REFERENCES
- Adewusi, S.R.A., Ojumu, T.V. & Falade, O.S. (1999) The effect of processing on total organic acids’ content and mineral availability of simulated cassava-vegetable diets. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 53: 367–380. doi:10.1023/A:1008081217786.
- AOAC (2000) Official Methods of Analysis, in: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 16th ed. (Washington, DC, USA, AOAC International).
- AOAC. (2005) Official Methods of Analysis, in: Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 18th ed.. (Washington DC, USA, AOAC International).
- Bao, Y.M., Choct, M., Iji, P.A. & Bruerton, K. (2007) Effect of organically complexed copper, iron, manganese and zinc on broiler performance, mineral excretion and accumulation in tissues. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16: 448–455. doi:10.1093/japr/16.3.448.
- Bovee-Oudenhoden, I.M.J., Termont, D.S.M.L., Heidt, P.J. & Van Der Meer, R. (1997) Increasing the intestinal resistance of rats to the invasive pathogen Salmonella enteritidis: additive effects of dietary lactulose and calcium. Gut, 40: 497–504. doi:10.1136/gut.40.4.497.
- Das, A., Mishra, S.K., Swain, R.K., Sahoo, G., Behura, N.C., Sethi, K., Chichilichi, B., Mishra, S.R., Behera, T., Dhama, K. & Swain, P. (2014) Effect of organic minerals supplementation on growth, bioavailability and immunity in layer chicks. International Journal of Pharmacology, 10: 237–247. doi:10.3923/ijp.2014.237.247.
- Emmerson, D.A. (1997) Commercial approaches to genetic selection for growth and feed conversion in domestic poultry. Poultry Science, 76: 1121–1125. doi:10.1093/ps/76.8.1121.
- Fletcher, D.L. (2002) Poultry meat quality. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 58: 131–145. doi:10.1079/WPS20020013.
- Hazell, J. & Johnson, I.T. (1987) Effect of food processing and fruit juice on in vitro estimated iron availability from cereals, vegetables and fruits. Journal of Science of Food and Agriculture, 38: 78–82. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740380112.
- Hedemann, M.S., Mikkelsen, L.L., Naughton, P.J. & Jensen, B.B. (2005) Effect of feed particle size and feed processing on morphological characteristics in the small and large intestine of pigs and on adhesion of Salmonella enterica serovar TyphimuriumDT12 in the ileum in vitro. Journal of Animal Science, 83:1554–1562.
- Henry, P.R., Ammerman, C.B. & Littell, R.C. (1992) Relative bioavailability of manganese from a manganese-methionine complex and inorganic sources for ruminants. Journal of Dairy Science, 75: 3473–3478. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(92)78123-5.
- Hess, J.B., Bilgili, S.F., Parson, A.M. & Downs, K.M. (2001) Influence of complexed zinc products on live performance and carcass grade of broilers. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 19:49–60.
- Hojberg, O., Canibe, N., Poulsen, H.D., Hedemann, M.S. & Jensen, B.B. (2005) Influence of dietary zinc oxide and copper sulfate on the gastrointestinal ecosystem in newly weaned piglets. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 71: 2267–2277.
- Honikel, K.O. (1998) Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Science, 49: 447–457. doi:10.1016/S0309-1740(98)00034-5.
- Kauffman, R.G., Eikelenboom, G., Van Der Wal, P.G., Merkus, G.S.M. & Zaar, M. (1986) The use of filter paper to estimate drip loss of porcine musculature. Meat Science, 18: 191–200. doi:10.1016/0309-1740(86)90033-1.
- Leeson, S. (2003) A new look at trace mineral nutrition of poultry: can we reduce environmental burden of poultry manure? in: Lyons, T.P. & Jacques, K.A. (Eds) Nutritional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries, pp. 125–129 (Nottingham, United Kingdom, Nottingham University Press).
- Leeson, S. & Caston, L. (2008) Using minimal supplements of trace minerals as a method of reducing trace mineral content of poultry manure. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 142: 339–347. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.08.004.
- Nollet, L., Huyghebaert, G. & Spring, P. (2008) Effect of different levels of dietary organic (Bioplex) trace minerals on live performance of broiler chickens by growth phases. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 17: 109–115. doi:10.3382/japr.2007-00049.
- Nollet, L., Van Der Klis, J.D., Lensing, M. & Spring, P. (2007) The effect of replacing inorganic with organic trace minerals in broiler diets on productive performance and mineral excretion. The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16: 592–597. doi:10.3382/japr.2006-00115.
- National Research Council (NRC) (1994) Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th. rev. ed. (Washington DC, USA, National Academy Press).
- Okafor, N. (1977) Micro-organisms associated with cassava fermentation for garri production. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 42: 279–284. doi:10.1111/jam.1977.42.issue-2.
- Parak, T. & Strakova, E. (2011) Zinc as a feed supplement and its impact on plasma cholesterol concentrations in breeding cocks. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 80: 281–285. doi:10.2754/avb201180030281.
- Puvaca, N. & Stanacev, V. (2011) Selenium in poultry nutrition and its effect on meat quality. World’s Poultry Science Journal, 67: 479–484. doi:10.1017/S0043933911000523.
- Sanford, P.E. (1976) Zinc-methionine supplement lowers protein requirements for broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 55(Suppl.1): 2087.
- Sanford, P.E. & Kawchumnong, R. (1972) Organic chromium and zinc supplementation of broiler rations. Poultry Science, 51(Suppl.1): 1856–1857.
- Spackman, D.H., Stein, W.H. & Moore, S. (1958) Automatic recording apparatus for use in chromatography of amino acids. Analytical Chemistry, 30: 1190–1206. doi:10.1021/ac60139a006.
- Spears, J.W. (1996) Organic trace minerals in ruminant nutrition. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 58: 151–163. doi:10.1016/0377-8401(95)00881-0.
- Ward, J.D., Spears, J.W. & Kegley, E.B. (1996) Bioavailability of copper proteinate and copper carbonate relative to copper sulfate in cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 79: 127–132. doi:10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76343-9.
- Williams, C.H., David, D.J. & Lismaa, O. (1962) The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of Agricultural Science, 59: 381–385. doi:10.1017/S002185960001546X.
- Zhao, P.Y., Wang, J.P. & Kim, I.H. (2013) Evaluation of dietary fructan supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, fecal microbial flora, and fecal noxious gas emission in finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 91: 5280–5286. doi:10.2527/jas.2012-5393.
- Zhou, Z.A., Xu, Z., Finch, J.A., Hu, H. & Rao, S.R. (1997) Role of hydrodynamic cavitation in fine particle flotation. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 51: 139–149. doi:10.1016/S0301-7516(97)00026-4.