Song characteristics vary clinally across an active colonization zone in Eurasian Nuthatches Sitta europaea

REFERENCES

• Baker , A. J. and Jenkins , P. F. 1987 . Founder effect and cultural evolution of songs in an isolated population of chaffinches, Fringilla coelebs, in the Chatham Islands . Anim. Behav. , 35 : 1793 – 1803 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , M. C. 1996 . Depauperate meme pool of vocal signals in an island population of singing honeyeaters . Anim. Behav. , 51 : 853 – 858 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baker , M. C. and Gammon , D. E. 2008 . Vocal memes in natural populations of chickadees: why do some memes persist and others go extinct? . Anim. Behav. , 75 : 279 – 289 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baptista , L. F. and Johnson , R. B. 1982 . Song variation in insular and mainland California Brown Creepers (Certhia familiaris) . J. Ornithol. , 123 : 131 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Beecher , M. D. and Brenowitz , E. A. 2005 . Functional aspects of song learning in songbirds . Trends Ecol. Evol. , 20 : 143 – 149 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beecher , M. D. , Campbell , S. E. and Stoddard , P. K. 1994 . Correlation of song learning and territory establishment strategies in the song sparrow . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA , 91 : 1450 – 1454 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bentley , R. A. , Hahn , M. W. and Shennan , S. J. 2004 . Random drift and culture change . Proc. R. Soc. London B , 271 : 1443 – 1450 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bibby , C. J. , Burgess , N. D. and Hill , D. A. 1992 . Bird Census Techniques , London : Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Bitterbaum , E. and Baptista , L. F. 1979 . Geographical variation in songs of California house finches (Carpodacus mexicanus) . Auk , 96 : 462 – 474 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackmore , S. 1998 . Imitation and the definition of a meme . J. Memet. , 2: [online only: http://jom-emit.cfpm.org/1998/vol2/balckmore_s.html]
   Google Scholar
• Catchpole , C. K. and Slater , P. J.B. 1995 . Bird Song: Biological Themes and Variation , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Cramp , S. and Perrins , C. M. 1993 . Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the Western Palearctic, Vol. VII: Flycatchers to Shrikes , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dawkins , R. 1976 . The Selfish Gene , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Forestry Commission . 2011 . Woodland Area, Planting and Restocking , London : UK National Statistics .
   Google Scholar
• Gibbons , D. W. , Reid , J. B. and Chapman , R. A . 1993 . The New Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland 1998–1991 , Edited by: Gibbons , D. W. , Reid , J. B. and Chapman , R.A . London : T & AD Poyser .
   Google Scholar
• Goldingham , A . 1985 . British Birds from Nature: The Tresco Collection of Early Victorian Paintings and Conservations by Frances Mary Isabella Smith , Edited by: Goldingham , A . London : Hamlyn .
   Google Scholar
• González-Varo , J. P. , López-Bao , J. V. and Guitián , J. 2007 . Presence and abundance of the Eurasian nuthatch Sitta europaea in relation to the size, isolation and the intensity of management of chestnut woodlands in the NW Iberian Peninsula . Landscape Ecol. , 23 : 79 – 89 .
   Google Scholar
• Holloway , S. 1996 . The Historical Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain & Ireland 1875–1900 , London : T & AD Poyser .
   Google Scholar
• Jenkins , P. F. 1978 . Cultural transmission of song patterns and dialect development in a free-living bird population . Anim. Behav. , 26 : 50 – 78 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kerr , I. 2001 . Northumbrian Birds , Newcastle : Northumberland & Tyneside Bird Club .
   Google Scholar
• Kettle , R. and Ranft , R . 1992 . British Bird Sounds on CD , Edited by: Kettle , R. and Ranft , R . London : The British Library Nation Sound Archive .
   Google Scholar
• Lynch , A. 1996 . “ The population memetics of birdsong ” . In Ecology and Evolution of Acoustic Communication in Birds , Edited by: Kroodsma , D. E. and Miller , E. H. Ithaca , NY : Cornell University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Marler , P. 1997 . Three models of song learning: evidence from behaviour . J. Neurobiol. , 33 : 501 – 516 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin , D. J. 1993 . Song similarity in populations of fox sparrows: a rejection of Naugler's and Smith's conclusions . Condor , 95 : 1057 – 1059 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthysen , E. 1997 . Geographic variation in the occurrence of song types in Nuthatch Sitta europaea populations . Ibis , 139 : 102 – 106 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthysen , E. 1998 . The Nuthatches , London : T & AD Poyser .
   Google Scholar
• Matthysen , E. , Devos , Y. and Hepp , E. 2002 . Loss of song variation through cultural drift in Nuthatches Sitta europaea: testing an hypothesis . Avian Science , 2 : 1 – 9 .
   Google Scholar
• McGregor , P. K. 2000 . Playback experiments: design and analysis . Acta Ethol. , 3 : 3 – 8 .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , R. D. 1991 . The first successful breeding of nuthatch in Scotland . Scottish Bird Report , 22 : 51 – 55 .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , R. D. 1998 . Borders Bird Report, No. 18 , Aberlady : Scottish Ornithologists' Club .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , R. D. 2009 . Borders Bird Report, No. 29 , Aberlady : Scottish Ornithologists' Club .
   Google Scholar
• Murray , R. D. , Holling , R. D. , Dott , H. E.M. and Vandome , P. 1998 . The Breeding Birds of South-east Scotland: A Tetrad Atlas 1988–1994 , Edinburgh : Scottish Ornithologists' Club .
   Google Scholar
• Naugler , C. T. and Smith , P. C. 1991 . Song similarity in an isolated population of Fox Sparrows (Passerella iliaca) . Condor , 93 : 1001 – 1003 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naugler , C. T. and Smith , P. C. 1993 . Similarity breeds confusion: a reply to Martin . Condor , 95 : 1059 – 1060 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nordby , J. C. , Campbell , S. E. and Beecher , M. D. 2007 . Selective attrition and individual song repertoire development in song sparrows . Anim. Behav. , 74 : 1413 – 1418 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Payne , R. B. , Payne , L. L. and Doehlert , S. M. 1988 . Biological and cultural success of song memes in indigo buntings . Ecology , 69 : 104 – 117 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Podos , J. and Warren , P. S. 2007 . The evolution of genetic variation in birdsong . Adv. Stud. Behav. , 37 : 403 – 458 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Development Team . 2009 . R Version 2.10.0 , Vienna : R Foundation for Statistical Computing .
   Google Scholar
• Roche , J. C . 1996 . Bird Songs and Calls of Britain and Europe 4: Sylvia Warblers to Bunting [CD] , Edited by: Roche , J.C . Salthouse : Wildsounds .
   Google Scholar
• Roche , J. C. and Chevereau , J . 2001 . [Guia Sonora de las Aves de Europa] [CD] , Edited by: Roche , J. C. and Chevereau , J . Barcelona [in Spanish] : Lynx Editions .
   Google Scholar
• Sharrock , J. T.R. 1976 . The Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland , Calton : T & AD Poyser .
   Google Scholar
• Toms , M. 2009 . The long road north . Bird Table , 57 : 8 – 11 .
   Google Scholar