Valine, isoleucine, arginine and glycine supplementation of low-protein diets for broiler chickens during the starter and grower phases

REFERENCES

• Aoac (2006) Official Methods of Analysis. 18th edn. (Gaithersburg, MD, AOAC Int.).
   Google Scholar
• Corzo, A. (2007) Valine and isoleucine: their importance in broiler feed formulation. Aminonews, 9: 15–21.
   Google Scholar
• Corzo, A., Dozier III, W.A., Loar, R.E., Kidd, M.T. & Tillman, P.B. (2010) Dietary limitation of isoleucine and valine in diets based on maize, soybean meal, and meat and bone meal for broiler chickens. British Poultry Science, 51: 558–563. doi:10.1080/00071668.2010.507242
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corzo, A., Fritts, C.A., Kidd, M.T. & Kerr, B.J. (2005) Response of broiler chicks to essential and non-essential amino acid supplementation of low crude protein diets. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 118: 319–327. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.11.007
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corzo, A., Kidd, M.T., Dozier III, W.A. & Vieira, S.L. (2007) Marginality and needs of dietary valine for broilers fed certain all-vegetable diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16: 546–554. doi:10.3382/japr.2007-00025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Corzo, A., Loar II, R.E. & Kidd, M.T. (2009) Limitations of dietary isoleucine and valine in broiler chick diets. Poultry Science, 88: 1934–1938. doi:10.3382/ps.2009-00109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean, D.W., Bidner, T.D. & Southern, L.L. (2006) Glycine supplementation to low protein, amino acid-supplemented diets supports optimal performance of broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 85: 288–296. doi:10.1093/ps/85.2.288
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dozier III, W.A., Corzo, A., Kidd, M.T., Tillman, P.B. & Branton, S.L. (2011) Determination of the fourth and 5th limiting amino acids of broilers fed diets containing maize, soybean meal, and poultry by-product meal from 28 to 42 days of age. British Poultry Science, 52: 238–244. doi:10.1080/00071668.2011.561282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dozier III, W.A., Tillman, P.B. & Usry, J. (2012) Interactive effects of digestible valine and isoleucine-to-lysine ratios provided to male broilers from 4 to 6 weeks of age. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 21: 838–848. doi:10.3382/japr.2012-00585
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferguson, N.S., Gates, R.S., Taraba, J.L., Cantor, A.H., Pescatore, A.J., Ford, M.J. & Burnham, D.J. (1998) The effect of dietary crude protein on growth, ammonia concentration, and litter composition in broilers. Poultry Science, 77: 1481–1487. doi:10.1093/ps/77.10.1481
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez, S.R., Aoyagi, S., Han, Y., Parsons, C.M. & Baker, D.H. (1994) Limiting order of amino acids in corn and soybean meal for growth of the chick. Poultry Science, 73: 1887–1896. doi:10.3382/ps.0731887
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Figueroa, J.L., Lewis, A.J., Miller, P.S., Fischer, R.L. & Diedrichsen, R.M. (2003) Growth, carcass traits, and plasma amino acid concentrations of gilts fed low-protein diets supplemented with amino acids including histidine, isoleucine, and valine. Journal of Animal Science, 81: 1529–1537.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Han, Y., Suzuki, H., Parsons, C.M. & Baker, D.H. (1992) Amino acid fortification of a low-protein corn and soybean meal diet for chicks. Poultry Science, 71: 1168–1178. doi:10.3382/ps.0711168
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hernandes, R. & Cazetta, J.O. (2001) Método simples e acessível para determinar amônia liberada pela cama aviária. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 30: 824–829. doi:10.1590/S1516-35982001000300030
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishihara, A., Kurahasi, K. & Uehara, H. (1972) Enzymatic determination of ammonia in blood and plasma. Clinica Chimica Acta, 41: 255–261. doi:10.1016/0009-8981(72)90519-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jiang, Q., Waldroup, P.W. & Fritts, C.A. (2005) Improving the utilization of diets low in crude protein for broiler chicken. 1. Evaluation of special amino acid supplementation to diets low in crude protein. International Journal of Poultry Science, 4: 115–122. doi:10.3923/ijps.2005.115.122
   Google Scholar
• Kidd, M.T. & Hackenhaar, L. (2006) Dietary threonine for broilers: dietary interactions and feed additive supplement use. CAB Reviews, 1: 1–6. doi:10.1079/PAVSNNR20061005
   Google Scholar
• Larbier, M. & Leclercq, B. (1994) Protein metabolism, in: Larbier, M. & Leclercq, B. (Eds) Nutrition and Feeding of Poultry, pp. 74–93 (Nottingham, Nottingham University Press).
   Google Scholar
• Liu, Z., Wang, L., Beasley, D.B. & Oviedo, E.O. (2007) Effect of moisture content on ammonia emissions from broiler litter: a laboratory study. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 58: 41–53. doi:10.1007/s10874-007-9076-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mackie, R.I., Stroot, P.G. & Varel, V.H. (1998) Biochemical identification and biological origin of key odor components in livestock waste. Journal of Animal Science, 76: 1331–1342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namroud, N.F., Shivazad, M. & Zaghari, M. (2008) Effects of fortifying low crude protein diet with crystalline amino acids on performance, blood ammonia level, and excreta characteristics of broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 87: 2250–2258. doi:10.3382/ps.2007-00499
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ospina-Rojas, I.C., Murakami, A.E., Eyng, C., Nunes, R.V., Duarte, C.R. & Vargas, M.D. (2012) Commercially available amino acid supplementation of low-protein diets for broiler chickens with different ratios of digestible glycine+serine:lysine. Poultry Science, 91: 3148–3155. doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ospina-Rojas, I.C., Murakami, A.E., Oliveira, C.A. & Guerra, A.F.Q.G. (2013) Supplemental glycine and threonine effects on performance, intestinal mucosa development, and nutrient utilization of growing broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 92: 2724–2731. doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03171
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oviedo-Rondón, E.O. (2008) Tecnologias para mitigar o impacto ambiental da produção de frangos de corte. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 37: 239–252. doi:10.1590/S1516-35982008001300028
   Google Scholar
• Rostagno, H.S., Albino, L.F.T., Donzele, J.L., Gomes, P.C., De Oliveira, R.F., Lopes, D.C., Ferreira, A.S., Barreto, S.L.T. & Euclides, R.F. (2011) Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine: Feed Composition and Nutritional Requirements. 3rd edn. (Vicosa, UFV).
   Google Scholar
• SAS Institute (2009) SAS Proprietary Software, Release 9.2 (Cary, NC, SAS Inst. Inc.).
   Google Scholar
• Taraba, J.L., Driver, R.H., Ross, I.J. & Lacey, R.E. (1980) Microbial protein production from anaerobically fermented poultry manure. Presented at 1980 Winter Meeting of ASAE, Paper No. 804548, ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI.
   Google Scholar
• Tietz, N.W. (1986) Fundamentals of clinical chemistry, in: Tietz, N.W. (Eds) Clinical Chemistry, pp. 803–824 (Philadelphia, PA, WB Saunders Co.).
   Google Scholar
• Waguespack, A.M., Powell, S., Bidner, T.D., Payne, R.L. & Southern, L.L. (2009b) Effect of incremental levels of L-lysine and determination of the limiting amino acids in low crude protein corn-soybean meal diets for broilers. Poultry Science, 88: 1216–1226. doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00452
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waguespack, A.M., Powell, S., Bidner, T.D. & Southern, L.L. (2009a) The glycine plus serine requirement of broiler chicks fed low-crude protein, corn-soybean meal diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 18: 761–765. doi:10.3382/japr.2009-00062
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wyss, M. & Kaddurah-Daouk, R. (2000) Creatine and creatinine metabolism. Physiological Reviews, 80: 1107–1213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan, J., Karimi, A., Zornes, S., Goodgame, S., Mussini, F., Lu, C. & Waldroup, P.W. (2012) Evaluation of the role of glycine in low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 21: 726–737. doi:10.3382/japr.2011-00388
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar