1,324
Views
54
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Nutrition & Metabolism

The relevance of glycine and serine in poultry nutrition: a review

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon
Pages 579-588 | Received 11 Mar 2019, Accepted 26 Apr 2019, Published online: 21 Jun 2019

References

  • Aftab, U., M. Ashraf, and Z. Jiang. 2006. “Low Protein Diets for Broilers.” World’s Poultry Science Journal 62: 688–701. doi:10.1079/WPS2005121.
  • Akrabawi, S. S., and F. H. Kratzer. 1968. “Effects of Arginine or Serine on the Requirement for Glycine by the Chick.” Journal of Nutrition 95: 41–48. doi:10.1093/jn/95.1.41.
  • Almquist, H. J., and E. Mecchi. 1940. “Identification of the Rice Factor. The Essential Nature of the Glycine Component.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 135: 355–356.
  • Almquist, H. J., E. Mechi, and F. H. Kratzer. 1941. “Creatine Formation in the Chick.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 141: 365–373.
  • Almquist, H. J., E. L. R. Stokstad, E. Mecchi, and P. D. V. Manning. 1940. “Identification of the Rice Factor.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 134: 213–216.
  • Alzawqari, M., H. Kermanshahi, and H. Nassiri Moghaddam. 2010. “The Effect of Glycine and Desiccated Ox Bile Supplementation on Performance, Fat Digestibility, Blood Chemistry and Ileal Digesta Viscosity of Broiler Chickens.” Global Veterinaria 5: 187–194.
  • Aneja, V. P., W. H. Schlesinger, and J. W. Erisman. 2009. “Effects of Agriculture upon the Air Quality and Climate: Research, Policy, and Regulations.” Environmental Science & Technology 43: 4234–4240. doi:10.1021/es8024403.
  • Austic, R. E., and M. C. Nesheim. 1972. “Arginine and Creatine Interrelationships in the Chick.” Poultry Science 51: 1098–1105. doi:10.3382/ps.0511098.
  • Aviagen. 2014. Ross 308 Broiler Nutrition Specifications. Midlothian, UK./
  • Awad, E. A., I. Zulkifli, A. F. Soleimani, and T. C. Loh. 2015. “Individual Non-Essential Amino Acids Fortification of a Low-Protein Diet for Broilers under the Hot and Humid Tropical Climate.” Poultry Science 94: 2772–2777. doi:10.3382/ps/pev258.
  • Baker, D. H. 2009. “Advances in Protein-Amino Acid Nutrition of Poultry.” Amino Acids 37: 29–41. doi:10.1007/s00726-008-0198-3.
  • Baker, D. H., M. Sugahara, and H. M. Scott. 1968. “The Glycine-Serine Interrelationship in Chick Nutrition.” Poultry Science 47: 1376–1377. doi:10.3382/ps.0471376.
  • Ballevre, O., A. Cadenhead, A. G. Calder, W. D. Rees, G. E. Lobley, M. F. Fuller, and P. J. Garlick. 1990. “Quantitative Partition of Threonine Oxidation in Pigs. Effect of Dietary Threonine.” The American Journal of Physiology 259: E483–491. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1990.259.4.E483.
  • Belloir, P., B. Méda, W. Lambert, E. Corrent, H. Juin, M. Lessire, and S. Tesseraud. 2017. “Reducing the CP Content in Broiler Feeds. Impact on Animal Performance, Meat Quality and Nitrogen Utilization.” Animal 11: 1881–1889. doi:10.1017/S1751731117000660.
  • Berg, J. M., J. L. Tymoczko, L. Stryer, and G. J. Gatto. 2013. Biochemie. Berlin: Springer Spektrum.
  • Bloch, K., and R. Schoenheimer. 1941. “The Biological Precursors of Creatine.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 138: 167–194.
  • Bloomfield, R. A., A. A. Letter, and R. P. Wilson. 1969. “The Effect of Glycine on Ammonia Intoxication and Uric Acid Biosynthesis in the Avion Species.” Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 129: 196–201. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(69)90166-0.
  • Bregendahl, K., J. L. Sell, and D. R. Zimmerman. 2002. “Effect of Low-Protein Diets on Growth Performance and Body Composition of Broiler Chicks.” Poultry Science 81: 1156–1167. doi:10.1093/ps/81.8.1156.
  • Christensen, K. D., N. G. Zimmerman, C. L. Wyatt, T. N. Goodman, R. J. Buhr, and P. Twining. 1994. “Dietary and Environmental Factors Affecting Skin Strength in Broiler Chickens.” Poultry Science 73: 224–235. doi:10.3382/ps.0730224.
  • Corzo, A., C. A. Fritts, M. T. Kidd, and B. J. Kerr. 2005. “Response of Broiler Chicks to Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acid Supplementation of Low Crude Protein Diets.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 118: 319–327. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.11.007.
  • Corzo, A., M. T. Kidd, W. A. Dozier III, and B. J. Kerr. 2009. “Dietary Glycine and Threonine Interactive Effects in Broilers.” Journal of Applied Poultry Science 18: 79–84. doi:10.3382/japr.2008-00078.
  • Davis, A. J., and R. E. Austic. 1994. “Dietary Threonine Imbalance Alters Threonine Dehydrogenase Activity in Isolated Hepatic Mitochondria of Chicks and Rats.” Journal of Nutrition 124: 1667–1677. doi:10.1093/jn/124.9.1667.
  • Dean, D. W., T. D. Bidner, andL. L. Southern. 2006. “Glycine Supplementation to Low Protein, Amino Acid-Supplemented Diets Supports Optimal Performance of Broiler Chicks.” Poultry Science 85: 288–296. doi:10.1093/ps/85.2.288.
  • DeGroot, A. A., U. Braun, and R. N. Dilger. 2018. “Efficacy of Guanidinoacetic Acid on Growth and Muscle Energy Metabolism in Broiler Chicks Receiving Arginine-Deficient Diets.” Poultry Science 97: 890–900. doi:10.3382/ps/pex378.
  • Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft. 2017. DLG Merkblatt 406 - Haltung von Masthühnern. Frankfurt am Main: DLG-Verlag.
  • Dilger, R. N., K. Bryant-Angeloni, R. L. Payne, A. Lemme, and C. M. Parsons. 2013. “Dietary Guanidino Acetic Acid Is an Efficacious Replacement for Arginine for Young Chicks.” Poultry Science 92: 171–177. doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02425.
  • Dilger, R. N., T. A. Garrow, and D. H. Baker. 2007. “Betaine Can Partially Spare Choline in Chicks but Only When Added to Diets Containing a Minimal Level of Choline.” Journal of Nutrition 137: 2224–2228. doi:10.1093/jn/137.10.2224.
  • Evonik. 2016. AminoDat® 5.0. Hanau, Germany: Platinum. Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Animal Nutrition.
  • Fatufe, A. A., F. Hirche, and M. Rodehutscord. 2005. “Estimates of Individual Factors of the Tryptophan Requirement Based on Protein and Tryptophan Accretion Responses to Increasing Tryptophan Supply in Broiler Chickens 8-21 Days of Age.” Archives of Animal Nutrition 59: 181–190. doi:10.1080/17450390500147925.
  • Fatufe, A. A., and M. Rodehutscord. 2005. “Growth, Body Composition, and Marginal Efficiency of Methionine Utilization are Affected by Nonessential Amino Acid Nitrogen Supplementation in Male Broiler Chicken.” Poultry Science 84: 1584–1592. doi:10.1093/ps/84.10.1584.
  • Fatufe, A. A., R. Timmler, and M. Rodehutscord. 2004. “Response to Lysine Intake in Composition of Body Weight Gain and Efficiency of Lysine Utilization of Growing Male Chickens from Two Genotypes.” Poultry Science 83: 1314–1324. doi:10.1093/ps/83.8.1314.
  • Fazeni, K., and H. Steinmüller. 2011. “Impact of Changes in Diet on the Availability of Land, Energy Demand, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Agriculture.” Energy, Sustainability and Society 1: 6. doi:10.1186/2192-0567-1-6.
  • Featherston, W. R. 1975. “Relative Utilization of Serine and Glycine by Chicks.” Poultry Science 54: 257–262. doi:10.3382/ps.0540257.
  • Fisher, H., H. M. Scott, and C. Johnson. 1955. “The Role of Glycine in Chick Nutrition.” Journal of Nutrition 55: 415–430. doi:10.1093/jn/55.3.415.
  • Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie. 1999. Empfehlungen zur Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung der Legehennen und Masthühner (Broiler). Frankfurt am Main: DLG-Verlag.
  • Goldstein, D. L., and E. Skadhauge. 2000. “Renal and Extrarenal Regulation of Body Fluid Composition.” In Sturkie’s Avian Physiology, edited by G. C. Whittow, 265–297. San Diego: Academic Press.
  • Gomide, E. M., P. B. Rodrigues, M. G. Zangeronimo, A. G. Bertechini, L. M. D. Santos, and R. R. Alvarenga. 2011. “Nitrogen, Calcium and Phosphorus Balance of Broilers Fed Diets with Phytase and Crystalline Amino Acids.” Ciência E Agrotecnologia 35: 591–597. doi:10.1590/S1413-70542011005000003.
  • Han, Y.-K., and P. A. Thacker. 2011. “Influence of Energy Level and Glycine Supplementation on Performance, Nutrient Digestibility and Egg Quality in Laying Hens.” Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 24: 1447–1455. doi:10.5713/ajas.2011.11123.
  • Hegsted, D. M., G. M. Briggs, C. A. Elvehjem, and E. B. Hart. 1941. “The Rôle of Arginine and Glycine in Chick Nutrition.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 140: 191–200.
  • Hofmann, A. F., L. R. Hagey, and M. D. Krasowski. 2010. “Bile Salts of Vertebrates. Structural Variation and Possible Evolutionary Significance.” Journal of Lipid Research 51: 226–246. doi:10.1194/jlr.R000042.
  • Hofmann, P., W. Siegert, Á. Kenéz, V. D. Naranjo, and M. Rodehutscord. 2019. “Effect of Very Low Crude Protein and Varying Glycine Equivalent Concentrations in the Diet on Growth Performance, Excreta Characteristics and Blood Metabolome of Broiler Chickens.” Journal of Nutrition ( accepted manuscript). doi:10.1093/JN/nxz022.
  • Kriseldi, R., P. B. Tillman, Z. Jiang, and W. A. Dozier III. 2018. “Effects of Feeding Reduced Crude Protein Diets on Growth Performance, Nitrogen Excretion, and Plasma Uric Acid Concentration of Broiler Chicks during the Starter Period.” Poultry Science 97: 1614–1626. doi:10.3382/ps/pex395.
  • Lambert, W., M. Rovers, J. Ensink, S. Tesseraud, E. Corrent, L. de Lange, and L. Star. 2015. “Interaction between Threonine and Glycine at Low Dietary Crude Protein and the Effect on Production Performance, Meat Quality and Plasma Metabolites in Broilers.” In Proceedings of the 20th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition 24-27 August 2015, Prague, Czech Republic, 231. Brno: Tribun EU. ISSN 978-80-263-0967-3.
  • Liu, Z., L. Wang, D. Beasley, and E. Oviedo. 2007. “Effect of Moisture Content on Ammonia Emissions from Broiler Litter. A Laboratory Study.” Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 58: 41–53. doi:10.1007/s10874-007-9076-8.
  • Lowry, M., D. E. Hall, and J. T. Brosnan. 1985. “Hydroxyproline Metabolism by the Rat Kidney. Distribution of Renal Enzymes of Hydroxyproline Catabolism and Renal Conversion of Hydroxyproline to Glycine and Serine.” Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental 34: 955–961. doi:10.1016/0026-0495(85)90145-3.
  • Martínes-Lagos, J., F. Salazar, M. Alfaro, and T. Misselbrook. 2013. “Ammonia Volatilization following Dairy Slurry Application to a Permanent Grassland on a Volcanic Soil.” Atmospheric Environment 80: 226–231. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.005.
  • Meléndez-Hevia, E., P. de Paz-Lugo, A. Cornish-Bowden, and M. L. Cárdenas. 2009. “A Weak Link in Metabolism: The Metabolic Capacity for Glycine Biosynthesis Does Not Satisfy the Need for Collagen Synthesis.” Journal of Biosciences 34: 853–872. doi:10.1007/s12038-009-0100-9.
  • Montage, L., C. Piel, and J. P. Lallès. 2004. “Effect of Diet on Mucin Kinetics and Composition: Nutrition and Health Implications.” Nutrition Reviews 62: 105–114. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2004.tb00031.x.
  • Namroud, N. F., M. Shivazad, and M. Zaghari. 2010. “Impact of Dietary Crude Protein and Amino Acids Status on Performance and Some Excreta Characteristics of Broiler Chicks during 10-28 Days of Age.” Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 94: 280–286. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00907.x.
  • National Research Council. 1960. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/20687.
  • National Research Council. 1994. Nutrient Requirements of Poultry. 9th ed. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/2114.
  • Ospina-Rojas, I. C., A. E. Murakami, C. Eyng, R. V. Nunes, C. R. A. Duarte, and M. D. Vargas. 2012. “Commercially Available Amino Acid Supplementation of Low-Protein Diets for Broiler Chickens with Different Ratios of Digestible Glycine+Serine: Lysine.” Poultry Science 91: 3148–3155. doi:10.3382/ps.2012-02470.
  • Ospina-Rojas, I. C., A. E. Murakami, C. A. L. Oliveira, and A. F. Q. G. Guerra. 2013b. “Supplemental Glycine and Threonine Effects on Performance, Intestinal Mucosa Development, and Nutrient Utilization of Growing Broiler Chickens.” Poultry Science 92: 2724–2731. doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03171.
  • Ospina-Rojas, I. C., A. E. Murakami, C. R. A. Duarte, C. Eyng, C. A. L. Olivera, and V. Janeiro. 2014. “Valine, Isoleucine, Arginine and Glycine Supplementation of Low-Protein Diets for Broiler Chickens during the Starter and Grower Phases.” British Poultry Science 55: 766–773. doi:10.1080/00071668.2014.970125.
  • Ospina-Rojas, I. C., A. E. Murakami, I. Moreira, K. P. Picoli, R. J. B. Rodrigueiro, and A. C. Furlan. 2013a. “Dietary Glycine+Serine Responses of Male Broilers Given Low-Protein Diets with Different Concentrations of Threonine.” British Poultry Science 54: 486–493. doi:10.1080/00071668.2013.794257.
  • Powell, S., T. D. Bidner, and L. L. Southern. 2011. “Effects of Glycine Supplementation at Varying Levels of Methionine and Cystine on the Growth Performance of Broilers Fed Reduced Crude Protein Diets.” Poultry Science 90: 1023–1027. doi:10.3382/ps.2010-01247.
  • Ringel, J., A. Lemme, A. Knox, J. McNab, and M. S. Redshaw. 2007. “Effects of Graded Levels of Creatine and Guanidino Acetic Acid in Vegetable-Based Diets on Performance and Biochemical Parameters in Muscle Tissue.” In Proceedings of the 16th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition. 26-30 August 2007, Strasbourg, France, 387–390.
  • Robel, E. J. 1977. “A Feather Abnormality in Chicks Fed Diets Deficient in Certain Amino Acids.” Poultry Science 56: 1968–1971. doi:10.3382/ps.0561968.
  • Rodehutscord, M. 2008. “Fütterung der Schweine.” In Ernährung landwirtschaftlicher Nutztiere, edited by H. Jeroch, W. Drochner, and O. Simon, 332–367. Stuttgart: Eugen Ulmer KG.
  • Rostagno, H. S., L. F. T. Albino, M. I. Hannas, J. D. Donzele, N. K. Sakomura, F. G. Perazzo, A. Saraiva, et al. 2017. Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine - Composition of Feedstuffs and Nutritional Requirements. 4th ed. Viçosa, Minas Gerais: Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
  • Savage, G. P., and S. Deo. 1989. “The Nutritional Value of Peas (Pisum Sativum): A Literature Review.” Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews: Series A 59: 65–88.
  • Siegert, W. 2016. “Factors influencing the response of broiler chicken to glycine supplements in low crude protein diets.” Doctoral thesis. University of Hohenheim.
  • Siegert, W., H. Ahmadi, A. Helmbrecht, and M. Rodehutscord. 2015a. “A Quantitative Study of the Interactive Effects of Glycine and Serine with Threonine and Choline on Growth Performance in Broilers.” Poultry Science 94: 1557–1568. doi:10.3382/ps/pev109.
  • Siegert, W., H. Ahmadi, and M. Rodehutscord. 2015b. “Meta-Analysis of the Influence of Dietary Glycine and Serine, with Consideration of Methionine and Cysteine, on Growth and Feed Conversion of Broilers.” Poultry Science 94: 1853–1863. doi:10.3382/ps/pev129.
  • Siegert, W., K. J. Wild, M. Schollenberger, A. Helmbrecht, and M. Rodehutscord. 2016. “Effect of Glycine Supplementation in Low Protein Diets with Amino Acids from Soy Protein Isolate or Free Amino Acids on Broiler Growth and Nitrogen Utilisation.” British Poultry Science 57: 424–434. doi:10.1080/00071668.2016.1163523.
  • Siljander-Rasi, H., S. Peuranen, K. Tiihonen, E. Virtanen, H. Kettunen, T. Alaviuhkola, and P. H. Simmins. 2003. “Effect of Equi-Molar Dietary Betaine and Choline Addition on Performance, Carcass Quality and Physiological Parameters of Pigs.” Animal Science 76: 55–62. doi:10.1017/S1357729800053315.
  • Soloway, S., and D. Stetten. 1953. “The Metabolism of Choline and Its Conversion to Glycine in the Rat.” Journal of Biological Chemistry 204: 207–214.
  • Sugahara, M., and M. Kandatsu. 1976. “Glycine Serine Interconversion in the Rooster.” Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 40: 833–837. doi:10.1080/00021369.1976.10862153.
  • Van Harn, J., M. Dijkslag, and M. M. Van Krimpen. 2018. “Glycine Plus Serine Requirements of Broilers Fed Low-Protein Diets.” In Proceedings of the XVth European Poultry Conference, 17 to 21 September 2018, Dubrovnik, Croatia, 60. Dubrovnik: Alfa-2, ISBN/EAN 978-90-829157-0-9.
  • Vasconcellos, C. H. F., D. O. Fontes, M. A. Silva, G. S. S. Corrêa, L. J. C. Lara, T. Z. B. Vidal, A. L. C. Machado, and I. S. Fernandes. 2011. “Teores De Glicina+ Serina Total Em Dietas De Baixa Proteína Bruta Para De Frangos De Corte De 22 a 35 Dias De Idade.” Arquivo Brasileiro De Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia 63: 641–648. doi:10.1590/S0102-09352011000300016.
  • Velíšek, J., and K. Cejpek. 2011. “Biosynthesis of Food Constituents: Amino Acids: 2. The Alanine-Valine-Leucine, Serine-Cysteine-Glycine, and Aromatic and Heterocyclic Amino Acids Groups - a Review.” Czech Journal of Food Sciences 24: 45–58. doi:10.17221/3299-CJFS.
  • Verstegen, M. W. A., and A. W. Jongbloed. 2003. “Crystalline Amino Acids and Nitrogen Emission.” In Amino Acids in Animal Nutrition, edited by J. P. F. D’Mello, 449–458. Willingford, Oxon: CABI Pub.
  • Waguespack, A. M., S. Powell, T. D. Bidner, and L. L. Southern. 2009. “The Glycine Plus Serine Requirement of Broiler Chicks Fed Low-Crude Protein, Corn-Soybean Meal Diets.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 18: 761–765. doi:10.3382/japr.2009-00062.
  • Wang, W., Z. Wu, Z. Dai, Y. Yang, J. Wang, and G. Wu. 2013. “Glycine Metabolism in Animals and Humans: Implications for Nutrition and Health.” Amino Acids 45: 463–477. doi:10.1007/s00726-013-1493-1.
  • Waterhouse, H. N., and H. M. Scott. 1961. “Glycine Need of the Chick Fed Casein Diets and the Glycine, Arginine, Methionine and Creatine Interrelationships.” Journal of Nutrition 73: 266–272. doi:10.1093/jn/73.3.266.
  • Wen, Z. G., Y. K. Du, M. Xie, X. M. Li, J. D. Wang, and P. L. Yang. 2017. “Effects of Low-Protein Diets on Growth Performance and Carcass Yields of Growing French Meat Quails (France Coturnix Coturnix).” Poultry Science 96: 1364–1369. doi:10.3382/ps/pew321.
  • Wu, G. 2013. Amino Acids: Biochemistry and Nutrition. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  • Xie, M., Y. Jiang, J. Tang, Z. G. Wen, Q. Zhang, W. Huang, and S. S. Hou. 2017. “Effects of Low-Protein Diets on Growth Performance and Carcass Yield of Growing White Pekin Ducks.” Poultry Science 96: 1370–1375. doi:10.3382/ps/pew349.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.