovittatus, Chrysops atlanticus and C. fuliginosus: Correlation with temperature, light, moisture and wind velocity. Journal of Medical Entomology 12 (5): 551–57.
  • Davies, J.C. A. 1983. Anthrax and flies. The Zimbabwe Science News 17 (1): 11–12.
  • Dragon, D., D. Bader, J. Mitchell, and N. Woollen. 2005. Natural dissemination of Bacillus anthracis spores in northern Canada. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71 (3): 1610–15.
  • Dragon, D., and R. Rennie. 1995. The ecology of anthrax spores: Tough but not invincible. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 36 (5): 295–301.
  • Elliott, H. 1955. The anthrax epizootic in Louisiana in 1954. Public Health Reports 70 (9): 932.
  • ESRI. 2010. ArcGIS v. 10. . Redlands, CA: ESRI.
  • Fasanella, A., D. Galante, G. Garofolo, and M.H. Jones. 2010. Anthrax undervalued zoonosis. Veterinary Microbiology 140 (3–4): 318–31.
  • Fasanella, A., L. Palazzo, A. Petrella, V. Quaranta, B. Romanelli, and G. Garofolo. 2007. Anthrax in red deer (Cervus elaphus), Italy. Emerging Infectious Diseases 13 (7): 1118–9.
  • Foil, L. 1989. Tabanids as vectors of disease agents. Parasitology Today 5 (3): 88–96.
  • Fotheringham, A.S., C. Brunsdon, and M. Charlton. 2000. Quantitative geography: Perspectives on spatial data analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Ganeva, D. 2004. Analysis of the Bulgarian tabanid fauna with regard to its potential for epidemiological involvement. Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 7:1–8.
  • Gates, C.C., B.T. Elkin, and D.C. Dragon. 1995. Investigation, control and epizootiology of anthrax in a geographically isolated, free-roaming bison population in northern Canada. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 59 (4): 256–64.
  • Getis, A., and J. Aldstadt. 2004. Constructing the spatial weights matrix using a local statistic. Geographical Analysis 36 (2): 90–104.
  • Getis, A., A.C. Morrison, K. Gray, and T.W. Scott. 2003. Characteristics of the spatial pattern of the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, in Iquitos, Peru. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 69 (5): 494–505.
  • Getis, A., and J. Ord. 1992. The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geographical Analysis 24 (3): 189–206.
  • Goodwin, J.T., and B.M. Drees. 1996. The horse and deer flies (Diptera, Tabanidae) of Texas. Southwestern Entomologist (Suppl. 20).
  • Hugh-Jones, M., and J. Blackburn. 2009. The ecology of Bacillus anthracis. Molecular Aspects of Medicine 30 (6): 356–67.
  • Hugh-Jones, M., and V. De Vos. 2002. Anthrax and wildlife. Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics) 21 (2): 359–83.
  • IBM, Inc. 2010. SPSS v. 20. . Armonk, NY: IBM, Inc.
  • Jacquez, G., D. Greiling, H. Durbeck, L. Estberg, E. Do, A. Long, and B. Rommel. 2002. ClusterSeer user guide 2: Software for identifying disease clusters. Ann Arbor, MI: TerraSeer Press.
  • Jeffery, J.A. L., P.A. Ryan, S.A. Lyons, P.T. Thomas, and B.H. Kay. 2002. Spatial distribution of vectors of Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus on Russell Island, Moreton Bay, Queensland. Australian Journal of Entomology 41 (4): 329–38.
  • Jester, S., and J. Dillard. 2010. Conducting white-tailed deer spotlight surveys in Texas. In Wildlife management activities and practices: Comprehensive wildlife management planning guidelines for the Post Oak Savannah and Blackland Prairie ecological regions. Austin, TX: Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. . Retrieved from http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/publications/pwdpubs/media/pwd_bk_w7000_0788.pdf
  • Kellogg, F.E., A.K. Prestwood, and R.E. Noble. 1970. Anthrax epizootic in white-tailed deer. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 6 (4): 226–28.
  • Kelsall, J., and P. Diggle. 1995. Non-parametric estimation of spatial variation in relative risk. Statistics in Medicine 14 (21–22): 2335–42.
  • Krishna Rao, N.S., and S. Mohiyudeen. 1958. Tabanus flies as transmitters of anthrax—A field experience. Indian Veterinary Journal 35:348–53.
  • Mihok, S. 2002. The development of a multipurpose trap (the Nzi) for tsetse and other biting flies. Bulletin of Entomological Research 92 (5): 385–403.
  • Mohiyudeen, S., and N.S. Krishna Rao. 1958. An epidemic of cutaneous anthrax among bovines in North Kanera District (Mysore State). Indian Veterinary Journal 35 (2): 55–63.
  • Morris, H. 1918. Blood-sucking insects as transmitters of anthrax or charbon. Baton Rouge: Agricultural Experiment Station of the Louisiana State University and A&M College.
  • Nelson, T.A., and B. Boots. 2008. Detecting spatial hot spots in landscape ecology. Ecography 31 (5): 556–66.
  • Olsuf’ev, N.G., and P.P. Lelep. 1935. On the importance of tabanids in the spread of anthrax. In Parasites, transmetteurs, anim. venimeux. Rec. Trav. 25e Anniv. sci Pavovsky 1909–34, 145–97. . Moscow.
  • Omernik, J. M. 1995. Ecoregions: A spatial framework for environmental management. In . Biological assessment and criteria: Tools for water resource planning and decision making, ed. W. S. Davis & T. P. Simon, 49–62. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.
  • Ord, J.K., and A. Getis. 1995. Local spatial autocorrelation statistics: Distributional issues and an application. Geographical Analysis 27 (4): 286–306.
  • Saile, E., and T. Koehler. 2006. Bacillus anthracis multiplication, persistence, and genetic exchange in the rhizosphere of grass plants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 72 (5): 3168–74.
  • Sciarretta, A., M. Girma, G. Tikubet, L. Belayehun, S. Ballo, and J. Baumgärtner. 2005. Development of an adaptive tsetse population management scheme for the Luke community, Ethiopia. Journal of Medical Entomology 42 (6): 1006–19.
  • Sheppard, C., and B. Wilson. 1976. Flight range of Tabanidae in a Louisiana bottomland hardwood forest. Environmental Entomology 5 (4): 752–54.
  • Silverman, B.W. 1986. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. London and New York: Chapman & Hall/CRC.
  • Smith, K.L., V. DeVos, H. Bryden, L.B. Price, M.E. Hugh-Jones, and P. Keim. 2000. Bacillus anthracis diversity in Kruger National Park. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38 (10): 3780–84.
  • Turell, M.J., and G.B. Knudson. 1987. Mechanical transmission of Bacillus anthracis by stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) and mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes taeniorhynchus). Infection and Immunity 55 (8): 1859–61.
  • Turnbull, P., M. Diekman, J. Killian, W. Versfeld, V. De Vos, L. Arntzen, K. Wolter, P. Bartels, and A. Kotze. 2010. Naturally acquired antibodies to Bacillus anthracis protective antigen in vultures of southern Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research 75 (2): 95–102.
  • Turnbull, P.C. B., Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, World Organization for Animal Health, and World Health Organization. 2008. Anthrax in humans and animals.4th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Van Ness, G.B. 1971. Ecology of anthrax. Science 172 (3990): 1303–7.
  • Van Ness, G., and C. Stein. 1956. Soils of the United States favorable for anthrax. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 128 (1): 7–9.
  • Vazquez-Prokopec, G.M., M.C. Cecere, D.M. Canale, R.E. Gürtler, and U. Kitron. 2005. Spatiotemporal patterns of reinfestation by Triatoma guasayana (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in a rural community of northwestern Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology 42 (4): 571–81.
  • Ward, M.P., and T.E. Carpenter. 2000. Techniques for analysis of disease clustering in space and in time in veterinary epidemiology. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 45 (3): 257–84.
  • Yanli, L., H. Bisong, G. Jianhua, C. Wuchun, and F. Liqun. 2009. Visual data mining of SARS distribution using self-organization maps. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Management and Service Science, 1–4. . Wuhan/Beijing: International Conference on Management and Service Science.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.