Feeding low dietary levels of organic trace minerals improves broiler performance and reduces excretion of minerals in litter

References

• Abdallah, A. G., O. M. El-Husseiny, and K. O. Abdel-latif. 2009. “Influence of Some Dietary Organic Mineral Supplementations on Broiler Performance.” International Journal of Poultry Science 8: 291–298.
   Google Scholar
• Ahn, D. U., S. Lutz, G. Cherian, F. H. Wolfe, and J. S. Sim. 1995. “Lipid Oxidation and Sensory Characteristics of Fresh and Cured Sausages from α-linolenic Acid Enriched Pork.” Journal of Food Quality 18 (5): 397–413. doi:10.1111/j.1745-4557.1995.tb00390.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aksu, T., M. I. Aksu, M. A. Yoruk, and M. Karaoglu. 2011. “Effects of Organically-complexes Minerals on Meat Quality in Chickens.” British Poultry Science 52 (5): 558–563. doi:10.1080/00071668.2011.606800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ao, T., J. L. Pierce, A. J. Pescatore, A. H. Cantor, K. A. Dawson, M. Paul, and M. J. Ford. 2011. “Evaluation of Organic Cu (Bioplex Cu®) as a Cu Source for Chicks.” Poultry. Science 90 (Suppl. 1): 196.
   Google Scholar
• Ao, T., J. L. Pierce, A. J. Pescatore, M. J. Ford, A. H. Cantor, K. A. Dawson, and M. Paul. 2008. “Evaluation of Organic Mn (Bioplex® Mn) as a Mn Source for Chicks.” Poultry Science 87 (Suppl.1): 172. doi:10.3382/ps.2007-00228.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ao, T., J. L. Pierce, R. Power, K. A. Dawson, A. J. Pescatore, A. H. Cantor, and M. J. Ford. 2006. “Evaluation of Bioplex Zn® as Organic Zinc Source for Chicks.” International Journal of Poultry Science 5 (9): 808–811. doi:10.3923/ijps.2006.808.811.
   Google Scholar
• AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th ed. Washington, DC: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
   Google Scholar
• Bao, Y. M., M. Choct, P. A. Iji, and K. Bruerton. 2007. “Effect of Organically Complexed Copper, Iron, Manganese and Zinc on Broiler Performance, Mineral Excretion and Accumulation in Tissues.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 16: 448–455. doi:10.1093/japr/16.3.448.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brooks, M. A., J. L. Grimes, K. E. Lloyd, F. Valdez, and J. W. Spears. 2012. “Relative Bioavailability in Chicks of Manganese from Manganese Propionate.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 21: 126–130. doi:10.3382/japr.2011-00331.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cao, J., P. R. Henry, and R. Guo. 2000. “Chemical Characteristics and Relative Bioavailability of Supplemental Organic Zinc Sources for Poultry and Ruminants.” Journal of Animal Science 78: 2039–2054. doi:10.2527/2000.7882039x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Souza, D., and B. Mullan 2001. “Dietary Nutrient Supplements Improve Meat Quality.” Proceedings of Alltech’s 17th Annual Symposium, UK: Nottingham University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dibner, J. J., J. D. Richards, M. L. Kitchell, and M. A. Quiroz. 2007. “Metabolic Challenges and Early Bone Development.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 16::126–137. doi:10.1093/japr/16.1.126.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dieck, H. T., F. DÖring, H. P. Roth, and H. Daniel. 2003. “Changes in Rat Hepatic Gene Expression in Response to Zinc Deficiency as Assessed by DNA Arrays.” Journal of Nutrition 133: 1004–1010. doi:10.1093/jn/133.4.1004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferket, P. R., E. O. Oviedo-rondón, P. L. Mente, D. V. Bohórquez, A. A. Santos JR., J. L. Grimes, J. D. Richards, J. J. Dibner, and V. Felts. 2009. “Organic Trace Minerals and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol Affect Performance Characteristics, Leg Abnormalities, and Biomechanical Properties of Leg Bones of Turkeys.” Poultry Science 88: 118–131. doi:10.3382/ps.2008-00200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Francis, F. J., and F. M. Clydesdale. 1975. Color Difference. Pages 143-151 in Food Colorimetry: Theory and Applications. Westport, Ct: Avi Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Garvin, D. F., R. M. Welch, and J. W. Finley. 2006. “Historical Shifts in the Seed Mineral Micronutrient Concentration of US Hard Red Winter Wheat Germplasm.” Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 86: 2213–2220. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2601.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham, R., D. Senadhira, S. Beebe, C. Iglesias, and I. Monasterio. 1999. “Breeding for Micronutrient Density in Edible Portions of Staple Food Crops: Conventional Approaches.” Field Crops Research 60: 57–80. doi:10.1016/S0378-4290(98)00133-6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guo, R., P. R. Henry, R. A. Holwerda, J. Cao, R. C. Littell, R. D. Miles, and C. B. Ammerman. 2001. “Chemical Characteristic and Relative Bioavailability of Supplemental Organic Copper Sources for Poultry.” Journal of Animal Science 79: 1132–1141. doi:10.2527/2001.7951132x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jegede, A. V., A. M. Oduguwa, A. M. Bamgbose, A. O. Fanimo, and L. Nollet. 2011. “Growth Response, Blood Characteristics and Copper Accumulation in Organs of Broilers Fed on Diets Supplemented with Organic and Inorganic Dietary Copper Sources.” British Poultry Science 52 (1): 133–139. doi:10.1080/00071668.2010.544714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ji, F., X. G. Luo, L. Lu, B. Liu, and S. X. Yu. 2006. “Effect of Manganese Source on Manganese Absorption by the Intestine of Broilers.” Poultry Science 85: 1947–1952. doi:10.1093/ps/85.11.1947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeson, S. 2008. “Trace Minerals in Poultry Nutrition-2. Copper and Zinc – The Next Pollution Frontier.” World Poultry 3: 14–16.
   Google Scholar
• Leeson, S., and L. Caston. 2008. “Using Minimal Supplements of Trace Minerals as a Method of Reducing Trace Mineral Content of Poultry Manure.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 142: 339–347. doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.08.004.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, S., X. Luo, B. Liu, T. D. Crenshaw, X. Kuang, G. Shao, and S. Yu. 2004. “Use of Chemical Characteristics to Predict the Relative Bioavailability of Supplemental Organic Manganese for Broilers.” Journal of Animal Science 82: 2352–2363. doi:10.2527/2004.8282352x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, L., X. G. Luo, C. Ji, B. Liu, and S. X. Yu. 2006. “Effect of Manganese Supplementation and Source on Carcass Traits, Meat Quality, and Lipid Oxidation in Broilers.” Journal of Animal Science 85: 812–822. doi:10.2527/jas.2006-229.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manangi, M. K., M. Vazquez-añon, J. D. Richards, S. Carter, R. E. Buresh, and K. D. Christensen. 2012. “Impact of Feeding Lower Levels of Chelated Trace Minerals versus Industry Levels of Inorganic Trace Minerals on Broiler Performance, Yield, Footpad Health, and Litter Mineral Concentration.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 21: 881–890. doi:10.3382/japr.2012-00531.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDowell, L. R. 1989. Comparative Aspects to Human Nutrition. Vitamin C, A and E. Pages 93–131 in Vitamins in Animal Nutrition. L. R. McDowell, ed. London, UK: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Miles, R. D., and P. R. Henry 1999. “Relative Trace Mineral Bioavailability.” Proceeding California Animal Nutrition Conference, 1–24. Fresno, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Nanari, M. C., A. K. Hewavitharana, C. Becu, and S. Jong. 2004. “Effect of Dietary Tocopherols and Tocotrienols on the Antioxidant Status and Lipid Stability of Chicken.” Meat Science 68 (2): 155–162. doi:10.1016/j.meatsci.2003.12.004.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nollet, L., G. Huyghebaert, and P. Spring. 2008. “Effect of Different Levels of Dietary Organic (Bioplex) Trace Minerals on Live Performance of Broiler Chickens by Growth Phases.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 17: 109–115. doi:10.3382/japr.2007-00049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nollet, L., J. D. Van Der Klis, M. Lensing, and P. Spring. 2007. “The Effect of Replacing Inorganic with Organic Trace Minerals in Broiler Diets on Productive Performance and Mineral Excretion.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 16: 592–597. doi:10.3382/japr.2006-00115.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NRC, (National Research Council). 1994. Nutritional Requirements of Poultry. 9th rev. ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, J. C., and D. C. Mahan. 2008. “Effects of Dietary Organic and Inorganic Trace Mineral Levels on Sow Reproductive Performances and Daily Mineral Intakes over Six Parities.” Journal of Animal Science 86: 2247–2260. doi:10.2527/jas.2007-0431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rath, N. C., G. R. Huff, W. E. Huff, and J. M. Balog. 2000. “Factors Regulating Bone Maturity and Strength in Poultry.” Poultry Science 79: 1024–1032. doi:10.1093/ps/79.7.1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Richards, J. D., J. Zhao, R. J. Harrell, C. A. Atwell, and J. J. Dibner. 2010. “Trace Mineral Nutrition in Poultry and Swine.” Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 23: 1527–1534. doi:10.5713/ajas.2010.r.07.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ryu, Y. C., M. S. Rhee, M. H. Lee, S. K. Lee, and B. C. Kim. 2006. “Effects of Packaging Methods on the Meat Quality of α-tocopherol Supplemented Broiler Chicks during Refrigerated Storage.” Food Science and Biotechnology 15: 248–253.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salih, A. M., D. M. Smith, J. Price, and L. E. Dawson. 1987. “Modified Extraction 2-thiobarbituric Acid Method for Measuring Lipid Oxidation in Poultry.” Journal of Poultry Science 66 (9): 1483–1488. doi:10.3382/ps.0661483.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• SAS Institute. 2003. SAS® User’s Guide. Version 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Silva, D. J., and A. C. Queiroz. 2002. Análise De Alimentos (Métodos Químicos E Biológicos), 235. 3rd ed. Viçosa: Imprensa Universitária da UFV.
   Google Scholar
• Underwood, E. J. 1977. Zinc: Intermediary Metabolism. Pages 196– 242 in Trace Elements in Human and Animal Nutrition. 4th ed. New York, NY: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Vieria, R. A., V. Ribeiro Jn, W. A. G. Araujo, S. C. Salguero, L. F. T. Albino, and M. I. Hannas. 2013. “The Effects of Chelated, Organic Trace Minerals and Selenium Yeast on Broiler Performance.” Poultry Science 92 (E–Suppl. 1): 145,Poster, PSA.
   Google Scholar
• Wang, G., L. Liu, Z. Wang, X. Pei, W. Tao, Z. Xiao, B. Liu, M. Wang, G. Lin, and T. Ao. 2018. “Comparison of Inorganic and Organically Bound Trace Minerals on Tissue Mineral Deposition and Fecal Excretion in Broiler Breeders.” Biological Trace Element Research. doi:10.1007/s12011-018-1460-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedekind, K. J., A. E. Hortin, and D. H. Baker. 1992. “Methodology for Assessing Zinc Bioavailability: Efficacy Estimates for Zinc-methionine, Zinc Sulphate, and Zinc Oxide.” Journal of Animal Science 70: 178–187. doi:10.2527/1992.701178x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wedekind, K. J., and D. H. Baker. 1989. “Zinc Bioavailability in Feed-grade Zinc Sources.” Journal of Animal Science 67 (Suppl. 2): 126.
   Google Scholar
• Wedekind, K. J., G. Collings, J. Hancock, and E. Titgemeyer. 1994. “The Bioavailability of Zinc-methionine Relative to Zinc Sulphate Is Affected by Calcium Level.” Poultry Science 73 (suppl. 1): 114. doi:10.3382/ps.0731158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar