Childhood trauma and psychosis: Review of the evidence and directions for psychological interventions

References

• Bendall, S., Jackson, H. J., Hulbert, C. A., and McGorry, P. D., 2008. Childhood trauma and psychotic disorders: A systematic, critical review of the evidence, Schizophrenia Bulletin 34 (2008), pp. 568–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bendall, S., Killackey, E., Marois, M.-J., and Jackson, H. J., 2005. ACE manual: Active cognitive therapy for early psychosis. Melbourne: ORYGEN Research Centre; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Bradley, R., Greene, J., Russ, E., Dutra, L., and Westen, D., 2005. A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD, American Journal of Psychiatry 162 (2005), pp. 214–227.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briere, J., 1992. Child abuse trauma: Theory and treatment of the lasting effects. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1992.
   Google Scholar
• Bryant, R. A., Moulds, M. L., Guthrie, R. M., Dang, S. T., and Nixon, R. D. V., 2003. Imaginal exposure alone and imaginal exposure with cognitive restructuring in treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 71 (2003), pp. 706–712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Butler, R. W., Mueser, K. T., Sprock, J., and Braff, D. L., 1996. Positive symptoms of psychosis in post-traumatic stress disorder, Biological Psychiatry 39 (1996), pp. 839–844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calhoun, P. S., Stechuchak, K. M., Strauss, J. S., Bosworth, H. B., Marx, C. E., and Butterfield, M. I., 2007. Interpersonal trauma, war zone exposure, and posttraumatic stress disorder among veterans with schizophrenia, Schizophrenia Research 91 (2007), pp. 210–216.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callcott, P., and Turkington, D., 2006. "CBT for traumatic psychosis". In: Larkin, W., and Morrison, A. P., eds. Trauma and psychosis: New directions for theory and therapy. Hove: Routledge; 2006. pp. 222–238.
   Google Scholar
• Chadwick, P., Birchwood, M., and Trower, P., 1996. Cognitive therapy for delusions, voices and paranoia. Chichester: Wiley; 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Ehlers, A., and Clark, D. M., 2000. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder, Behaviour Research and Therapy 38 (2000), pp. 319–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellenson, G. S., 1985. Detecting a history of incest: A predictive syndrome, Social Casework: Journal of Contemporary Social Work November (1985), pp. 525–532.
   Google Scholar
• Famularo, R., Kinscherff, R., and Fenton, T., 1992. Psychiatric diagnoses of maltreated children: Preliminary findings, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 31 (1992), pp. 863–867.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fowler, D., Garety, P., and Kuipers, L., 1995. Cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: Theory and practice. Chichester: Wiley; 1995.
   Google Scholar
• Garety, P. A., Kiupers, E., Fowler, D., Freeman, D., and Bebbington, P. E., 2001. A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis, Psychological Medicine 31 (2001), pp. 189–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gumley, A. I., and MacBeth, A., 2006. "A trauma-based model of relapse in psychosis". In: Larkin, W., and Morrison, A. P., eds. Trauma and psychosis: New directions for theory and therapy. Hove: Routledge; 2006. pp. 283–304.
   Google Scholar
• Hardy, A., Fowler, D., Freeman, D., Smith, B., Steel, C., Evans, J., et al., 2005. Trauma and hallucinatory experience in psychosis, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 193 (2005), pp. 501–507.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janssen, I., Krabbendam, L., Bak, M., Hanssen, M., Vollebergh, W., de Graaf, R., et al., 2004. Childhood abuse as a risk factor for psychotic experiences, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 109 (2004), pp. 38–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kilcommons, A. M., and Morrison, A. P., 2005. Relationships between trauma and psychosis: An exploration of cognitive and dissociative factors, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 112 (2005), pp. 351–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kingdon, D. G., and Turkington, D., 1994. Cognitive-behavioural therapy of schizophrenia. Hove: Lawrence Erlbaum; 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Larkin, W., and Morrison, A. P., 2006. "Relationships between trauma and psychosis: From theory to therapy". In: Larkin, W., and Morrison, A. P., eds. Trauma and psychosis: New directions for theory and therapy. Hove: Routledge; 2006. pp. 259–282.
   Google Scholar
• Lecomte, T., Spidel, A., Leclerc, C., MacEwan, G. W., Greaves, C., and Bentall, R. P., 2008. Predictors and profiles of treatment non-adherence and engagement in services problems in early psychosis, Schizophrenia Research 102 (2008), pp. 295–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lysaker, P. H., Nees, M. A., Lancaster, R. S., and Davis, L. W., 2004. Vocational function among persons with schizophrenia with and without history of childhood sexual trauma, Journal of Traumatic Stress 17 (2004), pp. 435–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Modai, I., Sirota, P., Cygielman, G., and Wijsenbeek, H., 1980. Conversive hallucinations, Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 168 (1980), pp. 564–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison, A. P., Frame, L., and Larkin, W., 2003. Relationships between trauma and psychosis: A review and integration, British Journal of Clinical Psychology 42 (2003), pp. 331–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueser, K. T., 2007. The trauma recovery group: A cognitive-behavioral program for post-traumatic stress disorder in persons with severe mental illness, Community Mental Health Journal 43 (2007), pp. 281–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueser, K. T., Rosenberg, S. D., Xie, H., Jankowski, M. K., Bolton, E. E., Lu, W., et al., 2008. A randomized controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in severe mental illness, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 76 (2008), pp. 259–271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueser, K. T., Salyers, M. P., Rosenberg, S. D., Goodman, L. A., Essock, S. M., Osher, F. C., et al., 2004. Interpersonal trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with severe mental illness: Demographic, clinical, and health correlates, Schizophrenia Bulletin 30 (2004), pp. 45–57.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neria, Y., Bromet, E. J., and Sievers, S., 2002. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder in psychosis: Findings from a first-admission cohort, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 70 (2002), pp. 246–251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nettelbladt, P., Svensson, C., and Serin, U., 1996. Background factors in patients with schizoaffective disorder as compared with patients with diabetes and healthy individuals, European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 246 (1996), pp. 213–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sareen, J., Cox, B. J., Goodwin, R. D., and Asmundson, G. J. G., 2005. Co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder with positive psychotic symptoms in a nationally representative sample, Journal of Traumatic Stress 18 (2005), pp. 313–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schenkel, L. S., Spaulding, W. D., DiLillo, D., and Silverstein, S. M., 2005. Histories of childhood maltreatment in schizophrenia: Relationships with premorbid functioning, symptomatology, and cognitive deficits, Schizophrenia Research 76 (2005), pp. 273–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith, B., Steel, C., Rollinson, R., Freeman, D., Hardy, A., Kuipers, E., et al., 2006. "The importance of traumatic events in formulation and intervention in cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis: Three case examples". In: Larkin, W., and Morrison, A. P., eds. Trauma and psychosis: New directions for theory and therapy. London: Routledge; 2006. pp. 239–258.
   Google Scholar
• Smucker, M., Dancu, C., and Foa, E. B., 1999. Cognitive behavioural treatment for adult survivors of childhood trauma: Imagery rescripting and reprocessing. Northvale, NJ: Jason-Aronson; 1999.
   Google Scholar
• Spataro, J., Mullen, P. E., Burgess, P. M., Wells, D. L., and Moss, S. A., 2004. Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health: Prospective study in males and females, British Journal of Psychiatry 184 (2004), pp. 416–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spauwen, J., Krabbendam, L., Lieb, R., Wittchen, H.-U., and van Os, J., 2006. Impact of psychological trauma on the development of psychotic symptoms: Relationship with psychosis proneness, British Journal of Psychiatry 188 (2006), pp. 527–533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, J. A., Goldring, J. M., Siegel, J. M., Burnam, M. A., and Sorrenson, S. B., 1988. "Long-term psychological sequelae of child sexual abuse: The Los Angeles Epidemiologic Catchment Area study". In: Wyatt, G. E., and Powell, G. J., eds. Lasting effects of child sexual abuse. Newbury Park: Sage Publications; 1988. pp. 135–154.
   Google Scholar
• Tarrier, N., Khan, S., Cater, J., and Picken, A., 2007. The subjective consequences of suffering a first episode psychosis: Trauma and suicide behaviour, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 42 (2007), pp. 29–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheatley, M., Plant, J., Reader, H., Brown, G. W., and Cahill, C., 2004. Clozapine treatment of adolescents with posttraumatic stress disorder and psychotic symptoms, Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 24 (2004), pp. 167–173.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield, C. L., Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., and Anda, R. F., 2005. Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations, Child Abuse and Neglect 29 (2005), pp. 797–810.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wurr, C. J., and Partridge, I. M., 1996. The prevalence of a history of childhood sexual abuse in an acute adult inpatient population, Child Abuse and Neglect 20 (1996), pp. 867–872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar