The Burning of Rebellious Thoughts: MOVE as Revolutionary Black Humanism

Endnotes

• Mumia Abu-Jamal, All Things Censored, ed., Noelle Hanrahan (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2000), 155.
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• Alice Walker, Living by the Word: Selected Writings, 1973–1987 (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1988), 159.
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• Peniel E. Joseph, “Black Liberation Without Apology,” Black Scholar vol. 31, no. 3 (Fall 2001); also see William R. Lux, “Black Power in the Caribbean,” Journal of Black Studies vol. 3, no. 2 (Dec. 1972): 207–225; Roberta Ann Johnson, “The Prison Birth of Black Power,” Journal of Black Studies vol. 5, no. 4 (June 1975): 395–414; Brent Hayes Edwards, “The ‘Autonomy’ of Black Radicalism,” Social Text vol. 19, no. 2 (Summer 2001): 1–13.
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• Archie Epps, ed., The Speeches of Malcolm X at Harvard (New York: Morrow, 1968), 133.
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• John Anderson and Hilary Hevenor, Burning Down the House: MOVE and the Tragedy of Philadelphia (New York: Norton, 1987); Margot Harry, “Attention MOVE! This is America!” (Chicago: Banner Press, 1987); Charles W. Bowser, Let the Bunker Burn: The Final Battle with MOVE (Philadelphia: Camino Books, 1989); Michael and Randi Boyette, Let It Burn! The Philadelphia Tragedy (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1989); Hizkias Assefa and Paul Wahrhaftig, The MOVE Crisis in Philadelphia: Extremist Groups and Conflict Resolution (Pittsburgh: The University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990); John Edgar Wideman, Philadelphia Fire (New York: Vintage, 1990); and Robin Wagner-Pacifici, Discourse & Destruction: The City of Philadelphia versus MOVE (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).
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• H. Richard Niebuhr, The Social Sources of Denominationalism (1929; Cleveland: Meridian Books, 1963), chap. 2; Ernst Troeltsch, The Social Teachings of Christian Churches (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1981), 27; Friedrich Engels, On the history of early Christianity,” in Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, On Religion (Moscow, 1975), 275.
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• Eugene D. Genovese, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made (New York: Vintage, 1974), 187; Vincent Harding, “Religion and Resistance among Antebellum Negroes, 1800–1860,” in August Meier and Elliot Rudwick, eds. The Making of Black America (New York: MacMillan, 1969); Roger Bastide, Les Religions Africaines au Brasil (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1960).
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• Albert Raboteau, “The Black Church: Continuity within Change,” in A Fire in the Bones: Reflections on African American Religious History (Boston: Beacon Press, 1995), 75.
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• Peter J. Paris, The Spirituality of African Peoples: The Search for a Common Moral Discourse (Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1995), chap. 6.
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• For more information on the Rastafarian movement, see Vittorio Lanternari, The Religions of the Oppressed: A Study of Modern Messianic Cults (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1963), 133–137; M.G. Smith, Roy Augier, and Rex Netdeford, “Report on the Rastafari Movement in Kingston, Jamaica,” Social and Economic Studies (Kingston: University of West Indies, 1960); Rex Net-tleford, Mirror, Mirror: Identity, Race and Protest in Jamaica (Kingston: William Collins & Sangster, 1970); George E. Simpson, “Religious Cults of the Caribbean: Trinidad, Jamaica, and Haiti,” The Institute of Caribbean Studies (Rio Piedras: University of Puerto Rico, 1970); Leonard Barrett, The Rastafarians (Boston: Beacon Press, 1977); Barry Chevannes, Rastafari: Roots and Ideology. Utopianism and Communitarianism. (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1994).
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• This refers to the threefold historical framework utilized by Clayborne Carson in his classic study, In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981). More conceptually, a four-part paradigm of Nigresence (the process of acquiring a black racial consciousness) is discussed in greater detail in William E. Cross, Jr. et al., “The Stages of Black Identity Development: Nigresence Models” in Black Psychology, ed. Reginald L. Jones, (Berkeley: Cobb & Henry, 1991), 319–338.
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• Elijah Anderson, Streetwise: Race, Class, and Change in an Urban Community (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1990), 16.
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• For greater detail, please consult Melvyn Dubofsky and Athan Theoharis, Imperial Democracy: The United States Since 1945, 2d ed., (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1988), 190–207; Manning Marable, Race, Reform, and Rebellion: The Second Reconstruction in Black America, 1945–1990, rev. 2d ed., (Jackson, MS: Mississippi, 1991), William H. Chafe, The Unfinished Journey: America Since World War II, 3d ed., (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), 381–429; Jon C. Teaford, The Rough Road to Renaissance: Urban Revitalization in America, 1940–1985 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), 200–252.
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• John Anderson and Hilary Hevenor, Burning Down the House: MOVE and the Tragedy of Philadelphia (New York: Norton, 1987), 4.
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• Ibid.
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• Sharon Sims Cox, “My Life in MOVE (as told to Carol Saline),” Philadelphia Magazine (Sept. 1985), 170–72 as quoted in Robin Wagner-Pacifici, Discourse & Destruction: The City of Philadelphia versus MOVE (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994), 28.
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• Herbert Marcuse, Counterrevolution and Revolt (Boston: Beacon Press, 1972), 60.
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• Teaford, The Rough Road to Renaissance: Urban Revitalization in America, 1940–1985, 194–196.
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• Hizkias Assefa and Paul Wahrhaftig, The MOVE Crisis in Philadelphia: Extremist Groups and Conflict Resolution (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1990), 24.
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• Excerpt from MOVE organization to Philadelphia Police Department, 20 May 1977.
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• Mumia Abu-Jamal, Live from Death Row (New York: Avon Books, 1995), 152.
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• Ibid., 153.
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