A multi-microbe probiotic formulation processed at low and high drying temperatures: effects on growth performance, nutrient retention and caecal microbiology of broilers

REFERENCES

• Aattouri , N and Lemonnier , D . 1997 . Production of interferon induced by Streptococcus thermophilus: role of CD 4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes . The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry , 8 : 25 – 31 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• An , BK , Cho , BL , You , SJ , Paik , HD , Chang , HI , Kim , SW , Yun , CW and Kang , CW . 2008 . Growth performance and antibody response of broiler chicks fed yeast β-glucan and single-strain probiotics . Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science , 21 : 1027 – 1032 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AOAC . 1995 . Official Methods of Analysis , 16th , Gaithersburg , MD : Association of Official Analytical Chemist .
   Google Scholar
• Apata , DF . 2008 . Growth performance, nutrient digestibility and immune response of broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with a culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 88 : 1253 – 1258 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , KL , Kho , WL , You , SH , Yeh , RH , Tang , SW and Hsieh , CW . 2009 . Effects of Bacillus subtilis var natto and Saccharomyces cerevisiae mixed fermented feed on the enhanced growth performance of broilers . Poultry Science , 88 : 309 – 315 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi , JY , Shinde , PL , Kwon , IK , Song , YH and Chae , BJ . 2009 . Effect of wood vinegar on the performance, nutrient digestibility and intestinal microflora in weanling pigs . Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science , 22 : 267 – 274 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi , JY , Kim , JS , Ingale , SL , Kim , KH , Shinde , PL , Kwon , IK and Chae , BJ . 2011 . Effect of potential multimicrobe probiotic product processed by high drying temperature and antibiotic on performance of weanling pigs . Journal of Animal Science , 89 : 1795 – 1804 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coconnier , MH , Bernet , MF , Chauvie`re , G and Servin , AL . 1993 . Adhering heat-killed human Lactobacillus acidophilus, strain LB, inhibits the process of pathogenicity of diarrhoeagenic bacteria in cultured human intestinal cells . Journal of Diarrhoeal Disease Research , 11 : 235 – 242 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Collins , JK , Thornton , G and O'sullivan , G . 1998 . Selection of probiotic strains for human applications . International Dairy Journal , 8 : 487 – 490 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenton , TW and Fenton , M . 1979 . An improved method for chromic oxide determination in feed and feces . Canadian Journal of Animal Science , 59 : 631 – 634 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuller , R . 1989 . Probiotics in man and animals . Journal of Applied Bacteriology , 66 : 365 – 378 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gao , J , Zhang , HJ , Yu , SH , Wu , SG , Yoon , I , Quigley , J , Gao , YP and Qi , GH . 2008 . Effects of yeast culture in broiler diets on performance and immunomodulatory functions . Poultry Science , 87 : 1377 – 1384 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao , J , Zhang , HJ , Wu , SG , Yu , SH , Yoon , I , Moore , D , Gao , YP , Yan , HJ and Qi , GH . 2009 . Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on immune functions of broilers challenged with Eimeria tenella . Poultry Science , 88 : 2141 – 2151 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holzapfel , WH , Haberer , P , Geisen , R , Bjorkroth , J and Schillinger , U . 2001 . Taxonomy and important features of probiotic microorganisms in food and nutrition . American Journal of Clinical Nutrition , 73 : 365 – 373 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang , MK , Choi , YJ , Houde , R , Lee , JW , Lee , B and Zhao , X . 2004 . Effects of lactobacilli and an acidophilic fungus on the production performance and immune responses in broiler chickens . Poultry Science , 83 : 788 – 795 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jin , LZ , Ho , YW , Abdullah , N and Jalaludin , S . 1996 . Influence of dried Bacillus subtilis and lactobacilli cultures on intestinal microflora and performance in broilers . Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science , 9 : 397 – 403 .
   Google Scholar
• Kim , JS , Ingale , SL , Kim , YW , Kim , KH , Sen , S , Ryu , MH , Lohakare , JD , Kwon , IK and Chae , BJ . 2011 . Effect of supplementation of multi-microbe probiotic product on growth performance, apparent digestibility, cecal microbiota and small intestinal morphology of broilers . Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition , doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2011.01187.x
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenen , ME , Kramer , J , Van der hulst , R , Heres , L , Jeurissen , SHM and Boersma , WJA . 2004 . Immunomodulation by probiotic lactobacilli in layer- and meat-type chickens . British Poultry Science , 45 : 355 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li , LL , Hou , ZP , Li , TJ , Wu , GY , Huang , RL , Tang , ZR , Yang , CB , Gong , J , Yu , H and Kong , XF . 2008 . Effects of dietary probiotic supplementation on ileal digestibility of nutrients and growth performance in 1 to 42-day-old broilers . Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture , 88 : 35 – 42 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mountzouris , KC , Tsirtsikos , P , Kalamara , E , Nitsch , S , Schatzmayr , G and Fegeros , K . 2007 . Evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Pediococcus strains in promoting broiler performance and modulating cecal microflora composition and metabolic activities . Poultry Science , 86 : 309 – 317 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mountzouris , KC , Balaskas , C , Xanthakos , I , Tzivinikou , A and Fegeros , K . 2009 . Effects of a multi-species probiotic on biomarkers of competitive exclusion efficacy in broilers challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis . British Poultry Science , 50 : 467 – 478 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mountzouris , KC , Tsirtsikos , P , Palamidi , I , Arvaniti , A , Mohnl , M , Schatzmayr , G and Fegeros , K . 2010 . Effects of probiotic inclusion levels in broiler nutrition on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma immunoglobulins, and cecal microflora composition . Poultry Science , 89 : 58 – 67 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC . 1994 . Nutrient Requirements of Poultry , 9th rev. , Washington , DC : National Academic Press .
   Google Scholar
• Ouwehand , AC and Salminen , SJ . 1998 . The health effects of cultured milk products with viable and non-viable bacteria . International Dairy Journal , 8 : 749 – 758 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patterson , JA and Burkholder , KM . 2003 . Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production . Poultry Science , 82 : 627 – 631 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross , RP , Desmond , C , Fitzgerald , GF and Stanton , C . 2005 . Overcoming the technological hurdles in the development of probiotic foods . Journal of Applied Microbiology , 98 : 1410 – 1417 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanders , ME and Veld , JH . 1999 . Bringing a probiotic containing functional food to the market: microbiological, product, regulatory and labeling issues . Antonie van Leeuwenhoek , 76 : 93 – 315 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santoso , U , Tanaka , K and Ohtania , S . 1995 . Effect of dried Bacillus subtilis culture on growth, body composition and hepatic lipogenic enzyme activity in female broiler chicks . British Journal of Nutrition , 74 : 523 – 529 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS . 1990 . SAS/STAT User's Guide: Statistics , Cary , NC : SAS Inst. Inc. .
   Google Scholar
• Scholten , RHJ , Van der Peet-schwering , CMC , Verstegen , MWA , Den Hartog , LA , Schrama , JW and Vesseur , PC . 1999 . Fermented co-products and fermented compound diets for pigs: a review . Animal Feed Science and Technology , 82 : 1 – 19 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shim , YH , Shinde , PL , Choi , JY , Kim , JS , Seo , DK , Pak , JI , Chae , BJ and Kwon , IK . 2010 . Evaluation of multi-microbial probiotics produced by submerged liquid and solid substrate fermentation methods in broilers . Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science , 23 : 521 – 529 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shkarupeta , MM , Korshunov , VM , Savenkova , VT and Pinegin , BV . 1988 . Influence of the oral administration of indigenous microorganisms on the resistance of mice to Salmonella infection . Zhurnal Mikrobiologii Epidemiologii Immunobiologii , 7 : 46 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Teo , AY and Tan , HM . 2007 . Evaluation of the performance and intestinal gut microflora of broilers fed on corn-soy diets supplemented with Bacillus subtilis PB6 (CloSTAT) . The Journal of Applied Poultry Research , 16 : 296 – 303 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Timmerman , HM , Koning , CJM , Mulder , L , Rombouts , FM and Beynen , AC . 2004 . Monostrain, multistrain and multispecies probiotics: A comparison of functionality and efficacy . International Journal of Food Microbiology , 96 : 219 – 233 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• To , BCS and Etzel , MR . 1997 . Survival of Brevibacterium linens (ATCC 9174) after spray-drying, freeze drying, or freezing . Journal of Food Science , 62 : 167 – 170 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tortuero , F . 1973 . Influence of the implantation of Lactobacillus acidophilus in chicks on the growth, feed conversion, malabsorption of fats syndrome and intestinal flora . Poultry Science , 52 : 197 – 203 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner , RD , Warner , T , Roberts , L , Farmer , J and Balish , E . 1997 . Colonization of congenitally immunodeficient mice with biotic bacteria . Infection and Immunity , 65 : 3345 – 3351 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar