References
- Allee, G. L., D. H. Baker, and G. A. Leveille. 1971a. “Fat Utilization and Lipogenesis in the Young Pig.” Journal of Nutrition 101: 1415. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/101.10.1415.
- Allee, G. L., D. H. Baker, and G. A. Leveille. 1971b. “Influence of Dietary Fat on Adipose Tissue Lipogenesis and Enzymatic Activity in the Pig.” Journal of Animal Science 33: 1248–1254. doi:https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1971.3361248x.
- Angel, R. A., W. Saylor, S. L. Vieira, and N. Ward. 2011. “Effects of a Monocomponent Protease on Performance and Protein Utilization in 7- to 22-day-old Broiler Chickens.” Poultry Science 90: 2281–2286. doi:https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-01482.
- Arruda, P., W. J. Da Silva, and J. P. F. Teixeira. 1978. “Protein and Free Amino Acids in a High Lysine Maize Double Mutant.” Phytochemistry 17: 1217–1218. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)94558-8.
- ASAE. 2003. “Sieve Analysis: Taking a close look at quality.” https://www.retsch.com/dltmp/www/53e4b562-5294-4711-9111-636500000000-b8e580d34c65/expert_guide_sieving_en.pdf
- Association of Official Analytical Chemists [AOAC]. 2005. “Official methods of analysis.”
- Bedford, M. R., and A. J. Cowieson. 2020. “Matrix Values for Exogenous Enzymes and Their Application in the Real World.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 29: 15–22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japr.2019.10.011.
- Cobb 500 Broiler Performance & Nutrition Supplement. 2018. Siloam Springs, AK: Cobb-Vantress.
- Cowieson, A., M. Toghyani, S. Kheravii, S. Wu, L. Romero, and M. Choct. 2019. “A Mono-component Microbial Protease Improves Performance, Net Energy, and Digestibility of Amino Acids and Starch, and Upregulates Jejunal Expression of Genes Responsible for Peptide Transport in Broilers Fed Corn/wheat-based Diets Supplemented with Xylanase and Phytase.” Poultry Science 98: 1321–1332.
- Cowieson, A. J. 2010. “Strategic Selection of Exogenous Enzymes for Corn/soy-based Poultry Diets.” Japanese Poultry Science 47: 1–7. doi:https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.009045.
- Cowieson, A. J., and F. F. Roos. 2016. “Toward Optimal Value Creation through the Application of Exogenous Mono-component Protease in the Diets of Non-ruminants.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 221: 331–340. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.04.015.
- Cowieson, A. J., M. M. Bhuiyan, J. O. B. Sorbara, G. Pappenberger, M. B. Pedersen, and M. Choct. 2020. “Contribution of Individual Broilers to Variation in Amino Acid Digestibility in Soybean Meal and the Efficacy of an Exogenous Monocomponent Protease.” Poultry Science 99: 1075–1083. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2019.10.001.
- Cowieson, A. J., and M. R. Bedford. 2009. “The Effect of Phytase and Carbohydrase on Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Monogastric Diets: Complimentary Mode of Action?” World’s Poultry Science Journal 65: 609–624. doi:https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933909000427.
- Faria Filho, D. E., K. A. A. Torres, D. M. B. Campos, B. S. Vieira, T. Urbano, P. S. Rosa, and A. S. Ferraudo. 2005. “Ingredient Classification according to the Digestible Amino Acid Profile: An Exploratory Analysis.” Revista Brasileira De Ciencia Avicola 7: 185–193. doi:https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-635X2005000300009.
- Freitas, D. M., S. L. Vieira, C. R. Angel, A. Favero, and A. Maiorka. 2011. “Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Broilers Fed Diets Supplemented with a Novel Mono-component Protease.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 20: 322–334. doi:https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2010-00295.
- Fru-Nji, F., A. M. Kluenter, M. Fischer, and K. Pontoppidan. 2011. “A Feed Serine Protease Improves Broiler Growth Performance and Increases Protein and Energy Digestibility.” Journal Poultry Science 48: 239–246. doi:https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.011035.
- Ghazi, S., J. A. Rooke, and H. Galbraith. 2003. “Improvement of the Nutritive Value of Soybean Meal by Protease and A-galactosidase Treatment in Broiler Chicks and Broiler Cockerels.” British Poultry Science 44: 410–418. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660310001598283.
- Hughes, R. J., and M. Choct. 1997. “Low ME Wheat or Low ME Chickens? Highly Variable Responses by Birds on the Same Low ME Wheat Diet.” Proceedings of the Australian Poultry Science Symposium 9:138–141.
- Hughes, R. J., and M. Choct. 1999. “Chemical and Physical Characteristics of Grains Related to Variability in Energy and Amnio Acid Availability in Poultry.” Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50: 689–701. doi:https://doi.org/10.1071/AR98161.
- Kalmendal, R., and R. Tauson. 2012. “Effects of a Xylanase and Protease, Individually and in Combination, and an Ionophore Coccidiostat on Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Intestinal Morphology in Broiler Chickens Fed a Wheat-soybean Meal-based Diet.” Poultry Science 91: 1387–1393. doi:https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2011-02064.
- Kiarie, E., L. F. Romero, and V. Ravindran. 2014. “Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilization, and Digesta Characteristics in Broiler Chickens Fed Corn or Wheat Diets without or with Supplemental Xylanase.” Poultry Science 93: 1186–1196. doi:https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2013-03715.
- Liu, S. Y., P. H. Selle, S. G. Court, and A. J. Cowieson. 2013. “Protease Supplementation of Sorghum-based Broiler Diets Enhances Amino-acid Digestibility Coefficients in Four Small Intestinal Sites and Accelerates Their Rates of Digestion.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 183: 175–183. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.05.006.
- Moran, E. T., JR. 1982. “Starch Digestion in Fowl.” Poultry Science 61: 1257–1267. doi:https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0611257.
- National Health and Medical Research Council. 2014. “Australian code of practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes.”
- O’Shea, C. J., P. O. Mcalpine, T. Curran, P. F. Varley, A. M. Walsh, and J. V. O. Doherty. 2014. “The Effect of Protease and Xylanase Enzymes on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Manure Odour in Grower-finisher Pigs.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 189: 88–97. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.11.012.
- Olukosi, O. A., L. A. Beeson, K. Englyst, and L. F. Romero. 2015. “Effects of Exogenous Proteases without or with Carbohydrases on Nutrient Digestibility and Disappearance of Non-starch Polysaccharides in Broiler Chickens.” Poultry Science 94: 2662–2669. doi:https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev260.
- Ravindran, V. 2013. “Feed Enzymes: The Science, Practice, and Metabolic Realities.” Journal of Applied Poultry Research 22: 628–636. doi:https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2013-00739.
- Rooney, L. W., and R. L. Pflugfelder. 1986. “Factors Affecting Starch Digestibility with Special Emphasis on Sorghum and Corn.” Journal of Animal Science 63: 1607–1623. doi:https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.6351607x.
- SAS Institute. 2015. “SAS User’s Guide. Statistics. Version 9.4 Ed.” Cary, NC: SAS Inst.
- Selle, P. H., S. Y. Liu, J. Cai, and A. J. Cowieson. 2013. “Steam-pelleting Temperatures, Grain Variety, Feed Form and Protease Supplementation of Mediumly-ground, Sorghum-based Broiler Diets: Influences on Growth Performance, Relative Gizzard Weights, Nutrient Utilisation, Starch and Nitrogen Digestibility.” Animal Production Science 53: 378–387. doi:https://doi.org/10.1071/AN12363.
- Short, F., P. Gorton, J. Wiseman, and K. Boorman. 1996. “Determination of Titanium Dioxide Added as an Inert Marker in Chicken Digestibility Studies.” Animal Feed Science and Technology 59: 215–221. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(95)00916-7.
- Sorbara, J. O. B. 2009. “Broiler Chicken Performance and Ileal Digestibility Is Improved by a Protease Used in Corn/soybean Meal/meat and Bone Meal Diet.” Poultry Science 88 (Suppl. 1): 165(Abstr.).
- Thomas, D. V., V. Ravindran, and G. Ravindran. 2008. “Nutrient Digestibility and Energy Utilisation of Diets Based on Wheat, Sorghum or Maize by the Newly Hatched Broiler Chick.” British Poultry Science 49: 429–435. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660802213467.
- Wilson, C. M. 1987. “Proteins of the Kernel.” In Corn Chemistry and Technology, edited by S. A. Watson and P. E. Ramstead, 273–277. St. Paul, MN: Am. Assoc. Cereal Chem.