1,099
Views
28
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Nutrition & Metabolism

The effect of dietary energy:protein ratio, protein quality and food allocation on the efficiency of utilisation of protein by broiler chickens

ORCID Icon, &
Pages 100-109 | Received 18 Apr 2017, Accepted 29 Aug 2017, Published online: 24 Jan 2018

References

  • Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). 2004. Official Methods of Analysis, Volume 2. 18th ed. Arlington, VA: AOAC.
  • AVIAGEN. 2010. “Feed programmes for B.U.T. Commercial Turkeys.” Accessed April 2016. http://aviagenturkeys.us/uploads/2015/11/19/ati_commercial_feeding_recommendations_2010.pdf
  • Boomgaardt, J., and D. H. Baker. 1971. “Tryptophan Requirement of Growing Chicks as Affected by Dietary Protein Level.” Journal of Animal Science 3: 595–599. doi:10.2527/jas1971.333595x.
  • Burnham, D., G. C. Emmans, and R. M. Gous. 1992. “Isoleucine Responses in Broiler Chickens. Interactions with Leucine and Valine.” British Poultry Science 33: 71–87. doi:10.1080/00071669208417445.
  • Campbell, R. G. 1988. “Nutritional Constraints to Lean Tissue Accretion in Farm Animals.” Nutrition Research Reviews 1: 233–253. doi:10.1079/NRR19880016.
  • Campbell, R. G., and A. C. Dunkin. 1983. “The Effects of Energy Intake and Dietary Protein on Protein Retention, Growth Performance, Body Composition and Some Aspects of Energy Metabolism of Baby Pigs.” British Journal of Nutrition 49: 221–230. doi:10.1079/BJN19830029.
  • Campbell, R. G., M. R. Taverner, and D. M. Curic. 1985a. “The Influence of Feeding Level on the Protein Requirement of Pigs between 20 and 45 kg Liveweight.” Animal Production 40: 489–496. doi:10.1017/S0003356100040186.
  • Campbell, R. G., M. R. Taverner, and D. M. Curic. 1985b. “Effect of Sex and Energy Intake between 48 and 90 kg Live Weight on Protein Deposition in Growing Pigs.” Animal Production 40: 497–503. doi:10.1017/S0003356100040198.
  • Clark, F. A., R. M. Gous, and T. R. Morris. 1982. “Response of Broilers to Well Balanced Protein Mixtures.” British Poultry Science 23: 433–446. doi:10.1080/00071688208447976.
  • D’mello, J. F. P. 1975. “Amino Acid Requirements of the Young Turkey: Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine.” British Poultry Science 16: 607–615. doi:10.1080/00071667508416236.
  • EFG Software. 1995. “Broiler Growth Model.” Accessed April 15 2016. http://efgsoftware.net
  • Emmans, G. C. 1981. “A Model of the Growth and Feed Intake of Ad Libitum Fed Animals, Particularly Poultry.” In Computers in Animal Production, edited by G. M. Hillyer, C. T. Whittemore, and R. G. Gunn, 103–110. Edinburgh, UK: Occasional Publication No. 5. British Society of Animal Production.
  • Emmans, G. C. 1989. “The Growth of Turkeys.” In Recent Advances in Turkey Science, Poultry Science Symposium number 21, edited by C. Nixey and T. C. Grey, 135–166. London: Butterworths.
  • Emmans, G. C. 1994. “Effective Energy – a Concept of Energy Utilisation Applied across Species.” British Journal of Nutrition 71: 801–821. doi:10.1079/BJN19940188.
  • Emmans, G. C., and C. Fisher. 1986. “Problems in Nutritional Theory.” In Nutrient Requirements of Poultry and Nutritional Research, edited by C. Fisher and K. N. Boorman, 9–39. London: Butterworths.
  • Freeman, C. P. 1979. “The Tryptophan Requirement of Broiler Chicks.” British Poultry Science 20: 27–37. doi:10.1080/00071667908416546.
  • Fuller, M. F., and T. C. Wang. 1990. “Digestible Ideal Protein – a Measure of Dietary Protein Value.” Pig News and Information 11: 353–357.
  • Gous, R. M., G. C. Emmans, L. A. Broadbent, and C. Fisher. 1990. “Nutritional Effects on the Growth and Fatness of Broilers.” British Poultry Science 31: 495–505. doi:10.1080/00071669008417281.
  • Gous, R. M., and T. R. Morris. 1985. “Evaluation of a Diet Dilution Technique for Measuring the Response of Broiler Chickens to Increasing Concentrations of Lysine.” British Poultry Science 26: 147–161. doi:10.1080/00071668508416799.
  • Hewitt, D., and D. Lewis. 1972. “The Amino Acid Requirements of the Growing Chick. 1. Determination of Amino Acid Requirements.” British Poultry Science 13: 449–463. doi:10.1080/00071667208415973.
  • Janssen, W. M. M., K. Terpstra, F. F. E. Beeking, and A. J. N. Bisalsky. 1982. In Feeding Values for Poultry, 37–53. The Netherlands: Spelderholt Institute for Poultry Research.
  • Kyriazakis, I., and G. C. Emmans. 1992a. “The Effects of Varying Protein and Energy Intakes on the Growth and Body Composition of Pigs: 1. The Effects of Energy Intake at Constant, High Protein Intake.” British Journal of Nutrition 68: 603–613. doi:10.1079/BJN19920119.
  • Kyriazakis, I., and G. C. Emmans. 1992b. “The Effects of Varying Protein and Energy Intakes on the Growth and Body Composition of Pigs: 2. The Effects of Varying Both Energy and Protein Intake.” British Journal of Nutrition 68: 615–625. doi:10.1079/BJN19920120.
  • Lewis, D. 1965. “The Concept of Agent and Target in Amino Acid Interactions.” Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 24: 196–202. doi:10.1079/PNS19650034.
  • Mcnab, J. M., and C. Fisher. 1984. “An Assay for True and Apparent Metabolisable Energy.” In Proceedings XVII World’s Poultry Congress, Helsinki, 374–376. World's Poultry Science Association.
  • Morris, T. R., K. Al-Azzawi, R. M. Gous, and G. L. Simpson. 1987. “Effects of Protein Concentration on Responses to Dietary Lysine by Chicks.” British Poultry Science 28: 185–195. doi:10.1080/00071668708416952.
  • Morris, T. R., R. M. Gous, and C. Fisher. 1999. “An Analysis of the Hypothesis that Amino Acid Requirements for Chicks Should Be Stated as a Proportion of Dietary Protein.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 55: 7–22. doi:10.1079/WPS19990002.
  • Morris, T. R., and D. Njuru. 1990. “Protein Requirement of Fast- and Slow-Growing Chicks.” British Poultry Science 31: 803–809. doi:10.1080/00071669008417311.
  • Rosebrough, R. W., and N. C. Steele. 1985. “Energy and Protein Relationships in the Broiler. 1. Effect of Protein Levels and Feeding Regimens on Growth, Body Composition, and in Vitro Lipogenesis of Broiler Chicks.” Poultry Science 64: 119–126. doi:10.3382/ps.0640119.
  • Van Milgen, J., and J. Noblet. 2003. “Partitioning of Energy Intake to Heat, Protein, and Fat in Growing Pigs.” Journal of Animal Science 81 (E. Suppl. 2): E86–E93.
  • VSN International. 2012. Genstat Version 7. Hemel Hempstead, UK: VSNI.
  • Wethli, E., T. R. Morris, and T. P. Shresta. 1975. “The Effect of Feeding High Levels of Low Quality Proteins Too Growing Chickens.” British Journal of Nutrition 34: 363–373. doi:10.1017/S0007114575000426.
  • Woodham, A. A., and P. S. Deans. 1975. “Amino Acid Requirements of Growing Chickens.” British Poultry Science 16: 269–287. doi:10.1080/00071667508416188.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.