The history of eagles in Britain and Ireland: an ecological review of placename and documentary evidence from the last 1500 years

REFERENCES

• Aalen , F. H.A. , Whelan , K. and Stout , M. 1997 . Atlas of the Rural Irish Landscape , Cork University Press, Cork .
   Google Scholar
• Andrews , J. H. 1975 . A Paper Landscape: the Ordnance Survey in Nineteenth-Century Ireland , Oxford : Clarendon Press .
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1834–45 . The New Statistical Account of Scotland , Edinburgh : William Blackwood & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Anon . 1861 . Census of Ireland: General Alphabetical Index to the Townlands and Towns, Parishes and Baronies of Ireland , Dublin : Alexander Thom .
   Google Scholar
• Aybes , C. and Yalden , D. W. 1995 . Place-name evidence for the former distribution and status of wolves and beavers in Britain . Mammal Rev. , 25 : 201 – 227 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bainbridge , I. P. , Evans , R. J. , Broad , R. A. , Crooke , C. H. , Duffy , K. , Green , R. E. , Love , J. A. and Mudge , G. P. 2003 . “ Re-introduction of White-tailed Eagles (Haliaeetus albicilla) to Scotland ” . In Birds of Prey in a Changing Environment , Edited by: Thompson , D. B.A. , Redpath , S. M. , Fielding , A. H. , Marquiss , M. and &Galbraith , C. A. 393 – 406 . Edinburgh , , UK : The Stationery Office .
   Google Scholar
• Baxter , E. V. and Rintoul , J. V. 1953 . The Birds of Scotland , Boyd, Edinburgh : Oliver & .
   Google Scholar
• Bennett , K. D. 1988 . A provisional map of forest types for the British Isles 5000 years ago . J. Quaternary Sci. , 4 : 141 – 144 .
   Google Scholar
• Bijleveld , M. 1974 . Birds of Prey in Europe , London : MacMillan .
   Google Scholar
• Boisseau , S. and Yalden , D. W. 1998 . The former status of the Crane Grus grus in Britain . Ibis , 140 : 482 – 500 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Booth , E. T. 1881–7 . Rough Notes on the Birds Observed during Twenty-Five Years Shooting and Collecting in the British Isles , London : R.H. Porter and Messrs. Dulau & Co .
   Google Scholar
• Bourke , B. P. , Frantz , A. C. , Lavers , C. P. , Davison , A. , Dawson , D. A. and Burke , T. A. 2010 . Genetic signatures of population change in the British golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) . Conserv. Genet. , 11 : 1837 – 1846 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown , L. 1976 . British Birds of Prey , London : Collins .
   Google Scholar
• Brown , L. and Amadon , D. 1968 . Eagles, Hawks and Falcons of the World , New York : McGraw Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Buckley , T. E. and Harvie-Brown , J. A. 1891 . A Vertebrate Fauna of the Orkney Islands , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Colquhoun , J. 1840 . The Moor & the Loch , Edinburgh : William Blackwood & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Colquhoun , J. 1866 . Sporting Days , Edinburgh : William Blackwood & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Cowell , A. and Moss , A. 2003 . Arapaho place names in Colorado: form and function, language and culture . Anthropol. Linguist. , 45 : 349 – 389 .
   Google Scholar
• Cox , J. J. , Maehr , D. S. and Larkin , J. L. 2002 . The biogeography of faunal place names in the United States . Cons. Biol. , 16 : 1143 – 1160 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cramp , S. and Simmons , K. E.L. 1980 . Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, Vol.2 , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• D'Arcy , G. 1999 . Ireland's Lost Birds , Dublin : Four Courts Press .
   Google Scholar
• Dennis , R. H. A reappraisal of the future range of the white-tailed eagle in the British Isles and Western Europe and proposals for an enhanced recovery programme . Sea Eagle 2000 , Edited by: Helander , B. , Marquiss , M. and Bowerman , W. pp. 413 – 416 . Proceedings from an International Conference at Björkö, Sweden, 13–17 September 2000. Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Stockholm
   Google Scholar
• Dennis , R. H. , Ellis , P. M. , Broad , R. A. and Langslow , D. R. 1984 . The golden eagle in Britain . Br. Birds , 77 : 592 – 607 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dixon , J. H. 1885 . Gairloch in North-West Ross-shire: its records, traditions, inhabitants and natural history , Edinburgh : Co-Operative Printing Company .
   Google Scholar
• Duignan , W. H. 1902 . Notes on Staffordshire Placenames , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Eaton , M. A. , Dillon , I. A. , Stirling-Aird , P. K. and Whitfield , D. P. 2007 . Status of the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos in Britain in 2003 . Bird Study , 54 : 212 – 220 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekwall , E. 1960 . Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-names , Oxford University Press, Oxford .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , A. H. 1911 . A Fauna of the Tweed Area , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Evans , R. J. , Pearce-Higgins , J. , Whitfield , D. P. , Grant , J. R. , MacLennan , A. and Reid , R. 2010 . Comparative nest habitat characteristics of sympatric White-tailed Haliaeetus albicilla and Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos in western Scotland . Bird Study , 57 : 473 – 482 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans , R. J. , Wilson , J. D. , Amar , A. , Douse , A. , MacLennan , A. , Ratcliffe , N. and Whitfield , D. P. 2009 . Growth and demography of a re-introduced population of White-tailed Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla . Ibis , 151 : 244 – 254 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Everett , M. J. 1971 . The golden eagle survey in Scotland in 1964–68 . British Birds , 64 : 49 – 56 .
   Google Scholar
• Gelling , M. 1984 . Place-names in the Landscape: the Geographical Roots of Britain's Place-names , London : Dent .
   Google Scholar
• Gelling , M. 1987 . Anglo-Saxon eagles . Leeds Stud. Eng. , 18 : 173 – 181 .
   Google Scholar
• Gelling , M. 1997 . Signposts to the Past: Placenames and the History of England , Chichester : Phillimore & Co .
   Google Scholar
• Gelling , M. and Cole , A. 2000 . The Landscape of Place-names , Stamford : Shaun Tyas .
   Google Scholar
• Gensbøl , B. The re-colonization of the Sea Eagle in Denmark . Sea Eagle 2000 , Edited by: Helander , B. , Marquiss , M. and Bowerman , W. pp. 67 – 69 . Proceedings from an International Conference at Björkö, Sweden, 13–17 September 2000. Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Stockholm
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , S. 1915 . Hill Birds of Scotland , London : Edward Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Gordon , S. 1955 . Golden Eagle, King of Birds , London : Collins .
   Google Scholar
• Government of Northern Ireland . 1969 . Ordnance Survey Gazetteer of Northern Ireland , Belfast : Ordnance Survey .
   Google Scholar
• Graham , H. D. 1880 . The Birds of Iona and Mull , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , R. 1869 . The Birds of Ayrshire and Wigtownshire , Glasgow : Thomas Murray & Son .
   Google Scholar
• Gray , R. 1871 . The Birds of the West of Scotland including the Outer Hebrides , Glasgow : Thomas Murray & Son .
   Google Scholar
• Green , R. E. 1996 . The status of the Golden Eagle in Britain in 1992 . Bird Study , 43 : 20 – 27 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grosman , L. , Munro , N. D. and Belfer-Cohen , A. 2008 . A 12 000-year-old Shaman burial from the southern Levant (Israel) . Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , 105 : 17665 – 17669 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halley , D. J. 1998 . Golden and White-tailed Eagle in Scotland and Norway: co-existence, competition and environmental degradation . Br. Birds , 91 : 171 – 179 .
   Google Scholar
• Halley , D. J. and Gjershaug , J-O. 1998 . Inter- and intra-specific dominance relationships and feeding behaviour of Golden Eagles Aquila chrysaetos and Sea Eagles Haliaeetus albicilla at carcasses . Ibis , 140 : 295 – 301 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harvie-Brown , J. A. 1903 . On the Avifauna of the Outer Hebrides, 1888–1902 , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Harvie-Brown , J. A. 1906 . A Vertebrate Fauna of the Tay Basin and Strathmore , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Harvie-Brown , J. A. and Buckley , T. E. 1887 . A Vertebrate Fauna of the Sutherland, Caithness and West Cromarty , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Harvie-Brown , J. A. and Buckley , T. E. 1888 . A Vertebrate Fauna of the Outer Hebrides , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Harvie-Brown , J. A. and Buckley , T. E. 1892 . A Vertebrate Fauna of Argyll and the Inner Hebrides , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Harvie-Brown , J. A. and Buckley , T. E. 1895 . A Vertebrate Fauna of the Moray Basin , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Harvie-Brown , J. A. and MacPherson , H. A. 1904 . A Vertebrate Fauna of the North-west Highlands and Skye , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Holloway , S. 1996 . The Historical Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland, 1875–1900 , London : T. & A.D. Poyser .
   Google Scholar
• Hooker , R. A. 1990–1993 . Pathfinder Gazetteer; Essential Companion to the Ordnance Survey Pathfinder Series Map , Hawick : Gazetteer Systems .
   Google Scholar
• IUCN. 1998. Guidelines for reintroductions. http://www.iucnsscrsg.org/download/English.pdf (accessed May 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Joyce , P. W. 1901 . The Origin and History of Irish Names of Places , Dublin : M.H. Gill .
   Google Scholar
• Kitson , P. R. 1997 . Old English bird names (i) . Engl. Stud. , 78 : 481 – 505 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kitson , P. R. 1998 . Old English bird names (ii) . Engl. Stud. , 79 : 2 – 22 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Love , J. A. 1983 . The Return of the Sea Eagle , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Love , J. A. A history of the white-tailed sea eagle in Scotland . Sea Eagle 2000 , Edited by: Helander , B. , Marquiss , M. and Bowerman , W. pp. 39 – 50 . Proceedings from an International Conference at Björkö, Sweden, 13–17 September 2000. Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Stockholm
   Google Scholar
• Lovegrove , R. 2007 . Silent Fields , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• MacBain , A. 1922 . Place Names of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland , Stirling : Eneas Mackay .
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald , J. 1900 . Place Names of West Aberdeenshire , Aberdeen : Aberdeen University Press .
   Google Scholar
• MacGillivray , W. 1836 . Descriptions of the Rapacious Birds of Britain , Edinburgh : MacLachlan & Stewart .
   Google Scholar
• MacGillivray , W. 1840 . History of British Birds , London : Scott, Webster & Geary .
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie , O. 1921 . One Hundred Years in the Highlands , London : Edward Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• MacPherson , H. A. 1892 . A Vertebrate Fauna of Lakeland , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• MacPherson , H. A. and Duckworth , W. 1886 . The Birds of Cumberland , Carlisle : Chas. Turnham & Sons .
   Google Scholar
• Madders , M. and Marquiss , M. A comparison of the diets of white-tailed eagles and golden eagles breeding in adjacent ranges in west Scotland . Sea Eagle 2000 , Edited by: Helander , B. , Marquiss , M. and Bowerman , W. pp. 297 – 306 . Proceedings from an International Conference at Björkö, Sweden, 13–17 September 2000. Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, Stockholm
   Google Scholar
• Marquiss , M. , Ratcliffe , D. A. and Roxburgh , R. 1985 . The numbers, breeding success and diet of Golden Eagles in Southern Scotland in relation to changes in land use . Biol. Conserv. , 34 : 121 – 140 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mawer , A. 1919 . Animal and personal names in Old English placenames . Mod Lang. Rev. , 14 : 233 – 244 .
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell , H. 1897 . Memories of the Months , London : Edward Arnold .
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell , H. 1919 . The golden eagle in Galloway . Scottish Naturalist , 85 : 47 – 48 .
   Google Scholar
• Maxwell , W. H. 1832 . Wild Sports of the West , London : Samuel Bentley .
   Google Scholar
• McGrady, M.J., Grant, J.R., Bainbridge, I.P. & McLeod, D.R.A. 2002. A model of Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) ranging behavior. J. Raptor Res. 36 (1 Suppl.) : 62–69.
   Google Scholar
• McWilliam , J. M. 1936 . The Birds of the Firth of Clyde , London : Witherby .
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell-Jones , A. J. , Amori , G. , Bogdanowicz , W. , Kryštufek , B. , Reijnders , P. J.H. , Spitzenberger , F. , Stubbe , M. , Thissen , J. B.M. , Vohralik , V. and Zima , A. 1999 . The Atlas of European Mammals , London : T. & A.D. Poyser .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , A. W. 1890 . Surnames and Place-names of the Isle of Man , London : Elliott Stock .
   Google Scholar
• Moore , P. G. 2002 . Ravens (Corvus corax corax L.) in the British landscape: a thousand years of ecological biogeography in place-names . J. Biogeogr. , 29 : 1039 – 1054 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mutschmann , H. 1913 . The Place Names of Nottinghamshire: their Development and Origin , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Newton , A. 1864–1907 . Ootheca Wolleyana , London : Taylor & Francis .
   Google Scholar
• Nicholson , E. M. 1957 . The rarer birds of prey, their present status in the British Isles: Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) . Br. Birds , 50 : 131 – 135 .
   Google Scholar
• Nicolaiesen , W. F.H. 1975 . Scottish Placenames: their Study and Significance , London : Batsford .
   Google Scholar
• Ordnance Survey. 2010. 1:50 000 Scale Gazetteer. Downloaded from http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/50k-gazetteer/ (accessed 19 November 2010)
   Google Scholar
• Orr , W. 1982 . Deer Forests, Landlords and Crofters: The Western Highlands in Victorian and Edwardian Times , Edinburgh : John Donald .
   Google Scholar
• O'Toole , L. , Fielding , A. H. and Haworth , P. F. 2002 . Re-introduction of the Golden Eagle into the Republic of Ireland . Biol. Conserv. , 103 : 303 – 312 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paterson , J. 1909 . Notes on the eagles of Ayrshire . Glasgow Naturalist , 1 : 28 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Payne-Gallwey , R. 1882 . The Fowler in Ireland , London : John van Voorst .
   Google Scholar
• Rackham , O. 1986 . The History of the Countryside , London : J.M. Dent .
   Google Scholar
• Ralph , R. 1996 . William MacGillivray: a Hebridean Naturalist's Journal 1817–1818 , Edited by: Ralph , R. Stornoway : Acair Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ratcliffe , D. A. 2002 . Lakeland , London : Harper Collins .
   Google Scholar
• Rintoul , L. J. and Baxter , E. V. 1935 . A Vertebrate Fauna of Forth , Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd .
   Google Scholar
• Ritchie , J. 1920 . The Influence of Man on Animal Life in Scotland , Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Scharff , R. F. 1915 . On the Irish names of birds . Irish Naturalists' Journal , 24 : 109 – 129 .
   Google Scholar
• Scrope , W. 1838 . The Art of Deer Stalking , London : John Murray .
   Google Scholar
• Sedgefield , W. J. 1915 . The Place names of Cumberland and Westmorland , Manchester : Manchester University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Simmons , I. G. 2001 . An Environmental History of Great Britain , Edinburgh : Edinburgh University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Sinclair , J. 1791–1799 . The Statistical Account of Scotland , Edinburgh : William Creech .
   Google Scholar
• St. John , C. 1884 . A Tour in Sutherlandshire , Edinburgh : David Douglas .
   Google Scholar
• Sulawa , J. , Robert , A. , Köppen , U. , Hauff , P. and Krone , O. 2010 . Recovery dynamics and viability of the white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Germany . Biodivers. Conserv. , 19 : 97 – 112 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tallis , J. H. 1991 . Forest and moorland in the south Pennine uplands in the mid-Flandrian period. III. The spread of moorland – local, regional and national . J. Ecol. , 79 : 401 – 415 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson , W. 1849 . A Natural History of Ireland , London : Reeve, Benham & Reeve .
   Google Scholar
• Tipping , R. 1994 . The form and fate of Scotland's woodlands . Proc Soc. Antiq. Scot. , 124 : 1 – 54 .
   Google Scholar
• Tipping , R. 2008 . Blanket peat in the Scottish Highlands: timing, cause, spread and the myth of environmental determinism . Biodivers.Conserv. , 17 : 2097 – 2113 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ussher , R. W. and Warren , R. 1900 . The Birds of Ireland , London : Gurney & Jackson .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , J. 1997 . The Golden Eagle , London : T. & A.D. Poyser .
   Google Scholar
• Watson , W. J. 1904 . Placenames of Ross and Cromarty , Edinburgh : Norman MacLeod .
   Google Scholar
• Watters , J. 1853 . The Natural History of the Birds of Ireland , Dublin : James McGlashan .
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield , D. P. , Evans , R. J. , Broad , R. A. , Fielding , A. H. , Haworth , P. F. , Madders , M. and McLeod , D. R.A. 2002 . Are reintroduced White-tailed Eagles in competition with Golden Eagles? . Scottish Birds , 23 : 36 – 45 .
   Google Scholar
• Whitfield , D. P. , Fielding , A. H. , McLeod , D. R.A. and Haworth , P. F. 2004 . The effects of persecution on age of breeding and territory occupation in golden eagles in Scotland . Biol. Conserv. , 118 : 249 – 259 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitfield , D. P. , Fielding , A. H. , McLeod , D. R.A. , Haworth , P. F. and Watson , J. 2006 . A conservation framework for the golden eagle in Scotland: refining condition targets and assessment of constraint influences . Biol. Conserv. , 130 : 465 – 480 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yalden , D. W. 1999 . The History of British Mammals , London : T. & A.D. Poyser .
   Google Scholar
• Yalden , D. W. 2002 . Place-name and archaeological evidence on the recent history of birds in Britain . Acta Zool. Cracov. , 45 : 415 – 429 .
   Google Scholar
• Yalden , D. W. 2007 . The older history of the White-tailed Eagle in Britain . Br. Birds , 100 : 471 – 480 .
   Google Scholar
• Yalden , D. W. and Albarella , U. 2009 . The History of British Birds , Oxford : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar