94
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Identification of the Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga, Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina and interspecific hybrids using the morphology of shed flight feathers

& ORCID Icon
Pages 151-160 | Received 20 May 2022, Accepted 10 May 2023, Published online: 24 Aug 2023

References

  • Anderson, E.C. & Thompson, E.A. 2002. A model-based method for identifying species hybrids using multilocus genetic data. Genetics 160: 1217–1229.
  • Balakrishnan, R. 2005. Species concepts, species boundaries and species identification: a view from the tropics. Syst. Biol. 54: 689–693.
  • Bergmanis, U. 1996. On the taxonomy of the lesser spotted eagle Aquila pomarina and greater spotted eagle Aquila clanga. In Meyburg, B.U. & Chancellor, R.D. (ed) Eagle Studies, 199–207. WWGBP, Berlin. 
  • Bergmanis, U., Amerika, K., Väli, Ü & Treinys, R. 2019. Nest site selection and turnover patterns in support of conservation decisions: case study of the Lesser Spotted Eagle in the core area of its global population. Forest Ecol. Manag. 448: 67–75.
  • BirdLife International 2021a. Clanga clanga. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22696027A203868747. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22696027A203868747.en.
  • BirdLife International 2021b. Clanga pomarina. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021: e.T22696022A203665834. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22696022A203665834.en.
  • Burnham, K.P. & Anderson, D.R. 2004. Multimodel inference: understanding AIC and BIC in model selection. Sociol. Methods Res. 33: 261–304.
  • Busching, W.D. 1997. Handbuch der Gefiederkunde Europäischer Vögel, Vol 1. Aula-Verlag, Wiesbaden.
  • Cieślak, M. & Dul, B. 2006. Feathers: identification for bird conservation. Natura Publishing House, Warsaw.
  • Cramp, S. & Simmons, K.E.L. 1980. The Birds of the Western Palearctic. Vol. II: hawks to Bustards. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Darling, J.A. & Blum, M.J. 2007. DNA-based methods for monitoring invasive species: a review and prospectus. Biol. Invasions 9: 751–765.
  • Dayrat, B. 2005. Towards integrative taxonomy. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 85: 407–417.
  • Dombrovski, V.C. 2009. About species identification of Lesser and Greater Spotted Eagles and their hybrids in the field conditions. Raptors Conserv. 15: 97–110.
  • Dombrovski, V.C. & Demongin, L. 2006. On geographic variability of some diagnostic characteristics of the Greater Spotted Eagle (Aquila clanga). Ornitologiya 33: 42–52.
  • Forsman, D. 1999. The Raptors of Europe and the Middle East: a handbook of field identification. T and AD Poyser, London.
  • Fridolfsson, A.K. & Ellegren, H. 1999. A simple and universal method for molecular sexing of non-ratite birds. J. Avian Biol. 30: 116–121.
  • Fujii, T. & Maruoka, R. 2007. Classification of birds with unique feather structures – basic data for identifying feathers. J. Yamashina Inst. Ornithol. 38: 120–142.
  • Furness, R.W. & Greenwood, J.J.D. 1993. Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change. Chapman and Hall, London.
  • Génsbøl, B. 1984. Collins Guide to the Birds of Prey of Britain and Europe, North Africa and the Middle East. Collins, London.
  • Griffiths, R., Double, M.C., Orr, K. & Dawson, R.J. 1998. A DNA test to sex most birds. Mol. Ecol. 7: 1071–1075.
  • Horváth, M.B., Martínez-Cruz, B., Negro, J.J., Kalmár, L. & Godoy, J.A. 2005. An overlooked DNA source for non-invasive genetic analysis in birds. J. Avian Biol. 36: 84–88.
  • Lõhmus, A. & Väli, Ü. 2004. The effects of habitat quality and female size on the productivity of the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina in the light of the alternative prey hypothesis. J Avian Biol 35: 455–464.
  • Lontkowski, J. & Maciorowski, G. 2010. Identification of juvenile greater spotted eagle, lesser spotted eagle and hybrids. Dutch Birding 32: 384–397.
  • März, R. 1987. Gewöll- und Rupfungskunde. 3. Aufl. AULA-Verlag, Berlin.
  • Meyburg, B.-U. 1970. Zur Biologie des Schreiadlers (Aquila pomarina). Deutscher Falkenorden. 1969: 32–66.
  • Mayr, E. 1976. Species concepts and definitions. In Grene, M. & Mendelsohn, E. (ed) Topics in the Philosophy of Biology, 353–371. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Pauli, J.N., Whiteman, J.P., Riley, M.D. & Middleton, A.D. 2010. Defining noninvasive approaches for sampling of vertebrates. Conserv Biol. 24: 349–352.
  • Pettingill, O.S. 1985. Ornithology in Laboratory and Field, 5th edn. Academic Press, Orlando.
  • Pritchard, J.K., Stephens, M. & Donnelly, P. 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945–959.
  • R Core Team. 2020. R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
  • Sites, J.W. & Crandall, K.A. 1997. Testing species boundaries in biodiversity studies. Conserv. Biol. 11: 1289–1297.
  • Svensson, L., Mullarney, K., Zetterström, D. & Grant, P.J. 2010. The Most Complete Guide to the Birds of Britain and Europe. 2nd edn. HarperCollins, London.
  • Trail, P.W. 2014. Identification of bald and golden eagle feathers. Identification guides for wildlife law enforcement (15). https://www.fws.gov/LAB/idnotes/EagleID_fromScans_final_small.pdf.
  • Valentini, A., Pompanon, F. & Taberlet, P. 2009. DNA barcoding for ecologists. Trends Ecol. Evol. 24: 110–117.
  • Väli, Ü. 2004. Sex ratio of Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina nestlings in good and poor breeding years. Bird Study 51: 189–191.
  • Väli, Ü. 2010. Successful breeding of a ten-year-old hybrid spotted eagle Aquila clanga × A. pomarina retaining immature plumage characters. Ardea. 98: 235–241.
  • Väli, Ü. 2011. Numbers and hybridization of spotted eagles in Estonia as revealed by country-wide field observations and genetic analysis. Est. J. Ecol. 60: 143–154.
  • Väli, Ü & Bergmanis, U. 2017. Apparent survival rates of adult Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina estimated by GPS-tracking, colour rings and wing-tags. Bird Study 64: 104–107.
  • Väli, Ü, Dombrovski, V., Treinys, R., Bergmanis, U., Daroczi, S.J., Dravecky, M., Ivanovski, V., Lontkowski, J., Maciorowski, G., Meyburg, B.-U., Mizera, T., Zeitz, R. & Ellegren, H. 2010a. Widespread hybridization between the Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga and the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina (Aves: Accipitriformes) in Europe. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 100: 725–736.
  • Väli, Ü & Lõhmus, A. 2004. Nestling characteristics and identification of the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina, Greater Spotted Eagle A. clanga, and their hybrids. J. Ornithol. 145: 256–263.
  • Väli, Ü & Magalhaes, A. 2022. Web-based citizen science: a case study on prey delivery by the Lesser Spotted Eagle. PloS ONE 17: e0261655.
  • Väli, Ü, Mirski, P., Sellis, U., Dagys, M. & Maciorowski, G. 2018. Genetic determination of migration strategies in large soaring birds: evidence from hybrid eagles. Proc. Royal Soc. B. 285: 20180855.
  • Väli, Ü, Saag, P., Dombrovski, V., Meyburg, B.-U., Maciorowski, G., Mizera, T., Treinys, R. & Fagerberg, S. 2010b. Microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms in avian hybrid identification: a comparative case study. J. Avian Biol 41: 34–49.
  • Van Duivendijk, N. 2010. Advanced Bird ID Guide the Western Palearctic. New Holland, Turin.
  • Venables, W.N. & Ripley, B.D. 2002. Modern Applied Statistics with S, 4th edn. Springer, New York.
  • Waits, L.P. & Paetkau, D. 2005. Noninvasive genetic sampling tools for wildlife biologists: a review of applications and recommendations for accurate data collection. J. Wildl. Manag. 69: 1419–1433.
  • Ye, F. & Lord, D. 2014. Comparing three commonly used crash severity models on sample size requirements: Multinomial logit, ordered probit and mixed logit models. Anal. Methods Accid. Res. 1: 72–85.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.