Effects of a blend of essential oils and overcrowding stress on the growth performance, meat quality and heat shock protein gene expression of broilers

References

• Abudabos, A. M., E. M. Samara, E. O. S. Hussein, M. Q. Al-Ghadi, and R. M. Al-Atiyat. 2013. “Impacts of Stocking Density on the Performance and Welfare of Broiler Chickens.” Italian Journal of Animal Science 12: 66–71.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aksakal, E., D. Ekinici, O. Erdogan, S. Beydemir, Z. Alim, and S. B. Ceyhun. 2011. “Increasing Stocking Density Causes Inhibition of Metabolic– Antioxidant Enzymes and Elevates mRNA Levels of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Rainbow Trout.” Livestock Science 141: 69–75. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2011.07.006.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alipour, F., A. Hassanabadi, A. Golian, and H. Nassiri-Moghaddam. 2015. “Effect of Plant Extracts Derived from Thyme on Male Broiler Performance.” Poultry Science 94: 3630–3634. doi:10.3382/ps/pev220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnett, J. L., M. E. Edge, L. Thomson, M. Mackenzie, G. Sansom, and V. Kite. 2008. National Animal Welfare Standards for the Chicken Meat Industry, the Standards. Australian Poultry CRC Pty Ltd., Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Botsoglou, N. A., P. Florou-Paner, E. Christaki, D. J. Fletouris, and A. B. Spais. 2002. “Effect of Dietary Oregano Essential Oil on Performance of Chickens and on Iron-Induced Lipid Oxidation of Breast, Thigh and Abdominal Fat Tissues.” British Poultry Science 43: 223–230. doi:10.1080/00071660120121436.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cengiz, Ö., B. H. Köksal, O. Tatli, Ö. Sevim, U. Ahsan, A. G. Üner, P. A. Ulutas, et al. 2015. “Effect of Dietary Probiotic and High Stocking Density on the Performance, Carcass Yield, Gut Microflora, and Stress Indicators of Broilers.” Poultry Science 94: 2395–2403. doi:10.3382/ps/pev194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage). 1976. Recommendations on Uniform Colour Spacescolor Difference Equations, Psychometric Color Terms. Suppl. 2 To CIE Publication No. 15 (E-1.3.1.) 1978, 1971/(TC-1-3). Paris, France: Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage.
   Google Scholar
• Fanatico, A. C., P. B. Pillai, J. L. Emmert, and C. M. Owens. 2007. “Meat Quality of Slow-Growing Chicken Genotypes Fed Low-Nutrient or Standard Diets and Raised Indoor or with Outdoor Access.” Poultry Science 86: 2245–2255. doi:10.1093/ps/86.10.2245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feddes, J. J. R., E. J. Emmanuel, and M. J. Zuidhof. 2002. “Broiler Performance, Body Weight Variance, Feed and Water Intake, and Carcass Quality at Different Stocking Densities.” Poultry Science 81: 774–779. doi:10.1093/ps/81.6.774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gomes, A. V. S., W. M. Quinteiro-Filho, A. Ribeiro, V. Ferrazde-Paula, M. L. Pinheiro, E. Baskeville, A. T. Akamine, C. S. Astolfi-Ferreira, A. J. P. Ferreira, and J. Palermo-Neto. 2014. “Overcrowding Stress Decreases Macrophage Activity and Increases Salmonella Enteritidis Invasion in Broiler Chickens.” Avian Pathology 43: 82–90. doi:10.1080/03079457.2013.874006.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hao, Y., X. H. Gu, and X. L. Wang. 2012. “Overexpression of Heat Shock Protein 70 and Its Relationship to Intestine under Acute Heat Stress in Broilers: 1.” Intestinal Structure and Digestive Function, Poultry Science 91: 781–789.
   Google Scholar
• Hashemipour, H., H. Kermanshahi, A. Golian, and T. Veldkamp. 2013. “Effect of Thymol and Carvacrol Feed Supplementation on Performance, Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, Fatty Acid Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Immune Response in Broiler Chickens.” Poultry Science 92: 2059–2069. doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02685.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horn, K. G., C. A. Gedris, and K. M. Rodney. 1996. “Selective Isolation of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci.” Journal of Clinical Microbiology 34: 924–927.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosseini, S. M., H. Nazarizadeh, S. Ahani, and M. Vakili-Azghandi. 2016. “Effects of Mannan Oligosaccharide and Curcuma Xanthorrhiza Essential Oil on Intestinal Morphology and Stress Indicators of Broilers Subjected to Cyclic Heat Stress.” Archives Animal Breeding 59: 285–291. doi:10.5194/aab-59-285-2016.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Houshmand, M., K. Azhar, I. Zulkifli, M. H. Bejo, and A. Kamyab. 2012. “Effects of Prebiotic, Protein Level, and Stocking Density on Performance, Immunity, and Stress Indicators of Broilers.” Poultry Science 91: 393–401. doi:10.3382/ps.2010-01050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, K. W., H. Everts, H. J. Kappert, and A. C. Beynen. 2004. “Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens Fed a Carboxymethyl Cellulose Containing Diet with Supplemental Carvacrol And/Or Cinnamaldehyde.” International Journal of Poultry Science 3: 619–622. doi:10.3923/ijps.2004.619.622.
   Google Scholar
• Munck, A., P. M. Guyre, and N. J. Holbrook. 1984. “Physiological Functions of Glucocorticoids in Stress and Their Relation to Pharmacological Actions.” Endocrine Reviews 5: 25–44. doi:10.1210/edrv-5-1-25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najafi, P., I. Zulkifli, N. A. Jajuli, A. S. Farjam, S. K. Ramiah, A. A. Amir, E. O’reily, and D. Eckersall. 2015. “Environmental Temperature and Stocking Density Effects on Acute Phase Proteins, Heat Shock Protein 70, Circulating Corticosterone and Performance in Broiler Chickens.” International Journal of Biometeorology 59: 1577–1583. doi:10.1007/s00484-015-0964-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev ed. Washington, DC,: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Osman, A. M. A. 1993. “Effect of the Stocking Rate on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Male Peking Ducks.” Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics 94: 147–156.
   Google Scholar
• Post, J., J. M. Rebel, and A. A. Huurne. 2003. “Physiological Effects of Elevated Plasma Corticosterone Concentrations in Broiler Chickens. An Alternative Means by Which to Assess the Physiological Effects of Stress.” Poultry Science 82: 1313–1318. doi:10.1093/ps/82.8.1313.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS Institute. 2000. User’s Guide: Statistics. Cary: Statistical Analysis Systems Institute.
   Google Scholar
• Silva, F. V., A. G. Guimaraes, E. R. Silva, B. P. Sousa-Neto, F. D. Machado, L. J. Quintans-Junior, D. D. Arcanjo, F. A. Oliveira, and R. C. Oliveira. 2012. “Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Ulcer Activities of Carvacrol, a Monoterpene Present in the Essential Oil of Oregano.” Journal of Medicinal Food 15: 984–991. doi:10.1089/jmf.2012.0102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soleimani, A. F., I. Zulkifli, M. Hair-Bejo, M. Ebrahimi, S. D. Jazayeri, S. R. Hashemi, A. Meimandipour, and Y. M. Goh. 2012. “Epigenetic Modification: Possible Approach to Reduce Salmonella Enterica Serovar Enteritidis Susceptibility under Stress Conditions.” Avian Pathology 41: 351–354. doi:10.1080/03079457.2012.691155.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Symeon, G. K., A. Athanasiou, N. Lykos, M. A. Charismiadou, M. Goliomytis, N. Demiris, A. Ayoutanti, P. E. Simitzis, and S. G. Deligeorgis. 2014. “The Effects of Dietary Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) Oil Supplementation on Broiler Feeding Behaviour, Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality Characteristics.” Annals of Animal Science 14: 883–895. doi:10.2478/aoas-2014-0047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tong, H. B., J. Lu, J. M. Zou, Q. Wang, and S. R. Shi. 2012. “Effects of Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield, and Immune Status of a Local Chicken Breed.” Poultry Science 91: 667–673. doi:10.3382/ps.2011-01597.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vargas-Rodriguez, L. M., L. A. Duran-Melendez, J. A. Garcia- Masias, J. L. Arcos-Garcia, B. M. Joaquin-Torres, and M. G. Ruelas-Inzunza. 2013. “Effect of Probiotic and Population Density on the Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Broiler Chickens.” International Journal of Poultry Science 12: 390–395. doi:10.3923/ijps.2013.390.395.
   Google Scholar
• Wiebicki, E., and F. E. Deatherage. 1958. “Determination of Water Holding Capacity of Fresh Meats.” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 6: 387–392. doi:10.1021/jf60087a011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young, J. F., J. Stagsted, I. S. Jensen, A. H. Karlsson, and P. Henchel. 2003. “Ascorbic Acid, Α-Tocopherol and Oregano Supplements Reduce Stress-Induced Deterioration of Chicken Meat Quality.” Poultry Science 82: 1343–1351. doi:10.1093/ps/82.8.1343.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao, J. P., H. C. Jiao, Y. B. Jiang, Z. G. Song, X. J. Wang, and H. Lin. 2013. “Cool Perches Improve the Growth Performance and Welfare Status of Broiler Chickens Reared at Different Stocking Densities and High Temperatures.” Poultry Science 92: 1962–1971. doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02933.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar