Benefits of cognitive–behavioural therapy for children and youth with obsessive–compulsive disorder: re-examination of the evidence

References

• American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Summary of the practice parameters for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37: 1110–1116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March JS. Cognitive–behavioural psychotherapy for children and adolescents with OCD: a review and recommendations for treatment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995; 34: 7–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobak K, Griest J, Jefferson J, Katzelnick D, Henk H. Behavioral versus pharmacological treatments of obsessive–compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology 1998; 136: 205–216
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shafran R, Somers J. Treating adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder: applications of the cognitive theory. Behav Res Ther 1998; 36: 93–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller D, Biederman J, Jones J, Shapiro S, Schwatrz S, Park K. Obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: a review. Harv Rev Psychiatry 1998; 5: 260–273
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller D, Biederman J, Faraone S, et al. Developmental aspects of obsessive–compulsive disorder: findings in children, adolescents and adults. J Nerv Ment Dis 2001; 189: 471–477
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller D, Biederman J, Griffin S, Jones J, Lefkowitz T. Comorbidity of juvenile obsessive–compulsive disorder with disruptive behavior disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996; 35: 1637–1646
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy M, Pichichero M. Prospective identification and treatment of children with pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with Group A streptococci infection (PANDAS). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002; 156: 356–361
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barrett P, Shortt A, Healy L. Do parent and child behaviours differentiate families whose children have obsessive–compulsive disorder from other clinic and non-clinic families?. J Clin Psychol Psychiatry 2002; 43: 597–607
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Compton S, Burns B, Robertson E, Egger H. Review of the evidence base for treatment of childhood psychopathology: internalising disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol 2002; 70: 1240–1266
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abramowitz JS, Whiteside SP, Deacon BJ. The effectiveness of treatment for pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis. Behav Ther 2005; 36: 55–63
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turner CM. Cognitive–behavioural theory and therapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adolescents: current status and future directions. Clin Psychol Rev 2006; 26: 911–938
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsay M, Wilson D. The efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioural treatments: confirmation from meta-analysis. Am Psychol 1993; 48: 1181–1209
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson D, Lipsay M. The role of method in treatment effectiveness research: evidence from meta-analysis. Psychol Methods 2001; 6: 413–429
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geller D, Biederman J, Stewart S, Mullin B, Martin A, Spencer T, Faraone SV. Which SSRI? A meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy trials in pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 11: 1919–1928
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Kearney, RT, Anstey, KJ, von Sanden, C. Behavioural and cognitive behavioural therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; Issue 4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arrindell WA. Changes in waiting-list patients over time: data on some commonly-used measures. Beware!. Behav Res Ther 2001; 39: 1227–1247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jorm A, Duncan-Jones P, Scott R. An analysis of the re-test artifact in longitudinal studies of psychiatric symptoms and personality. Psychol Med 1999; 19: 487–493
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liebowitz M, Turner S, Paicentini J, et al. Fluoxetine in children and adolescents with OCD: a placebo-controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2002; 41: 1431–1438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vacha-Haas T, Thompson B. How to estimate and interpret various effect sizes. J Couns Psychol 2004; 51: 473–481
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morris S, DeSohn R. Combining effect sizes estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs. Psychol Methods 2002; 7: 105–125
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris CV, Wiebe DJ. An analysis of response prevention and flooding procedures in the treatment of adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1992; 23: 107–115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kearney CA, Silverman WK. Treatment of an adolescent with obsessive–compulsive disorder by alternating response prevention and cognitive therapy: an empirical analysis. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 1990; 21: 39–47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March JS, Mulle K. Manualized cognitive–behavioral psychotherapy for obsessive–compulsive disorder in childhood: a preliminary single case study. J Anxiety Disord 1995; 9: 175–184
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willmuth ME. Cognitive–behavioural and insight-oriented psychotherapy of an eleven-year-old boy with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Am J Psychother 1998; 42: 472–478
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jaffa T, Stott C. Do inpatients on adolescent units recover? A study of outcome and acceptability of treatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1999; 8: 292–300
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piacentini J, Gitow A, Jaffer M, Graae F, Whitaker A. Outpatient behavioural treatment of child and adolescent obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 1994; 8: 277–289
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehta M. A comparative study of family-based and patient-based behavioral management in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 157: 133–135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Noppen B, Steketee G, McCorkle BH, Pato M. Group and multifamily behavioural treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder: a pilot study. J Anxiety Disord 1997; 11: 431–446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornicroft G, Colson L, Marks I. An inpatient behavioural psychotherapy unit. Description and audit. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 158: 363–367
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lumpkin PW, Silverman WK, Weems CF, Markham MR, Kurtines WM. Treating a heterogeneous set of anxiety disorders in youths with group cognitive therapy: a partially nonconcurrent multiple-baseline evaluation. Behav Ther 2002; 33: 163–177
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin M, Foa E, March JS. The pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder treatment study: rationale, design, and methods. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003; 13: S39–S51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Haan, E, Hoogduin, KAL, Buitelaar, JK, Keijsers, GPJ. Behavior therapy versus clomipramine for the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder in children and adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1998; 37:1022–1029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neziroglu F, Yaryur-Tobias JA, Walk J, McKAY D. The effect of fluvoxamine and behavior therapy on children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2000; 10: 295–306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barrett P, Healy-Farrell L, March JS. Cognitive-behavioral family treatment of childhood obsessive–compulsive disorder: a controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2004; 43: 46–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Pediatric OCD Treatment Study (POTS) Team. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, sertraline, and their combination for children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Am Med Assoc 2004; 292: 1969–1976
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asbahr F, Castillo R, Ito L, Latorre M, Moreira M, Lotufo-Neto F. Group cognitive–behavioural therapy versus sertraline for the treatment of children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2005; 44: 1128–1136
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton D, Collins S, Steinberg D. The treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder in adolescence: a report of fifteen cases. Br J Psychiatry 1983; 142: 456–464
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• March JS, Mulle K, Herbel B. (1994). Behavioral psychotherapy for children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder: an open trial of new protocol-driven treatment package. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1994; 33: 333–341
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knox LS, Albano AM, Barlow DH. Parental involvement in the treatment of childhood compulsive disorder: a multiple-baseline examination incorporating parents. Behav Ther 1996; 27: 93–114
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scahill L, Vitulano LA, Brenner EM, Lynch KA, King RA. Behavioral therapy in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder: a pilot study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 1996; 6: 191–202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wever C, Rey JM. Juvenile obsessive–compulsive disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1997; 31: 105–113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer D, Himle J, Hanna G. Group behavioral therapy for adolescents with obsesive-compulsive disorder: preliminary outcomes. Res Soc Work Pract 1998; 8: 629–636
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franklin M, Kozak M, Cashman L, Coles M, Rheingold A, Foa E. Cognitive–behavioural treatment of pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder: an open clinical trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1998; 37: 412–419
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thienemann M, Martin J, Cregger B, Thompson HB, Dyer-Friedman J. Manual-driven group cognitive–behavioural therapy for adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder: a pilot study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2001; 40: 1254–1260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waters TL, Barrett PM, March JS. Cognitive–behavioural family treatment of childhood obsessive–compulsive disorder: preliminary findings. Am J Psychother 2001; 55: 372–387
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benazon NR, Anger J, Rosenberg DT. Cognitive behavior therapy in treatment-naive children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder: an open trial. Behav Res Ther 2002; 40: 529–539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piacentini J, Bergman R, Jacobs C, McCracken JT, Kretchman J. Open trial of cognitive behavior for childhood obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2002; 16: 207–219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himle JA, Fischer DJ, Van Etten ML, Janeck AS, Hanna GL. Group behavioral therapy for adolescents with tic-related and non-tic-related obsessive–compulsive disorder. Depress Anxiety 2003; 17: 73–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martin J, Thienemann M. Group cognitive–behavior therapy with family involvement for middle-school-age children with obsessive–compulsive disorder: a pilot study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2005; 36: 113–127
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valderhaug, R, Larsson, B, Gotestam, KG, Piacentini, J. An open trial of cognitive–behavioural therapy in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder administered in regular outpatients clinics. Behav Res Ther, (in press).
   Google Scholar
• March, JS, Mulle, K. OCD in children and adolescents: a cognitive–behavioural treatment manual. New York: The Guildford Press, 1998.
   Google Scholar
• P Alderson, Green, S, Higgins, JP, eds. Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 4.2.2.Issue 1. London: John Wiley, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• Storch E, Murphy T, Geffken G, Soto O, Saijd M, Allen P, Roberti J, Killiany E, Goodman W. Psychometric evaluation of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive–compulsive Scale. Psychiatry Res 2004; 129: 91–98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piacentini J, Bergmann R, Keller M, McCracken J. Functional impairment in children and adolescents with obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2003; 13: S61–S69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merlo L, Storch E, Murphy T, Goodman W, Geffken G. Assessment of pediatric obsessive–compulsive disorder: a critical review of current methodology. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2005; 36: 195–214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stroch E, Murphy T, Geffken G, Bagner D, Soto O, Sajid M, Allen P, Killiany E, Goodman W. Factors analytic study of the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive–compulsive Scale. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2005; 34: 312–319
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolton D. Developmental issues in obsessive–compulsive disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1996; 37: 131–137
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar