Dietary tryptophan effects on growth and stress responses of male broiler chicks

References

• Beuving , G and Vonder , GMA . 1978 . Effect of stressing factors on corticosterone levels in the plasma of laying hens . General and Comparative Endocrinology , 35 : 153 – 159 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boomgaardt , J and Baker , DH . 1973 . Tryptophan requirements of growing pigs at three levels of dietary protein . Journal of Animal Science , 36 : 303 – 306 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briggs , GM , Groscheke , AC and Little , RJ . 1946 . Effect of protein low in tryptophan on growth of chickens and on laying hens receiving nicotinic acid-low rations . Journal of Nutrition , 32 : 659 – 661 .
   Google Scholar
• Cook , FW . 1959 . Staining fixed preparation of chicken blood cells with combination May–Grünwald–Wright– Phloxine B stain . Avian Diseases , 3 : 272 – 290 .
   Google Scholar
• Corzo , A , Moran , ET Jr , Hoehler , D and Zinner , B . 2005 . Tryptophan need of broiler males from 42 to 56 days of age . Poultry Science , 84 : 226 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Denbow , DM , Hobbs , FC , Hulet , RM , Graham , PP and Potter , LM . 1993 . Supplemental dietary L-Tryptophan effects on growth, meat quality, and brain catecholamine and indolamine concentrations in turkeys . British Poultry Science , 34 : 715 – 724 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elliot , RJ . 1984 . Ektachem DT-60 Analyzer . The Physician's Leading Computer Journal , 2 : 6
   Google Scholar
• Freeman , CP . 1979 . The tryptophan requirement of broiler chicks . British Poultry Science , 20 : 27 – 37 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzik , AC , Southern , LL , Bidner , TD and Kerr , BJ . 2002 . The tryptophan requirement of nursery pigs . Journal of Animal Science , 80 : 2646 – 2655 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamm , HE and Menaker , M . 1980 . Retinal rhythms in chicks: Circadian variation in melatonin and serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity . Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA , 77 : 4998 – 5002 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han , Y , Suzuki , H and Baker , DH . 1991 . Histidine and tryptophan requirement of growing chicks . Poultry Science , 70 : 2148 – 2153 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrison , L and D’Mello , JPF . 1986 . Large neutral amino acids in the diet and neurotransmitter concentrations in the chick brain . Proceeding of the Nutrition Society , 45 : 72A
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hunchar , JG and Thomas , OP . 1976 . The tryptophan requirement of male and female broilers during the 4–7 week period . Poultry Science , 55 : 379 – 383 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kidd , MT , Corzo , A , Hoehler , D , Kerr , BJ , Barber , SJ and Branton , SL . 2004 . Threonine needs for broiler chickens with different growth rates . Poultry Science , 83 : 1368 – 1375 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacy , MP , Van Krey , HP , Skewes , PA and Denbow , DM . 1986 . Tryptophan's influence on feeding and body temperature in the fowl . Poultry Science , 65 : 1193 – 1196 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee , SR and Britton , WM . 1982 . Effect of elevated dietary tryptophan on avian hypothalamic serotonin, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid and norepinephrine . Poultry Science , 61 : 1500 [abstract]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leibholz , J . 1981 . Tryptophane requirements of pigs between 28 and 56 days of age . Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , 32 : 845 – 850 .
   Google Scholar
• Llames , C and Fontaine , J . 1994 . Determination of amino acids in feeds: Collaborative study . Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists International , 77 : 1362 – 1402 .
   Google Scholar
• MacKenzie , ME , MacIsaac , JL and Rathgeber , BM . 2004 . Stress levels in broiler chickens provided dietary tryptophan . Poultry Science , 83 : S25 [abstract]
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Monroe , AD , Latimer , KS , Pesti , GM and Bakalli , RI . 2003 . Pathology and histology of dietary tryptophan deficiency in broiler chicks . Avian Diseases , 47 : 1393 – 1398 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrison , AB , Middleton , EJ and McLaughlan , JM . 1961 . Blood amino acid studies. II. Effects of dietary lysine concentration, sex, and growth rate on plasma free lysine and threonine levels in the rat . Canadian Journal of Medical Sciences , 39 : 1675 – 1680 .
   Google Scholar
• National Research Council 1994 Nutrient Requirements of Poultry 9th rev. edn Washington DC National Academy Press
   Google Scholar
• Newberry , RC and Blair , R . 1993 . Behavioral responses of broiler chickens to handling: Effects of dietary tryptophan and two lighting regimens . Poultry Science , 72 : 1237 – 1244 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puvadolpirod , S and Thaxton , JP . 2000 . Model of physiological stress in chickens 1. Response parameters . Poultry Science , 79 : 363 – 369 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rogers , SR and Pesti , GM . 1990 . The influence of dietary tryptophan on broiler chick growth and lipid metabolism as mediated by dietary protein levels . Poultry Science , 69 : 746 – 756 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosa , AP , Pesti , GM , Edwards , HM and Bakalli , R . 2001 . Tryptophan requirements of different broiler genotypes . Poultry Science , 80 : 1718 – 1722 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sainio , EL , Pulkki , K and Young , SN . 1996 . L-Tryptophan: Biochemical, nutritional and pharmacological aspects . Amino Acids , 10 : 21 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samarasinghe , K and Wenk , C . 1990 . Interrelationship between tryptophan and niacin in the nutrition of growing chickens . Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition , 64 : 113 – 118 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS Institute 1996 SAS User's Guide: Statistics Version 7.0 Cary NC Statistical Analysis Institute, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Shan , AS , Sterling , KG , Pesti , GM , Bakalli , RI , Driver , JP and Tejedor , AA . 2003 . The influence of temperature on the threonine and tryptophan requirements of young broiler chicks . Poultry Science , 82 : 1154 – 1162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shea , MM , Mench , JA and Thomas , OP . 1990 . The effect of dietary tryptophan on aggressive behavior in developing and mature broiler breeder males . Poultry Science , 69 : 1664 – 1669 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shea , MM , Douglas , LW and Mench , JA . 1991 . The interaction of dominance status and supplemental tryptophan on aggression in Gallus domesticus males . Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior , 38 : 587 – 591 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shea-Moore , MM , Thomas , OP and Mench , JA . 1996 . Decreases in aggression in tryptophan supplemented broiler breeder males are not due to increases in blood niacin levels . Poultry Science , 75 : 370 – 374 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , JH . 1968 . Blood cells and chemistry of young chickens during daily ACTH and cortisol administration . Poultry Science , 47 : 1811 – 1817 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , JH and Beane , WL . 1961 . Time responses to single intramuscular doses of ACTH in chickens . Poultry Science , 40 : 216 – 219 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Siegel , JH and Siegel , PB . 1966 . Genetic variations in responses to repeated administrations of ACTH and hydrocortisone in immature chickens . Poultry Science , 45 : 901 – 912 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , JE , Hingtgen , JN , Lane , JD and Aprison , MH . 1976 . Neurochemical correlates of behavior. Content of tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, tyrosine, dopamine and norepinephrine in a nerve ending fraction isolated from three brain areas of the pigeon during the period of behavioral depression following an injection of tryptophan . Journal of Neurochemistry , 27 : 747 – 751 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith , NJ Jr and Waldroup , PW . 1988 . Estimation of the tryptophan requirement of male broiler chickens . Poultry Science , 67 : 1174 – 1177 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steinhart , VH and Kirchgessner , M . 1984 . Investigations on the requirement of tryptophan for broilers . Archiv für Geflugelkunde , 48 : 150 – 155 .
   Google Scholar
• Wenk C Samarasinghe K Balmer I Haller B 1988 Adequate supply of tryptophan to growing chickens with respect to niacin VIII World's Poultry Congress Proceedings pp. 281–286
   Google Scholar
• Zimmerman , DR . 1975 . Tryptophan requirements of 5- to 15-kg pigs with semipractical pig starters . Journal of Animal Science , 40 : 875 – 879 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar