Polyethylene glycol inactivates red grape pomace condensed tannins for broiler chickens

References

• Abu Hafsa, S. H., and S. A. Ibrahim. 2018. “Effect of Dietary Polyphenol‐Rich Grape Seed on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity and Ileal Microflora in Broiler Chicks.” Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 102 (1): 268–275. doi:10.1111/jpn.12688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aditya, S., S. Ohh, M. Ahammed, and J. Lohakare. 2018. “Supplementation of Grape Pomace (Vitis Vinifera) in Broiler Diets and Its Effect on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility of Nutrients, Blood Profile, and Meat Quality.” Animal Nutrition 4: 210–214. doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2018.01.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• AGRILASA. 1998. Feed and Plant Analysis Methods. Pretoria, South Africa: Agri Laboratory Association of Southern Africa.
   Google Scholar
• AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th ed. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
   Google Scholar
• Ben Saad, L. A., K. H. Kim, C. C. Quah, W. R. Kim, and M. Shahimi. 2017. “Anti-inflammatory Potential of Ellagic Acid, Gallic Acid and Punicalagin A and B Isolated from Punica Granatum.” BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine 17: 47. doi:10.1186/s12906-017-1555-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Besharati, M., and A. Taghizade. 2009. “Evaluation of Dried Grape By-Product as a Tanniniferous Tropical Feedstuff.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 152: 198–203. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2009.04.011.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brannan, R. 2008. “Effect of Grape Seed Extract on Physicochemical Properties of Ground, Salted, Chicken Thigh Meat during Refrigerated Storage at Different Relative Humidity Levels.” Journal of Food Science 73: 36–40. doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00588.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamorro, S., C. Romero, A. Brenes, F. Sánchez-Patán, B. Bartolomé, A. Viveros, and I. Arija. 2019. “Impact of a Sustained Consumption of Grape Extract on Digestion, Gut Microbial Metabolism and Intestinal Barrier in Broiler Chickens.” Food & Function 10 (3): 1444–1454. doi:10.1039/c8fo02465k.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamorro, S., A. Viveros, C. Centeno, C. Romero, I. Arija, and A. Brenes. 2013. “Effects of Dietary Grape Seed Extract on Growth Performance, Amino Acid Digestibility and Plasma Lipids and Mineral Content in Broiler Chicks.” Journal of Animal Science 7: 555–561. doi:10.1017/S1751731112001851.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chikwanha, O. C., E. Moelich, P. Gouws, V. Muchenje, J. Van Nolte, M. E. R. Dugan, and C. Mapiye. 2019. “Effects of Feeding Increasing Levels of Grape (Vitis Vinifera Cv. Pinotage) Pomace on Lamb Shelf-Life and Eating Quality.” Meat Science 157: 107887. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durmic, Z., and D. Blache. 2012. “Bioactive Plants and Plant Products: Effects on Animal Function, Health and Welfare.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 176: 150–162. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.07.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garrido, M. D., M. Auqui, N. Martí, and M. B. Linares. 2011. “Effect of Two Different Red Grape Pomace Extracts Obtained under Different Extraction Systems on Meat Quality of Pork Burgers.” LWT-Food Science and Technology 44: 2238–2243. doi:10.1016/j.lwt.2011.07.003.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goñi, I., A. Brenes, C. Centeno, A. Viveros, F. Saura-Calixto, A. Rebolé, I. Arija, and R. Esteve. 2007. “Effect of Dietary Grape Pomace and Vitamin E on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Susceptibility to Meat Lipid Oxidation.” Poultry Science 86: 508–516. doi:10.1093/ps/86.3.508.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grau, R., and R. Hamm. 1957. “’About the Water-Binding Capacity of the Mammalian Muscle’. II. Communication.” Z Lebensm Unters Briskly 105: 446. doi:10.1007/BF01126901.
   Google Scholar
• Harr, K. E. 2002. “Clinical Chemistry of Companion Avian Species.” Veterinary Clinical Pathology 31: 140–151. doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2002.tb00295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isaak, C. K., J. C. Petkau, K. H. Ominski, J. C. Rodriguez-Lecompte, and Y. L. Siow. 2013. “Seasonal Variations in Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Cornus Stolonifera Plant Material: Applications in Agriculture.” Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93: 725–734. doi:10.4141/cjps2012-310.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeronimo, E., C. M. Alfaia, S. P. Alves, M. T. Dentinho, J. A. Prates, V. Vasta, J. Santos-Silva, and R. J. Bessa. 2012. “Effect of Dietary Grape Seed Extract and Cistus Ladanifer L in Combination with Vegetable Oil Supplementation on Lamb Meat Quality.” Meat Science 92: 841–847. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.07.011.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karesh, W. B., A. D. Campo, E. Braselton, H. Puche, and R. A. Cook. 1997. “Health Evaluation of Free Ranging and Hand Reared Macaws (Ara Spp.) In Peru.” Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 28: 368–377.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumanda, C., V. Mlambo, and C. M. Mnisi. 2019a. “From Landfills to the Dinner Table: Red Grape Pomace Waste as a Nutraceutical for Broiler Chickens.” Sustainability 11: 19–31. doi:10.3390/su11071931.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumanda, C., V. Mlambo, and C. M. Mnisi. 2019b. “Valorization of Red Grape Pomace Waste Using Polyethylene Glycol and Fibrolytic Enzymes Physiological and Meat Quality Responses in Broilers.”Animals 9: 779. doi:10.3390/ani9100779.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makkar, H., G. Francis, and K. Becker. 2007. “Bioactivity of Phytochemicals in Some Lesser-Known Plants and Their Effects and Potential Applications in Livestock and Aquaculture Production Systems.” Animal 1: 1371–1391. doi:10.1017/S1751731107000298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Makkar, H. P. S. 2003. “Quantification of Tannins in Tree and Shrub Foliage”. A Laboratory Manual, 43–54. 1st. Netherlands: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-94-017-0273-7.
   Google Scholar
• Makkar, H. P. S., M. Blümel, and K. Becker. 1995. “Formation of Complexes between Polyvinyl Pyriolidones or Polyethylene Glycols and Tannins and Their Implication in Gas Production and True Digestibility in In Vitro Techniques.” British Journal of Nutrition 73: 897–913. doi:10.1079/bjn19950095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansoori, B., H. Nodeh, M. Modirsanei, M. M. Kiaei, and M. Farkhoy. 2007. “Evaluating the Influence of Tannic Acid Alone or with Polyethylene Glycol on the Intestinal Absorption Capacity of Broiler Chickens, Using D-Xylose Absorption Test.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 134: 252–260. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.01.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medugu, C. I., B. Saleh, J. U. Igwebuike, and R. L. Ndirmbita. 2012. “Strategies to Improve the Utilization of Tannin-Rich Feed Materials by Poultry.” International Journal of Poultry Science 11: 417–423. doi:10.3923/ijps.2012.417.423.
   Google Scholar
• Mlambo, V., F. L. Mould, T. Smith, E. Owen, J. L. N. Sikosana, and I. Mueller-Harvey. 2009. “In Vitro Biological Activity of Tannins from Acacia and Other Tree Fruits: Correlations with Colorimetric and Gravimetric Phenolic Assays.” South African Journal of Animal Science 39: 131–143. doi:10.4314/sajas.v39i2.44387.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mnisi, C. M., T. B. Matshogo, R. F. Van Niekerk, and V. Mlambo. 2017. “Growth Performance, Haematological and Serum Biochemical Parameters and Meat Quality Characteristics of Male Japanese Quails Fed a Lippia Javanica-Based Diet.” South African Journal of Animal Science 47: 661–671. doi:doi.10.4314/sajas.v47i5.9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omidi, A., and H. Ansari Nik. 2012. “Selected Biochemical Values of Yearling African Blue Neck Ostriches (Struthio Camelus) in Iran.” Comparative Clinical Pathology 22: 601–604. doi:10.1007/s00580-012-1452-3.
   Google Scholar
• Porter, L. J., L. N. Hrstich, and B. G. Chan. 1986. “The Conversion of Procyanidins and Prodelphinidins to Cyanidin and Delphinidin.” Phytochemistry 1: 223–230. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94533-3.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Priolo, A., D. Micol, J. Agabriel, S. Prache, and E. Dransfield. 2002. “Effect of Grass or Concentrate Feeding Systems on Lamb Carcass and Meat Quality.” Meat Science 62: 179–185. doi:10.1016/s0309-1740(01)00244-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS. 2010. Statistical Analysis System Institute Inc. Carry, NC, USA: Users Guide.
   Google Scholar
• Yang, J. Y., H. J. Zhang, J. Wang, S. G. Wu, H. Y. Yue, X. R. Jiang, and G. H. Qi. 2017. “Effects of Dietary Grape Proanthocyanidins on the Growth Performance, Jejunum Morphology and Plasma Biochemical Indices of Broiler Chicks.” Animal 11 (5): 762–770. doi:10.1017/S1751731116002056.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, W., S. Xiao, H. Samaraweera, E. J. Lee, and D. U. Ahn. 2010. “Improving Functional Value of Meat Products.” Meat Science 86: 15–31. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.018.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar